This essay shows how administrators in two different organizations are experiencing freedom of action in their work situation. The essay is made based on a qualitative method and interviews were used to implement the study. People chosen for this study are four administrators at a governmentagency - the Social Insurance agency, and four municipal officers from different Social service offices in southern Sweden. The theoretical framework consists of Weber's theory of bureaucracy, and his discussion of the legal authority. The analysis is designed as adiscussion of the parts that were especially prominent during the interviews. These parts were, for example, professional role, controland cooperation. The results show the complicated relationship that emerges when discussing the concept ofdiscretion. The experience of a wide discretion generally indicatesthe opposite, namely that it is regulated in different ways. The main reason for this appears to be extensive control functions andorganizational impact. / Författaren till den här uppsatsen har valt att belysa hur handläggare inom två olika verksamheter tolkar sitt handlingsutrymme. Uppsatsen är av kvalitativ ansats och metoden som har använts är intervjuer, fyra stycken på en statlig myndighet - Försäkringskassan, samt fyra stycken på kommunala myndigheter vid fyra olika socialkontor i södra Sverige. Urvalet har baserats på handläggare som arbetar med ekonomiskt bistånd i någon form. På Försäkringskassan arbetarhandläggarna inom sjukförsäkringssystemet.  På socialkontoren är det handläggare inom försörjningsstöd som deltagit. Den teoretiska referensramen har utgjorts av i huvudsak Webers byråkratibegrepp samt hans tankar kring den legala auktoriteten. Analysen är utformad som en diskussion kring de delar som visat sig vara särskilt centrala under intervjuerna. Dessa delar har varit bland annat tjänstemannarollen, myndighetsutövande och samverkan. Resultatet visar på det komplexa förhållande som framkommer hoshandläggarna då man diskuterar begreppet handlingsutrymme. Upplevelsen av ett stort handlingsutrymme pekar i flera fall ofta påmotsatsen, nämligen att det handlingsutrymme man har är väldigt reglerat på olika vis. Bland annat på grund av flertalet kontrollfunktioner och den organisatoriska påverkan som kan sägas inskränka på handläggarnas möjligheter att fatta beslut. Dock finns det tendenser som visar på att man kan konstruera sitt handlingsutrymme genom att lägga olika stort fokus på arbetets olika delar.

According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education in 2006, there were about 1,000 students educated in more than 10 institutes of the arts administration field in Taiwan. Most of these institutes are in graduated level. However, in a survey of 517 full-time arts administrators of performing arts groups published by Council of Culture Affairs in 2007 showed there were only about 15% of them with master degrees. Besides personal interests of these administrators, this research want to clarify the situation: if these arts administrators have any other special personalities or abilities; therefore, if there are some differences between arts administrators¡¦ competencies of performing arts groups¡¦ requirements and the academic training of the arts administration and management. The researcher has approached this problem in three directions: the curriculum designs of the related master programs, the ideal competencies from literature review, and the interview with four personnel managers of performing arts cultivation teams. The analysis and comparison are done by this triangulation. The study finds that there are 32 competencies suggested by the past studies, and 30 important competencies are mentioned by the performing arts groups. On the other hand, the schools¡¦ courses can only cultivate 12 competencies, required by the performing arts groups. The result shows that the related master programs are more concentrated on visible competencies than hidden ones. They all can be improved to meet the working field required. Key words: performing arts group, arts administrator, curriculum design, hidden competency, visible competency

This thesis is about women arts administrators in Taiwan. From the general researches about arts administration, we found in Taiwan, most workers in this occupation are women, though we lack of research to know why women choose this occupation and how do they consider when making a career decision. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present the workers¡¦ aspects, their real conditions on arts administration, and to figure out the gender facts influence in those women¡¦s career choice process. The study use case study method, eight cases were from different performance groups, including dance, music, theater, traditional theater and arts booking company. Each of them has at least four and half years working experiences on this field. The research findings will answer three major questions: 1.How and why do these women choose to be an arts administrator. 2.The features of arts administration. 3. How will this job influence personal lives? In the study I found in Taiwan, to be arts administrator does not need special degree or backgrounds, it require more on personalities and characteristics. It is not a high-level entrance occupation and it cannot afford good working conditions. Interest of arts is the major reason to be an arts administrator, in my case studies, there was no one mention about the salaries, the promotion or the welfare at first. In performing arts groups, women workers are more focus on human relations, working atmosphere. They like and enjoy more flexible working institution and more coequal relationship between co-workers. I concluded that on career choice process, gender factors do influence women to choose arts administration as an occupation, although the degree is hard to define in this study. It is also an important factor while explaining why arts administration becomes a woman dominance occupation. This thesis divided into five chapters. Chapter1: Introduction. Chapter2: Literary review. Chapter3: Research methods. Chapter4: Research findings. Chapter 5: Conclusion and discussion.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of West Florida, 2009. / Submitted to the Division of Teacher Education. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 185 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Mokesčių administratorius, rinkdamas mokesčius, gana dažnais susiduria su pajamų slėpimu, kuris pasireiškia darbo užmokesčio mokėjimu „vokeliuose“, apsimestinių sandorių sudarymu ir vykdomos ekonominės veiklos slėpimu ir pan. Kovojant su šiuo reiškiniu, sukurta teisinė bazė, numatanti priemonės ir būdus (šaltinius), kurie padeda mokesčių administratoriui nustatyti realias gyventojų pajamas. Tačiau, ar ta teisinė bazė yra pakankama ir ar mokesčių administratorius turi užtektinai priemonių ir būdų (šaltinių), autorė ir bando atskleisti savo magistro darbe. Autorė magistro darbe daugiausia remiasi Lietuvos Respublikos teisės aktais ir tik fragmentiškai vadovaujasi ES teisės aktais, teismų praktika ir negausia moksline literatūra. Temos analizė plėtojama sisteminės analizės, lingvistinio, apibendrinimo ir teisinių dokumentų analizės metodų pagalba. Šiame magistro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjami duomenų gavimo apie gyventojų pajamas ir išlaidas teisiniai pagrindai, duomenų šaltiniai, pateikiami mokesčių administratoriaus gaunami duomenys apie gyventojų pajamas ir išlaidas, aptariamas duomenų apie gyventojų išlaidas reikšmingumas gyventojų pajamų nustatymui. Be to, analizuojami Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo nario Jono Rimanto Dagio pateiktų Lietuvos Respublikos gyventojų turto deklaravimo įstatymo pakeitimo įstatymo projektų, kuriais jis siūlo įvesti visuotinį turto deklaravimą, ir Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo nario Jurgio Razmos pasiūlymo įvesti visuotinį turto, pajamų ir išlaidų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Tax administrator while gathering taxes quite often faces undeclared income. Sometimes the remuneration is paid illegally in “envelopes”, artificial transactions are concluded, economical activity is hided and etc. In order to control such abuses the legal base, which settles measures and methods (data) for tax administrator determine real income of individual, is created. However, there still is a doubt, if this legal base is effective enough and does tax administrator have enough measures and methods (data) to control income of individuals. Thus these questions are being tried to disclose by the author in the final master‘s work. The author in the final master‘s work mostly refers to the legal acts of Republic of Lithuania and only in fragmentary way follows the legal acts of European Union, case law and scanty scientific literature. The analysis of the theme is developed by systematic analysis, linguistic, conclusion and analysis of the legal documents methods. In this final master‘s work the legal bases of receiving individuals‘ income and expenses data, the sources of data are analysed, individuals‘ income and expenses data, received by tax administrator is presented. The importance of the individuals‘ expenses data in case to determine individuals‘ income is discussed in this final master‘s work as well. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of the Drafts of Amendment of the Law on Individuals‘ Property Declaration, submitted by member of Parliament of... [to full text]

Įmonių bankroto administratorius yra vienas iš svarbiausių bankroto proceso dalyvių, nuo kurio tinkamo funkcijų ir pareigų vykdymo priklauso viso bankroto proceso sklandumas bei skaidrumas, bankrutuojančios įmonės ir jos kreditorių teisių ir teisėtų interesų apgynimas, įmonės turto išsaugojimas bei kreditorių reikalavimų patenkinimo užtikrinimas. Iškėlus įmonei bankroto bylą, administratorius užima bankrutuojančios įmonės valdymo organo statusą, perima įmonės turtą bei visus jos įgaliojimus, tampa šios įmonės valdytoju ir atstovu teisme, kreditorių susirinkime ar sudarant sandorius, kai įmonė tęsia ūkinę komercinę veiklą. Dėl ypatingo savo statuso bankroto procese ir suteiktų plačių įgaliojimų administratorius privalo būti itin atidus ir rūpestingas, nešališkas ir nepriklausomas, veikti tik įstatymo jam suteiktos kompetencijos ribose, vadovautis profesionalumo, efektyvumo, interesų pusiausvyros, sąžiningumo, teisingumo principais. Administratoriui, pažeidusiam įstatymu jam suteiktų funkcijų vykdymą ar sukėlusiam žalą bankrutuojančiai įmonei ar jos kreditoriams, kyla atitinkamos teisinės pasekmės. Magistro baigiamojo darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti bankroto administratoriaus teisinį statusą bei su jo atsakomybe susijusius probleminius aspektus. Todėl šiame darbe siekta atskleisti bankroto administratoriaus vaidmenį bei reikšmę įmonių bankroto procese, jo sampratos raidos analizę bei teisinio statuso teorijas. Darbe taip pat atskleidžiamas bankroto administratoriaus teisinis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The bankruptcy administrator is one of the most important party in bankruptcy process of the company. The bankruptcy fluency and clarity, also the protection of the company‘s asset and it‘s creditors legal interests depends on bankruptcy administrator proper activity. Administrator takes all the company‘s asset and it‘s management since the court adopt a decision to take bankruptcy proceedings for the company. Then administrator becomes a manager of the company and it‘s representative at the court, creditor‘s meetings and in the cases of making some contracts when the company continues it‘s commercial activity. Because of the specific administrator status and his wide power of attorney, administrator must be especially attentive and careful, impartial and independent, he has a duty to act in compliance with principles of professionality, efficiency, honesty, rightness and must seek the balance between the company and creditors interests in every stage of the bankruptcy. If administrator violates his functions or causes the losses for the company or creditors, he must assume adequate legal consequences for such kind of actions. The purpose of this master thesis is to analyze the status of the bankruptcy administrator and the main problematic issues related to his liability. Because of this reason, the author trys to reveal the role and value of bankruptcy administrator, the analysis of the evolution of his conception and the theories of administrator legal status... [to full text]

In the 40th Annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll of the Public’s Attitudes toward the Public Schools, Americans rated discipline as the second largest problem facing public education (Bushaw & Gallup, 2008). This poses a substantial problem for administrators as they strive to employ school reform policies, address public demands and meet the needs of contemporary students. A review of literature revealed a large body of research which examines disciplinary practice; however, it also showcased a literary gap regarding administrative disciplinary philosophies. This multiple case study highlights disciplinary philosophies possessed by five secondary school administrators. Analysis included utilizing the Administrator Discipline Facilitation Continuum; an adapted discipline continuum developed to analyze administrator disciplinary philosophies. The versatility of the continuum is discussed, as well as implications for its use and future development.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at El Paso, 2008. / Title from title screen. Vita. CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1974. / Title from title page screen, viewed Nov. 3, 2004. Dissertation Committee: J.H. McGrath (chair), Eugene Fitzpatrick, Ronald Laymon, Clinton Bunke, Elwood Egelston. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-107) and abstract.