This thesis investigates the two major conflicting modes of interpretation applied to Mo Yan’s literary texts diachronically and synchronically in order to reveal both the aesthetic imperative and the liberating force of the British and North American literary centers in receiving literature from the periphery. After an introduction to the centers’ disparate responses to the paradigmatic shift of the local Chinese literary trend in the 1980s, the thesis continues with a theoretical discussion on reader-response theory and the uneven power relations between the literary center and the periphery. Jauss’s concept of horizon of expectation and Fish’s interpretive community are adopted to stress openness in interpretation while Casanova’s conceptualization of the world republic of letters provides the framework to study the competition among interpretive communities for the legitimacy of their respective interpretation. The study of the press reception of Mo Yan focuses on the ongoing shift of horizon of expectation from the dominating political and representational mode of interpretation to one that stresses the literary and fictional nature of literature. The study shows that the imperative in the reception of Mo Yan is the extension of the Western cultural hegemony sustained by an Orientalist dichotomy. The academic promotion in the public sphere, however, shows critics’ effort to subvert such domination by suggesting an alternative mode that brings the Chinese literary context to bear on the interpretation. In addition to this, Mo Yan’s strategic negotiation with the dominating mode of reception is analysed in my close reading of POW!. At the end of the thesis, I call for general readers to raise the awareness of the hegemonic tendency of any prevailing mode of interpretation. By asserting a certain distance, readers enable the openness in interpretation and hence possible communication among different communities.

L’œuvre de Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio a déjà donné lieu à de nombreuses investigations, mais celles-ci n’apportent que de rares lumières sur le lecteur potentiel, figure pourtant essentielle du phénomène littéraire. Le rôle de ce lecteur en tant que récepteur de l’œuvre possède une importance particulière dans la qualité de l’acte de communication, car il reçoit le livre avec la somme de ses préjugés et de ses aspirations ; il participe à la production du sens et au développement des thèmes qui parcourent l’œuvre de l’écrivain. Quelle est l’image de lecteur virtuel telle qu’elle est projetée dans le texte de Le Clézio ? Quel est son rôle dans la création de l’œuvre ? Et comment l’auteur s’arrange-t-il pour réduire le plus possible la distance qui risque de s’établir entre l’écriture et la lecture ? Nous tenterons de répondre à ces questions en effectuant une analyse sémiostylistique des recueils de nouvelles de l’écrivain : La fièvre, Mondo et autres histoires, La ronde et autres faits divers, Printemps et autres saisons et Cœur brûle et autres romances. / The work of Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio has already been the subject of numerous investigations, but they provide little lights on the potential reader who is nevertheless an essential literary phenomenon. The role of the reader as receiver of the work has a particular importance on the quality of the act of communication because he receives the book with the sum of his prejudices and aspirations. He participates in the production of meaning and development of themes that run through the work of the writer. What is the virtual reader’s image as projected in the text of Le Clézio? What is his role in creating the work? And how does the author manage to minimize the distance between writing and reading? We try to answer these questions by making a sémiostylistique analysis on short story cycles of the writer : Fever, Mondo and Other Stories, The Round and Other cold Hard Facts, Spring and other seasons and Burn Heart and Other Romances.

CARVALHO, Daniel Alencar de. Dialética do descompasso: os tempos de Monteiro Lobato na composição da nação brasileira (1914-1927). 2016. 225f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em História, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-08T13:16:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_dacarvalho.pdf: 4644280 bytes, checksum: 1b6693e5dd9ca7f341712990b99ea860 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-08T15:09:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_dacarvalho.pdf: 4644280 bytes, checksum: 1b6693e5dd9ca7f341712990b99ea860 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-08T15:09:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_dacarvalho.pdf: 4644280 bytes, checksum: 1b6693e5dd9ca7f341712990b99ea860 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / This research analyses Monteiro Lobato’s times in the composition of the Brazilian nation, between the years 1914-1927. The writer understood socioeconomic cultural inequalities inherent to the increasing inclusion of the country in the capitalist economy, integrating the most remote corners of the country to the frenzy of the offer, the demand and the competition, through temporal concepts, highlighting the different cadences of the transformation of the Brazilian society. According to this view, the past is something anachronistic, backward and obsolete; the future is “tomorrow”, the modern and the progress. There was a tension between the space of experience related to the caboclos from blackland, “dead cities” and the misery in the backlands and the horizon of expectation represented by the sequence of technological developments, the North American advance and Henry Ford’s principles of prosperity according to Reinhart Koselleck’ s categories. So, I investigate the elaborate projects in order to cadence the time of the nation and finally build the imagined community called Brazil as a nation where the “jecas” would be integrated to the progress through new conditions of work. Monteiro Lobato, through the fictional universe of the Yellow Woodpecker Farm, (re)connected past/future or traditional/modern, removing unethical aspects of these concepts and finding their synthesis. Monteiro Lobato’s complete works constitute the sources of this dissertation as his short stories, novel, journalistic texts, stories and texts about art critic. / Esta pesquisa analisa os tempos de Monteiro Lobato na composição da nação brasileira, entre 1914-1927. O escritor entendia desigualdades socioeconômicas e culturais intrínsecas à crescente inclusão do país na economia capitalista, integrando os rincões mais remotos ao frenesi da oferta, da demanda e da concorrência, a partir de conceitos temporais, evidenciando os diversos ritmos de transformação da sociedade brasileira. Nesta visão, o passado é algo anacrônico, atrasado e ultrapassado; o futuro é o “amanhã”, o moderno e o progresso. Havia uma tensão entre o espaço de experiência, ou seja, os caboclos do interior, as “cidades mortas” e a miséria dos sertões e o horizonte de expectativa, a sucessão de desenvolvimentos tecnológicos, o adiantamento norte-americano e os princípios da prosperidade de Henry Ford, conforme as categorias de Reinhart Koselleck. Desta maneira, investigo os projetos elaborados no intuito de cadenciar os tempos da nação e, enfim, construir a comunidade imaginada Brasil, isto é, nação onde os “jecas” seriam integrados ao progresso através de novas condições de trabalho. O universo ficcional do Sítio do Picapau Amarelo também foi espaço onde Monteiro Lobato (re)aproximou passado/futuro ou tradicional/moderno, retirando o caráter antitético destes conceitos e encontrando sua síntese. As obras completas de Monteiro Lobato, sobretudo, incluindo contos, romance, jornalismo e crítica, textos esparsos e correspondência, constituem as fontes da dissertação.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-12-11T11:19:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Samuel Nunes dos Santos - 2017.pdf: 2439093 bytes, checksum: 8d77ca7c2525e1863c09b8cb7f9bb36e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-12-11T11:20:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Samuel Nunes dos Santos - 2017.pdf: 2439093 bytes, checksum: 8d77ca7c2525e1863c09b8cb7f9bb36e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-11T11:20:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Samuel Nunes dos Santos - 2017.pdf: 2439093 bytes, checksum: 8d77ca7c2525e1863c09b8cb7f9bb36e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-06 / Justin Martyr, in his First Apology, disputes the way Christians were being judged before the Roman magistrates. Because he does not agree with this, he exposes his arguments in favor of Christians. In order to strengthen his argument, Justin brings us past and contemporary events and relies on his eschatological hopes. The use of temporalities in his arguments led us to ask how he understood his present time. Based on the historical time of definition proposed by Reinhart Koselleck, we set out to analyze the First Apology to understand Justin's look towards his own time. We look after, in this way, to try to understand what factors underlie his tension, which would explain its vision of the world. In the search for a better understanding of these factors, we propose three steps: To broaden the knowledge about our source through the study of its form and content to analyze the most present intertextuality in his work (his conception of prophet and prophecy from Judeo-Christian literature) and, finally, the way he dealt with past, present, and future temporalities. / Justino Mártir, em sua I Apologia, contesta a forma como os cristãos eram julgados diante dos magistrados romanos. Sentindo que estes estavam sendo injustiçados, ele expõe seus argumentos a favor dos cristãos. A fim de corroborar seus argumentos, Justino traz-nos eventos passados e contemporâneos e se apoia em suas esperanças escatológicas. Essa construção textual de Justino nos levou a perguntar sobre como ele compreendia o seu próprio tempo. Para tanto, utilizamos a definição de tempo histórico proposta por Reinhart Koselleck que defende que o tempo histórico é a “tensão entre o espaço de experiência e o horizonte de expectativa” (KOSELLECK, 2006, p. 313). Tratamos, desta forma, de buscar entender que fatores subjaziam sua tensão, que explicariam sua visão de mundo. Para melhor entender tais fatores, nos propomos, a seguir três passos: conhecer melhor nossa fonte ampliando os nossos conhecimentos sobre sua forma e conteúdo, analisar a intertextualidade mais presente em sua obra (sua concepção de profeta e profecia a partir da literatura judaico-cristã) e, por fim, a forma como ele lidava com as temporalidades passado, presente e futuro.

Avhandlingen undersöker hur 21 unga människor inom ramen för längre intervjuer berättar om och reflekterar över sina liv. Ungdomarna har intervjuats som 15-, 17-, 22- och 25-åringar. Intervjuerna analyseras som livsberättelser, ett teoretiskt och metodolo-giskt perspektiv som fokuserar deras sätt att tolka och skapa mening i sina egna liv. Studien har ambitioner i två riktningar: Dels är det en samtidsstudie som undersöker hur villkoren för att bli vuxen ser ut och hur ungdomar förhåller sig till vuxenblivande. Dels är det en metodstudie i meningen att den lägger stor vikt vid hur livsberättelser konstrueras situationellt och kulturellt. De starka kopplingar som finns mellan ungdomars sätt att uppfatta sig själva och de livsberättelser de konstruerar håller samman dessa båda perspektiv. Arbetet koncentreras till tre huvudfråge-ställningar: hur erfarenhet och förväntan samspelar i ungdomarnas berättelser, hur deras berättelser anknyter till dominerande kulturella narrativer samt hur betydelser av att bli vuxen konstrueras och förändras över tid i deras livsberättelser. Vuxenblivande handlar i hög grad om en strävan efter identitet, självständighet och en plats i samhället. Studien visar hur detta kan förstås som en process där erfarenheter av det förflutna på olika sätt tvinnas samman med förväntningar inför framtiden. Den understryker också hur komplex och mångfacetterad övergången från ung till vuxen är och att innebörden i att vara vuxen varken är självklar eller definitiv. De livsberättelser ungdomarna konstruerar växer i hög grad fram i förhandling med starka narrativa life-scripts. Sådana scripts strukturerar deras berättelser och utgör en grund för de utvärderingar de gör av sina liv. Studien pekar också mot att ungdomars livsberättelser ingår i en dubbel hermeneutisk process där en Stor Berättelse om det individualiserade samhället tolkas och reproduceras. / This thesis investigates how a group of 21 young people narrate and reflect on their lives within the framework of long interviews. The participants were interviewed at the ages of 15, 17, 22 and 25 years. The interviews are analysed as life-stories, a theoretical and methodological perspective which illuminates the interviewees ways of interpreting and constructing meaning in their lives. The study has two aims: firstly it is a contemporary study with the goal of investi-gating what the conditions for entering adulthood are, and how young people relate to becoming an adult. Secondly it is a study of method which places great importance on how life-stories are constructed situationally and culturally. These two perspectives are linked by the strong connections that exist between the young people’s way of understanding themselves and the life-stories they construct. The work is concentrated to three main questions: how experience and expectation interplay in the participants stories, how their stories relate to dominant cultural narratives, and how meanings of becoming an adult are constructed and change over time in their life-stories. The process of becoming an adult mainly involves the search for identity, autonomy and place in society. The study demonstrates how this can be understood as a process where experiences from the past interplay with expectations for the future. It highlights the complexity and diversity of the transition from youth to adulthood, and the fact that meanings of adulthood are neither self-evident nor definite. Life-stories as told by the participants arise to a large degree in negotiation with narrative life-scripts. These scripts structure the stories and provide a basis for evaluation of their own lives. The study also points out that young people´s life stories are part of a double hermeneutic process where a “Grand Narrative” about the individualised society is interpreted and reproduced.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta pesquisa analisa os tempos de Monteiro Lobato na composiÃÃo da naÃÃo brasileira, entre 1914-1927. O escritor entendia desigualdades socioeconÃmicas e culturais intrÃnsecas à crescente inclusÃo do paÃs na economia capitalista, integrando os rincÃes mais remotos ao frenesi da oferta, da demanda e da concorrÃncia, a partir de conceitos temporais, evidenciando os diversos ritmos de transformaÃÃo da sociedade brasileira. Nesta visÃo, o passado à algo anacrÃnico, atrasado e ultrapassado; o futuro à o âamanhÃâ, o moderno e o progresso. Havia uma tensÃo entre o espaÃo de experiÃncia, ou seja, os caboclos do interior, as âcidades mortasâ e a misÃria dos sertÃes e o horizonte de expectativa, a sucessÃo de desenvolvimentos tecnolÃgicos, o adiantamento norte-americano e os princÃpios da prosperidade de Henry Ford, conforme as categorias de Reinhart Koselleck. Desta maneira, investigo os projetos elaborados no intuito de cadenciar os tempos da naÃÃo e, enfim, construir a comunidade imaginada Brasil, isto Ã, naÃÃo onde os âjecasâ seriam integrados ao progresso atravÃs de novas condiÃÃes de trabalho. O universo ficcional do SÃtio do Picapau Amarelo tambÃm foi espaÃo onde Monteiro Lobato (re)aproximou passado/futuro ou tradicional/moderno, retirando o carÃter antitÃtico destes conceitos e encontrando sua sÃntese. As obras completas de Monteiro Lobato, sobretudo, incluindo contos, romance, jornalismo e crÃtica, textos esparsos e correspondÃncia, constituem as fontes da dissertaÃÃo. / This research analyses Monteiro Lobatoâs times in the composition of the Brazilian nation, between the years 1914-1927. The writer understood socioeconomic cultural inequalities inherent to the increasing inclusion of the country in the capitalist economy, integrating the most remote corners of the country to the frenzy of the offer, the demand and the competition, through temporal concepts, highlighting the different cadences of the transformation of the Brazilian society. According to this view, the past is something anachronistic, backward and obsolete; the future is âtomorrowâ, the modern and the progress. There was a tension between the space of experience related to the caboclos from blackland, âdead citiesâ and the misery in the backlands and the horizon of expectation represented by the sequence of technological developments, the North American advance and Henry Fordâs principles of prosperity according to Reinhart Koselleckâ s categories. So, I investigate the elaborate projects in order to cadence the time of the nation and finally build the imagined community called Brazil as a nation where the âjecasâ would be integrated to the progress through new conditions of work. Monteiro Lobato, through the fictional universe of the Yellow Woodpecker Farm, (re)connected past/future or traditional/modern, removing unethical aspects of these concepts and finding their synthesis. Monteiro Lobatoâs complete works constitute the sources of this dissertation as his short stories, novel, journalistic texts, stories and texts about art critic.

Enid Blyton and Agatha Christie were the most successful British women writers of their time. Christie and Blyton were contemporaries, living and writing in the United Kingdom during the first half of the twentieth century. This study takes into consideration these similarities in its examination of the depiction of dominant discourses in relation to emergent, alternative and oppositional discourses in their writing. This thesis suggests that while Enid Blyton and Agatha Christie offer alternatives to the dominant patriarchal discourses of the British Empire in the first half of the twentieth century, they show allegiance, too, to the dominant discourses of their time. Specific consideration is given to the portrayal of discourses concerned with gender, feminism, classism, British colonialism, racism, and xenophobia in their writing. The work of Enid Blyton and Agatha Christie was extremely popular in their time and still is today. Their important contribution to popular literature in England in the early twentieth century justifies a study of a selection of their work in relation to detective fiction and children’s literature as well as to studies of social history that include the investigation of how dominant discourse is both endorsed and challenged. / Thesis (DLitt)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / English / unrestricted

The diploma work "The differences between perception of metonymy in photography and in movies from the perspective of reception aesthetics" deals with different uses of the figure of speech - metonymy - in visual communication. The metonymy is primarily used as an ornamental device of language expression. It is also distinguishable in purely visual information that is provided in photography and certain film shots. In visual communication, metonymy is also used for embellishing of the visual content or, at least, its correction. This work is focused especially on these examples of the use of metonymy that employ the method of reception aesthetics, which was up to now applied only to literary works. The subjects of interest of the reception aesthetics are so- called places of indeterminacy and the horizon of expectation which is also the focus of this work in addition to its main focus on metonymic expression in movies and photography. The first part of this work deals with the theory of the reception aesthetics and its main exponents. The second part deals with the relationship between the recipients and the media, specifically photography and movie. The last part of this work deals with the theory of rhetorical figures, particularly metonymy and its special form - synecdoche, and it's application...

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This study acknowledges that historical antipathies towards gay men have marginalised their theatrical representation in the past. However, over the last century a change has occurred in the social location of gay men in Canada (from being marginalised to being included). Given these changes, questions arise as to whether staged representations of gay men are still marginalised today. Given antipathies towards homosexuality and homophobia may contribute to the how theatres determine the riskiness of productions, my investigation sought a correlation between financial risk in theatrical production and the marginalisation of gay representations on stage. Furthermore, given that gay sex itself, and its representation on stage, have been theorised as loci of antipathies to gayness, I investigate the relationship between the visibility and overtness of gay sex in a given play and the production of that play’s proximity to the mainstream. The study located four plays from across the spectrum of production conditions (from high to low financial risk) in BC. Analysis of these four plays shows general trends, not only in the plays’ constructions but also in the material conditions of their productions that indicate that gay representations become more overt, visible and sexually explicit when less financial risk was at stake. Various factors are identified – including the development of the script, the producing theatre, venue, and promotion of the production – that shape gay representation. The analysis reveals that historical theatrical practices, that have had the effect of marginalizing the representations of gays in the past, are still in place. These practices appear more prevalent the higher the financial risk of the production. / The author would like to sincerely thank Ann Wilson, Ric Knowles, Matthew Hayday, Alan Shepard, Sky Gilbert, Daniel MacIvor, Michael Lewis MacLennan, Conrad Alexandrowicz, Chris Grignard, Edward Roy, Brad Fraser, Cole J. Alvis, Jonathan Seinan, David Oiye, Clinton Walker, Sean Cummings, Darrin Hagin, and Chris Galatchian. / SSHRC, The Heather McCallum Scholarship, Lambda Prize for achievement in lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans-gendered studies.