Abstract The aim of this thesis is to suggest a model to assist in the ability to judge access by private persons to Information Technology, IT, and to Public Information Sys-tems, PIS. It has its starting point in the Swedish Government´s endeavour to turn Sweden into the first information society for all. When the available statistics con-cerning the access to a PC and the Internet in Swedish homes are studied it is easy to think that this vision may soon be realised. Of course, access to the technical equipment is a fundamental condition in order to be able to use the Public Informa-tion Systems, but unfortunately, is not the only one. A number of studies have shown that it is not possible to equate possession and use. A number of access models or frameworks designed to judge whether or not a person has access to the ICTs do exist. However, it is my opinion that there is a de-ficiency in these models; they do not start out from the individual user´s prerequi-sites, but rather judge the external conditions available for possible access. Assisted by four empirical studies, interviews and questionnaires, a number of ac-cess barriers experienced by the users have been identified. The studies show that in addition to the technological hindrances, a series of more elusive ones also exist originating from prevailing norms and values in the environment the user lives in. The barriers are categorised into five groups; to have, to be able, to will, to may and to dare. Together these notions form the User Centred Access Model, UCAM, which is suggested for use in charting and communicating the necessary considera-tions that must be taken into account in the development of Public Information Sys-tems. KeywordsLanguage / PI - Publika Informationssystem

Examensarbete beskriver hur ett analysverktyg har skapats för materialförbrukningen på Motorunderhållsavdelningen på Volvo Aero Corporation. Analysverktyget tar fram snittlistor och inköpslistor till motorn PW100. Dokumentering vid skapandet av analysverktyget sker i sju delar. Genom att skapa ett analysverktyg kan de strategiska materialplanerarna på Volvo Aero lätt generera en snittlista eller en inköpslista som baseras på historisk data. Tidigare var de strategiska materialplanerana tvungna att beräkna snittlistor manuellt och mycket handpåläggning gjorde att resultatet inte alltid var pålitligt. En förstudie gjordes för att få en bättre inblick i den nuvarande organisationen och hur arbetet styrs på motorunderhållsavdelningen på Volvo Aero. Intervjuer utfördes löpande samtidigt som en litteraturstudie inom området logistik gjordes. Detta för att få tillräckligt med kunskap till att skapa ett analysverktyg utifrån behov. En kravspecifikation togs fram för att bestämma vad analysverktyget skall innehålla för funktioner. Eftersom en stor mängd data hanterades användes Microsoft Access. Data hämtades från databasen SAP. Analysverktyget är uppbygd i tre delar: 1. Snittlista: Visar den genomsnittliga förbrukningen av material för vald motortyp och underhållstyp. 2. Lagersaldo: Kontrollerar vad som finns i lager utifrån vald motortyp och underhållstyp. Nya och begagnade delar är valbara. 3. Inkommande material: Visar material som inte har levererats in utifrån vald motortyp och underhållstyp. Utifrån dessa tre delar skapades en inköpslista. Inköpslistan innehåller motortyp, materialnummer, materialbeskrivning, kvantitet, pris och ABC-klassifikation. Noggrannare listor kan tas fram vilket leder till minskad kapitalbindning och en förbättrad leveransservice. Resultatet blir mer faktabaserat eftersom tidigare historik uttnyttjas. / The thesis report describes the way of creating an analysis tool for material consumption at the department of engine service at Volvo Aero Corporation. The analysis tool generates average lists and purchase lists for PW100 engine. The documentation of the analysis tool is described in seven parts. By using the tool the structural material planner can in an easy manner generate lists that are based on earlier historical data. Instead of creating lists manually the material planner can gain more accurate lists much faster. Previously there were no fact based results in comparison with today. Pre studies were made to gain a better insight of the current organization and processes at the engine service department. Interviews with staff as well literature studies in the field of storage and spare parts manage has given possibilities to create an analysis tool. Plan of requirements were created to specify the features of the analysis tool. The program Microsoft Access was chosen due to the amout of data to construct the analysis tool. All information was brought from the database SAP. The analysis tool was built in three integrated parts: 1. Average list: shows the average consumption of material for selected engine and maintenance type. 2. Stock status: checks the stock for material for selected engine and maintenance type. New and used material is selectable. 3. Incoming material: shows incoming material that is undelivered for selected engine and maintenance type. By these three integrated parts the analysis tool generates a purchase list. The list contains engine type, material number, material description, quantity, price and ABC-classification. By implementing the analysis tool in the daily work purchases will be more accurate. Capital binding will decrease as well.

With the proliferation of mobile devices and the advance of audio/video coding technologies, there is an increasing demand to provide quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees for multimedia applications. A WLAN (wireless local are network) typically consists of an access point (AP) and a finite set of mobile stations. Since the AP is generally more powerful and less physical constraint than mobile stations, it is of great interest to consider the use of sectorized multi-beam antennas at the AP to boost the network throughput by exploiting the benefit of spatial reuse. IEEE 802.11 is current the de facto standard for WLANs. However, if we directly apply 802.11 to the WLAN with multi-beam AP without any modification, we will encounter many challenging problems. Although existing solutions modify the 802.11 DCF (distributed coordination function) to solve these problems, yet DCF does not provide any QoS support. On the basis of 802.11e HCCA (hybrid channel control access), in this thesis, we propose a novel MAC protocol, named MPCF (multi-beam AP-assisted point coordination function), which is not only backward compatible with DCF, but also supports QoS functionalities, including non-reversal prioritization, time-bounded reservation, admission control, and cross-layer rate adaptation for multimedia streaming. Simulation results show that, in terms of throughput, frame delay dropped rate, and energy throughput, MPCF significantly outperforms existing protocols even in imperfect beam-forming and mobility environments.

Open Access bezeichnet den Wunsch, wissenschaftliche Literatur und Materialien im Internet prinzipiell frei, d.h. kostenlos und ohne Lizenzbeschränkungen, zugänglich zu machen.

<p>In today’s society, people often find themselves in situations where they need to be identified;for example when we buy alcohol, need to use an ATM or log on to our e-mail account. The most common methods today that are used for these kinds of matters are antiquated, and in</p><p>the meantime, criminals all over the world get more sophisticated. Companies invest billions every day in order to protect their interests. Maybe it’s time that we finally give biometrics the</p><p>attention that it deserves.</p><p>This essay aims to describe the biometric methods that are available today, find some of the most effective when it comes to physical access and make a comparison. Face recognition and fingerprint scanning will be described more thoroughly. Pros and cons will be analyzed and the theory will be linked to interviews with three Swedish organisations.</p> / <p>I dagens samhälle hamnar vi människor regelbundet i situationer där vi blir tvungna att identifiera oss. Det kan till exempelvis vara när vi köper alkohol, tar ut pengar eller loggar in på vårt e-mailkonto. De vanligaste metoderna, som idag används för dessa identifieringar, har funnits länge och är föråldrade och i takt med detta blir brottslingar världen allt mer sofistikerade. Dagligen investerar företag världen över miljarder för att skydda exempelvis</p><p>data med hjälp av koder och andra mjukvaruinstallationer. Kanske är det istället dags för att vi ger biometrin en ordentlig chans.</p><p>Den här uppsatsen syftar till att redogöra för de biometriska säkerhetsmetoder som finns tillgängliga, identifiera några av de effektivaste när det gäller fysisk access och jämföra dessa med varandra. Det är framförallt ansiktsigenkänning och fingeravtrycksavläsning som kommer att ges mycket plats i studien. För- och nackdelar kommer att tas upp och teorin kommer att kopplas till intervjuer gjorda med tre svenska företag.</p>

Im Internet hat die Wissensgesellschaft des 21. Jahrhunderts ihr Medium der Zukunft gefunden. Aus der historischen Perspektive der Aufklärung ist die Menschheit dem Ziel näher denn je, möglichst vielen Menschen ungehinderten Zugang zu Information und Wissen zu verschaffen.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 74 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-74).

Traffic speed is generally considered a core issue in roadway safety. Previous studies show that faster travel is not necessarily associated with an increased risk of being involved in a crash. When vehicles travel at the same speed in the same direction (even high speeds, as on interstates), they are not passing one another and cannot collide as long as they maintain the same speed. Conversely, the frequency of crashes increases when vehicles are traveling at different rates of speed. There is no doubt that the greater speed variation is, the greater the number of interactions among vehicles is, resulting in higher crash potential. This research tries to identify all major factors that are associated with speed variation on multilane highways, including roadway access density, which is considered to be the most obvious contributing factor. In addition, other factors are considered for this purpose, such as configuration of speed limits, characteristics of traffic volume, geometrics of roadways, driver behavior, environmental factors, etc. A microscopic traffic simulation method based on TSIS (Traffic Software Integrated System) is used to develop mathematical models to quantify the impacts of all possible factors on speed variation.

Community Wireless Networks (CWNs) are a fairly new phenomenon. One of the first projects, NYC Wireless, started in 2001. These wireless initiatives are often a response to the lack of high-speed ubiquitous computing. Many of the first users, frustrated neighborhood “techies,” jerry rigged low cost WiFi antennas to rooftops and the side of buildings in order to access a high-speed broadband service. By doing this the wireless pioneers shared high speed wireless signals with neighbors and anyone within reach of their signal. As wireless computing became more popular, and it’s social and economic benefits more obvious, CWNs became an attractive alternative for many rural and low-income urban communities. Populations that had been overlooked by large cable and telephone service companies. The success of CWNs has paved the way for municipalities to build publicly supported wireless projects. Cable and telephone companies, major providers of broadband service, view municipal networks as unfair competition, and thus began the legislative battle over municipal wireless networks. The battle continues to wage. Cable and telephone companies have had some success at the state level and the federal debate is underway at this moment. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to understand the role Austin’s nonprofits play to ensure that high speed broadband access is made available for everyone and how lessons learned in Austin can be applied to other cities and locations around the country. The study found that Austin, compared to other cities of the same size, has a very small nonprofit community to addresses the issue of universal broadband access. Although the group is small, networking and mingling between community service organizations, the city government and wireless projects has created a community that effectively addresses the issue of high-speed access to the Internet. / text

Open access to scientific literature on Internet is a concept which is supposed to change librarians' work. The aim of the thesis was to examine librarians' perception of Open access. A questionnaire survey was conducted among librarians at libraries with specialisation in technique, natural sciences, medicine and pharmacy in Sweden. Even though Open access can be regarded as an alarming for librarians' work, the results of the survey showed that the future of the librarians' profession can be positive if they flexibly adopt their work routines according to changes in publication forms and library users' needs.