The adoption of the Digital Market Acts (DMA) marked a significant development in the direction of the European Union’s stronger approach to regulating its digital economy. This thesis sought to evaluate the European Union's structural power in the digital economy as well as the DMA’s potential impact on the future of the EU’s digital sovereignty policy. Through the use of qualitative content analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the European Union has extensive regulatory authority over technology companies that operate in its digital market. This power derives from Articles 2(2), 5, and 6 of the DMA, which provide the European Union authority to govern and manage data access and control in the digital market. The EU’s commitment to digital sovereignty, which promotes national authority over their digital infrastructure and data, is reflected in the DMA’s implementation. This thesis argues that the DMA signifies a shift in the right direction for encouraging fair competition and reducing digital market monopolies, regardless of concerns over the DMA’s influence on the European Union’s trade relations with the United States. This research suggests that the European Union has the potential to affect the structure of the global digital market and the behavior of digital companies.

This thesis is conducted as a descriptive single case study to establish empirical knowledge regarding how securitisation is expressed in discourse by the Swedish policymaking elite, in other words “securitising actors”. The thesis takes an ontological approach of interpretivism with a theoretical approach of securitisation theory. Further, by utilising a methodological approach of an inductive method to empirically analyse 44 collected speeches from Folk och Försvars annual national conference and the annual foreign declaration in order to analyse what prominent themes emerged from the discourse. The analysis was conducted through a discourse analysis by applying two analytically driven questions derived from securitisation theory. This is in order to analyse how securitisation was expressed by the securitising actors, and what motivating factors could be identified for the shift from non-alignment to military-alignment in Swedish foreign and security policy. The result of the analysis indicated that with an ongoing security concern in Sweden’s immediate neighbourhood, securitisation was expressed as focusing on an increased national defence. Along with indicating a conflict of interests in Swedish foreign and security policy through the conflict of ideals and interests by breaking Sweden’s long-term tradition of military non-alignment. By this, this thesis aims to contribute to knowledge and to the overarching literature pertaining to discourse and shifts in Swedish foreign and security policy.

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Dialogue act (DA) classification is an important step in the process of developing dialog systems. DA classification is a problem usually solved by supervised machine learning (ML) approaches that all require hand labeled data. Since hand labeling data is a resource-intensive task, many have proposed to focus on unsupervised or semi-supervised ML approaches to solve the problem of DA classification. This master’s thesis explores a novel method for semi-supervised approach to DA classification: K-Means+HMM. The method combines K- Means and Hidden Markov Model (HMM) modeling in addition to abstracting away the words in the utterances to their part-of-speech (POS) tags and the utterances to their cluster labels produced by K-Means prior to HMM training. The focus are the following hypotheses: H1) incorporating context of the utterances leads to better results (HMM is a method specifically used for sequential data and thus incorporates context, while K-Means does not); H2) increasing the number of clusters in K-Means+HMM leads to better results; H3) increasing the number of examples of cluster labels and hand labeled DAs pairs in K-Means+HMM leads to better results (the examples of pairs are used to create the emission probabilities used to define the HMM). One of the conclusions is that K-Means performs better than K-Means+HMM (the result for K-Means measured with one-to-one accuracy is 35.0%, while the result for K-Means+HMM is 31.6%) given 14 clusters and one example pair. However, when the number of examples is increased to 15 the result is 40.5% for K-Means+HMM; the biggest improvement is when the number of examples is increased to 20 resulting in 44% one-to-one accuracy. That is, K-Means+HMM outperforms K-Means provided that a certain number of examples is given. Another conclusion is that the number of examples has a much larger impact on the results - compared to the number of clusters - thus perhaps concluding that the statement “there is no data like labeled data” holds. / Klassificering av dialoghandlingar är ett viktigt steg i processen för utveckling av dialogsystem. Klassificering av dialoghandlingar är ett problem som vanligtvis löses med hjälp av övervakade maskininlärningsmetoder som alla behöver uppmärkt data. Eftersom uppmärkning av data är en resurskrävande uppgift har många föreslagit att fokusera på oövervakade eller delvis övervakade maskininlärningsmetoder för att lösa problemet av klassificering av dialoghandlingar. Denna masteruppsats utforskar en ny delvis övervakad maskininläningsmetod för klassificering av dialoghandlingar: K-Means+HMM. Föru- tom att metoden kombinerar K-Means och Hidden Markiv Model (HMM) modellering, abstraheras orden i yttranden till deras ordklasstaggar och yttranden till deras klusteretiketter som produceras av K-Means före HMM träningen. Projektets fokus är följande tre hypoteser: H1) en intergration av yttrandenas kontext leder till ett bättre resultat (HMM är en metod som används specifikt för sekventiell data och den integrerar således kontexten, medan K-Means gör inte det); H2) ökning av antalet kluster i K- Means+HMM leder till bättre resultat; H3) ökning av antalet exempel av par av klusteretiketter och dialoghandligar uppmärkta för hand i K- Means+HMM leder till bättre resultat (parexemplen används för att skapa emissionssannolikheter som definierar HMM). En av slutsatserna är att K-Means presterar bättre än K-Means+HMM (resultatet för K-means mätt med en-till-en noggrannhet är 35,0%, medan resultatet för K-Means+HMM är 31,6%) givet 14 kluster och ett exempelpar. Däremot, när antalet av exempelpar ökar till 15 ökar resultatet för K-Means+HMM till 40,5%. Den största ökningen är när antalet exempelpar är 20, vilket ger ett resulat på 44% en-till-en noggrannhet. Med andra ord, presterar K-Means+HMM bätre än K-Means då att ett visst antal exempelpar är tillgängligt. En annan slutsats är att antalet av exempelpar har en mycket större effekt på resultaten jämfört med antalet kluster, vilket då möjligtvis leder till slutsatsen att “det finns ingen bättre data än uppmärkt data”.

Symphonic Prayers is a work for orchestra and soprano soloist in four movements. The work uses four poems from Rainer Maria Rilke's collection Das Stundenbuch (The Book of Hours), written between 1895 and 1903. Rilke was a Bohemian poet, mystic, traveler, and lover of art and nature. He narrates The Book of Hours through a fictional Russian monk who converses with God and reflects upon the nature of the world through the poetry. Rilke's poems delicately weave together the joys and struggles of a faith journey and of finding one's place in the world and in eternity. Equally striking is the beauty with which he utilizes the German language. There is an irresistible rhythm and nuance to his words. The four poems I chose each reflect a different category of prayer derived from the Christian faith tradition. A common prayer model utilized in the Protestant church is abbreviated by the acronym "ACTS," which stands for adoration, confession, thanksgiving and supplication. The ACTS prayers guide the worshipper through four methods of praying: expressing adoration for God, confessing sins and shortcomings, showing gratitude and thanksgiving, and asking for help for oneself and others. I modeled each movement of Symphonic Prayers after these categories and chose poems from Das Stundenbuch that mirrored the sentiments of each prayer. Adoration is a proclamation of faith, a statement of unrelenting praise and prayer. The narrator unapologetically declares that even if it begets arrogance, nothing will diminish his drive to reach out to God. Even through this bold statement, the poem maintains reverence and a sense of wonder toward its subject. Confession is a statement of the brokenness of the world, recounting how murder has ripped through God's call for us to love life, and how our attempts to atone for this brokenness fall short. Thanksgiving is a boisterous statement of praise to God. The speaker analogizes her praise to trumpet calls, her words to sweet wine, and her music to a northern spring day, each preparing the way for God. Supplication returns to the reverence of the first movement. The narrator contemplates her life that is ever circling around God. The accompanying monograph explains the ACTS prayers in the context of the Reformed Church of America, both historically and currently. It presents an analysis of the four Rilke poems selected to represent the ACTS prayers, including their narrative meaning, their relationship to Das Stundenbuch, their translations, and a close examination of their poetic features, such as prosody, meter, and rhyme. The discussion of the poems also required some background on Rilke's faith journey and artistic maturation. The monograph also addresses musical text setting in a broader sense by recounting some historical philosophies of textual and musical relationships and explaining where the composer's ideologies fall within the larger framework. Finally, it presents a musical analysis of Symphonic Prayers in relation to the text setting of the four poems, including an explanation of its harmonic structure, which is derived from Olivier Messiaen's modes of limited transposition. The compositional goal of Symphonic Prayers was to create a work that would honor the ACTS prayers through the elegant words of a mystic poet. The music reinforces the messages behind Rilke's honest conversations with God, and in doing so offers a new lens through which to experience the arc of the ACTS prayers. / Music Composition / Accompanied by one .pdf score: Symphonic Prayers for Orchestra and Soprano Soloist.

This dissertation examines Luke's use of kyrios within his narratives of the Gospel and the Acts of the Apostles. Luke reached back into the common religious cultural context of the early Christians where he obtained his understanding of kyrios as Yahweh from the Greek Jewish Scriptures (Chapter 1). When Luke and his Jewish audience heard kyrios, they first understood it to mean Yahweh. Luke was also writing in the larger cultural context of the Greco-Roman world and the Roman Empire, which was pervasively informed by the imperial cult (Chapter 2). Luke and his Greco-Roman audience (including his Jewish audience) instinctively recognized that kyrios' most obvious Greco-Roman referent was the emperor. Based on these identities of kyrios, Luke used his Gospel as the narrative canvas on which to develop and progressively reveal the identity of Jesus as Yahweh because he is kyrios (Chapter 3). Luke then took this established identity and made an overt political claim that Jesus is superior to the emperor as a god because he is Lord of all (Chapter 4). Luke's narrative agenda not only embraced the Jewish roots from which Christianity was born, it also challenged the environment in which it would thrive and ultimately triumph. For Luke, the identity of Jesus was profoundly clear. Jesus was Yahweh, the Lord God of Israel, born a human being and as such he explicitly replaced Caesar as Lord of all. / Religion

Four oracles appear in Jeremiah 21:11-23:8 detailing the failure and future of the final kings in Judah, also known as the King Collection. The final oracle against Jehoiachin (he also appears with the names Coniah / Jeconiah) precedes the announcement of the unnamed new Davidide, the Branch. The oracle against Jehoiachin appears to be unique, involving no stipulations of covenant wrongdoing, a feature of Deuteronomistic criticism of the kingship since Solomon. He is one of the most unremarkable kings in Israelite history. Yet, he is the concluding figure in both the Greek (Septuagint or LXX) and Hebrew (Masoretic Text or MT) versions of Jeremiah's King Collection, a significant change from the accounts in Kings and Chronicles. He occupies an important place in Josephus's attempts to sketch the ideal Israelite king, respectful of Roman rule. He is important to the rabbis in developing an atonement theory of the exile. In the New Testament, he appears in Matthew's genealogy of Jesus, while the other kings from the King Collection disappear. The Epistle to the Hebrews may adopt similar ideas in developing the analogy of Melchizedek, another insignificant king in Israel's history, as a precursor to Jesus. Ideas developed from the flow of the oracle in the text of Jeremiah, shaped by the polemics of exile, appear in the Acts of the Apostles' casting of Jesus' spiritual kingship on the world's stage. Precritical Jewish and Christian exegesis adopted a harmonizing approach to the oracle, importing reasons from the Deuteronomistic History and the Chronicler for its harsh judgment. Yet discussion of the oracle and its significance in the construction of the figure of Jehoiachin in Jeremiah has all but disappeared from critical scholarship following the groundbreaking work of Bernhard Duhm. Early critical scholarship, while correcting many of the mistakes of precritical exegetes, followed the new Protestant confessionalism of the 19th century. Michel Foucault locates the loss of the theology of the cross as this decisive turn in interpretive methodology. This turn caused modern Protestant interpreters, who are mainly responsible for the foundations of modern critical studies in Jeremiah, to devalue disempowered kings in Israel's history, one of the most important hermeneutical categories in classical Jewish literature, according to Yair Lorberbaum. Thus, Bernhard Duhm, and later scholarship that builds on his work, missed the significance of this oracle in the textual function of the book of Jeremiah and its polemical significance in the debates between post-exile groups of Judeans. Gerhard von Rad, in his revision of Martin Noth's theory of the Deuteronomistic History, saw the importance of Jehoiachin as a source of hope for a renewed Israel. Jack Lundbom most recently observed the development of an oracular frame moving from the center outward in which the oracle against Jehoiachin appears. Yet, to date, little work has appeared on the way the canonical form of Jeremiah frames Jehoiachin and its effect on Jeremiah's end to the DtrH. To make sense of it, we must account for what appears to be an unfulfilled prophecy in Jeremiah 22, as recorded by Jehoiachin's treatment in Jeremiah 52 where, against the expectation of the oracle, the Jewish king again appears on the world stage. Mark Roncace has written extensively on how this type of prophecy functions in the book of Jeremiah. Speech-act theory, as proposed originally by J. L. Austin, and refined by his protégé, John Searle, provides further insight into this issue. Building on the scholarship of von Rad, Lundbom, Mark Leuchter and several other scholars of the sociopolitical forces in the production of biblical texts in exile, we will reconstruct the remarkably adaptable prophetic frame developed in exile around Jehoiachin and his oracle, which set the stage for a return of a Jewish king to the world stage. / Religion

This study brings excerpts from the Acts of Thomas (Act 1.11-16 and Act 3.30-33) together with two Buddhist jātakas (Udaya Jātaka - #458 and Visavanta Jātaka -#69) to consider how stories might have been transmitted in the early centuries of the common era in a milieu of mercantile exchange on the Indian Ocean. The Acts of Thomas is a 3rd century CE Syriac Christian text concerned with the apostle Thomas proselytizing in India. The jātakas are popular didactic narratives with a pronounced oral dimension that purport to be accounts of the Buddha’s previous lives. Syriac Christians possessed knowledge about Indian religious practices linked to renunciation, and it is plausible that they adapted Buddhist jātakas to convey Christian ideas in the account of Thomas journeying to India and converting people there. Epigraphic evidence from the western Deccan in India attests to yavana, or Greek, patronage of Buddhist institutions in cosmopolitan settings where ideas and commodities circulated. Against the grain in scholarship on early Christianity that tends to privilege Latin and Greek sources, this project moves the lens of analysis eastward to consider Indian influence on early Christianity as expressed in the Acts of Thomas. A literary comparison of the texts under consideration with reference to the historical and cultural context of exchange reveals similar models of renunciant practices in Buddhism and Christianity that establishes new grounds for consideration of interconnectivity across ‘East’ and ‘West.’ / Religion

Syftet med studien var att undersöka förekomsten av arbetsplatsmobbning mot HR-anställda, samt om det fanns några könsrelaterade skillnader gällande tendensen att fallaoffer för arbetsplatsmobbning. Sammanlagt kontaktades 300 organisationer genom ettsystematiskt urval och 58 enkätsvar samlades in. En svensk översättning av verktygetNAQ-R (Rosander & Blomberg, 2018) användes för att identifiera respondenter utsatta förarbetsplatsmobbning. Av de 58 svar som samlades in hade två (3%) respondenter blivitutsatta för arbetsplatsmobbning. Detta var en lägre siffra än vad som tidigare forskningrapporterat inom den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Analys genom användning av MannWhitney U-test visade att det inte fanns några signifikanta könsrelaterade skillnader. Vårslutsats är därför att det inom HR-yrket är ovanligare att falla offer för arbetsplatsmobbningän i det svenska arbetslivet i stort, och att det inte finns några könsrelaterade skillnadergällande tendensen att falla offer för arbetsplatsmobbning inom HR-yrket.