No description available.

Interest in the implementation of AGV-systems (Automated Guided Vehicle) has in recent decades increased. The reason is that it allows companies to perform reliably and secure internal transport while reducing the need of personnel. It is one of todays most advanced and complex material handling system that can independently make their own decisions regarding flow paths and traffic control. An AGV-system consists of transport units carrying cargo from point A to point B, and communicates using a computer. The purpose of this study is to develop a model on how to proceed in order to design an AGV system in heavy industry. The model is tested by a case study of a company in the metal industry to determine if the model works and gives the correct result. Relevant literature has been collected through scientific articles, books. In order to find relevant information, a flow mapping on Billet preparation of Sandvik AB was performed. The information was summarized in a situation analysis. In order to design the AGV system, we found that analytical approach and simulation was according to the literature's most successful approaches. By using these methods in the theoretical model and adjust their performance against one another the results from the model should be a sufficiently accurate reflection of the design needed to serve the Billet preparation.

Ökande behov av vård i dagens samhälle kräver ett väl utvecklat transportsystem för en effektiv vård. För att en god vård räcker det inte bara utveckla vår hälsovård, utan det måste också utveckla transportsystem och materialflöde inom sjukhuset. Undersökningsobjektet av denna studie är transportsystem i Södersjukhuset, där i nuläget all transport sker i korridorerna via förarstyrda truckar. Korridorer är de mest besökta rummen i sjukhusen. Det är således viktigt att se till att ha en trygg och trivsam miljö i korridorerna. Därför krävs det tillsyn till en hel del normer och bestämmelser som framförallt boverket ställer på dessa byggnader. I detta arbete har kulvertarna (korridorerna) på Södersjukhuset undersökts. Syftet med detta arbete är att i huvudsak undersöka om de nuvarande kulvertarna är anpassade till AVG - systemet (automatiserade vagnar). En besiktning har genomförts på kulvertarna, samt en beskrivning av det nuvarande skiktet och de brister som råder utifrån ett brand- och akustiskt perspektiv. Åtgärdsförslag och rekommendationer vid renovering av kulvertarna har också tagits upp. Infrastruktur, ekonomi, säkerhet, teknik och kompetens är de faktorer som skall ha betydelse för anpassning av AGV system. På grund av patienttransport i kulverten och nuvarande hissarnas kapasitet samt transportrutiner finns det ingen chans att anpassa det amerikanska AGV systemet som används på Huddinge sjukhuset, i Södersjukhuset. Vid avlägsning av patienttransport i kulverten samt öking av hissarnas kapasitet kan AVG systemet, JBTC Guided Vehicle [ Type 2], anpassas på Södrasjukhuset. Rapporten innehåller även en inventering av korridorernas tekniska status och förslag på hur de skulle kunna renoveras för att bli en trevligare miljö för besökare och personal. / An increasing need of health care in today's society requires a well-developed transportation system for an effective health care. A good health needs developed transport system for materials within the hospital. The study object of this study is the transport system in Söder Hospital. Currently all transports takes place in the corridors through the driver-controlled trucks. The purpose of this report is to examine whether corridors in south hospital are adaptable to the AGV system and how reconstruction should be carried out in order to be adaptable to the new health care transport system. Corridors are the most visited rooms in hospitals. Thus, it is important to be sure to have a safe and enjoyable environment in the corridors. This requires the supervision of a lot of standards and regulations especially Boverket place on these buildings. In this work, the culverts of Södersjukhuset have been investigated. The purpose of this work is to study whether the current culverts are adapted to the AVG system (automated carts). Examination has been done in the culverts, and a description of the current layer and the gaps that exist from a fire and acoustic perspective. Proposed measures and recommendations for the renovation of culverts have also been raised in this study. Infrastructure, economy, security, technology and skills of personals are the factors that will be important for the adaptation of AGV systems in the Söder hospital. Currently, because of patient transport in the culvert and the limited capacity of elevators in Söder hospital, there is no chance to adjust the American AGV system, which is used at Huddinge Hospital Removal of patient transport in culvert and increasing the capacity of elevators in Söder hospital allows using of AVG system type JBTC Guided Vehicle [Type 2] in Söder hospital. The report also includes an inventory over the technical state of the corridors and propsals about how to renovate them for getting a more pleasant environment for visitors and the personel.

Logistics plays a crucial role in companies’ ability to sustain competitive on the market. Time is regarded as one of the important metric in terms of logistics, since time influences the lead time of the products, which results in the vital advantage of speed. The recent business environment forces Kinnarps Production AB, a manufacturer of furniture, to optimize their inventory material flow in a way of increasing their capability and capacity to load more distribution containers with goods daily. The present circumstances of the material flow are associated with number of negative factors. An automated guided vehicle (AGV) system is operating and handling the distribution of goods. Wrong sequence of activities, long transportations, high transportation delays, waiting time, varying numbers of AGVs, wastes, bottlenecks are among the important issues to be considered. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the material flow in Kinnarps Production AB’s inventory seven and to improve the AGV system activities within. Concepts associated with identifying waste were used by separating value-adding activities from the non-value added ones. The usage of ideal reference systems techniques were the base for identifying problems. Concrete literature regarding AGV’s design system was applied in establishing different statements about the material flow and identification of problems. Different methods and techniques were used in approaching the research, but most above others is the case study approach. Numerous amounts of secondary data have been employed in verifying the collection of other data carried out by primary data collection as well as verifying the qualitative and quantitative analysis. A mapping of the current system was established with respect to orders, times and distances. Numbers of congestion points were identified, non-value adding activities were eliminated or decreased, rearrangement of sequencing of different activities was considered and different pallets arrangement system was established. A stochastic model was used in identifying the AGV’s time variables in the system and estimating appropriate amount of AGVs within the inventory. All the findings from different calculations and estimations were associated with Kinnarps Production’s future increased demand. Different issues and considerations were analyzed and appropriate suggestions were given for elimination of the negative factors in the inventory or their decrease. Among the most influencing results was the proper amount of AGVs in the inventory area, pallets rearrangement, different stocking policy, rearrangement in the sequence of activities, increase of the buffer for pallets used for loading containers, new conveyor system for the incoming goods in the inventory, transportation layout changes resulting in blocking free routines, separate control system, decrease of the effect of stoppages. All these findings are considered to optimize the material flow and increase the system capacity contributing to an increase of the daily containers outgoing from Kinnarps Production AB.

<p>Logistics plays a crucial role in companies’ ability to sustain competitive on the market. Time is regarded as one of the important metric in terms of logistics, since time influences the lead time of the products, which results in the vital advantage of speed. The recent business environment forces Kinnarps Production AB, a manufacturer of furniture, to optimize their inventory material flow in a way of increasing their capability and capacity to load more distribution containers with goods daily. The present circumstances of the material flow are associated with number of negative factors. An automated guided vehicle (AGV) system is operating and handling the distribution of goods. Wrong sequence of activities, long transportations, high transportation delays, waiting time, varying numbers of AGVs, wastes, bottlenecks are among the important issues to be considered.</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the material flow in Kinnarps Production AB’s inventory seven and to improve the AGV system activities within.</p><p>Concepts associated with identifying waste were used by separating value-adding activities from the non-value added ones. The usage of ideal reference systems techniques were the base for identifying problems. Concrete literature regarding AGV’s design system was applied in establishing different statements about the material flow and identification of problems. Different methods and techniques were used in approaching the research, but most above others is the case study approach. Numerous amounts of secondary data have been employed in verifying the collection of other data carried out by primary data collection as well as verifying the qualitative and quantitative analysis.</p><p>A mapping of the current system was established with respect to orders, times and distances. Numbers of congestion points were identified, non-value adding activities were eliminated or decreased, rearrangement of sequencing of different activities was considered and different pallets arrangement system was established. A stochastic model was used in identifying the AGV’s time variables in the system and estimating appropriate amount of AGVs within the inventory.</p><p>All the findings from different calculations and estimations were associated with Kinnarps Production’s future increased demand. Different issues and considerations were analyzed and appropriate suggestions were given for elimination of the negative factors in the inventory or their decrease. Among the most influencing results was the proper amount of AGVs in the inventory area, pallets rearrangement, different stocking policy, rearrangement in the sequence of activities, increase of the buffer for pallets used for loading containers, new conveyor system for the incoming goods in the inventory, transportation layout changes resulting in blocking free routines, separate control system, decrease of the effect of stoppages. All these findings are considered to optimize the material flow and increase the system capacity contributing to an increase of the daily containers outgoing from Kinnarps Production AB.</p>

Scania är ett företag verksamt inom fordonsindustrin och är en tillverkare av lastbilar, bussar och motorer. Fordonsindustrin står inför en förändring och Scania vill vara drivande i utvecklingen. För att kunna vara det ställs krav på flexibilitet i produktionen och i denna studie har Scanias bakaxelmontering undersökts. I dagsläget används gaffeltruckar i stor utsträckning för att transportera artiklar mellan lager, plockområde och produktionslina, vilket begränsar utformningen av plockområdet. En introduktion av Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) möjliggör en mer flexibel utformning. Studien syftar till att utvärdera AGV:er som transportelement för lastbärare. För att göra det undersöks det hur tre olika typer av AGV:er påverkar tiden med artikelbrist vid produktionslinan relativt antal som används samt hur dessa utnyttjas. Vidare undersöks det hur olika egenskaper i ett AGV-system påverkar kötiden för transporter. Egenskaperna som undersöks är AGV:ernas hastighet, av- och pålastningstid, laddningstid och batteritid. Systemet som undersöks i studien är en del av ett produktionsområde efter en planerad ombyggnation och inga jämförelser kommer göras med systemet innan ombyggnation. En simuleringsmodell har tagits fram i ExtendSim och genom den har experiment utförts för att besvara syftet. I studien har två olika typer av experiment utförts, dels experiment där antalet AGV:er var den experimentella faktorn, dels experiment enligt faktordesign där AGV-systemets egenskaper var de experimentella faktorerna. Resultaten från experimenten visar att när antalet AGV:er ökar till en viss gräns, minskar tiden med brist vid produktionslinan och funktionen för dynamisk laddning kan utnyttjas i högre grad. Utöver detta visar resultatet från experimenten enligt faktordesign att batteritid är den enskilt viktigaste egenskapen enligt de förutsättningar experimenten utfördes under. Därefter var AGV:ernas genomsnittliga hastighet den viktigaste egenskapen följt av laddningstid och av- och pålastningstid. Slutsatsen är att när antalet AGV:er ökar, minskar tiden med brist för upp till sex AGV:er av typ 1 och typ 2 samt åtta AGV:er av typ 3. Utnyttjandegraden visar att när fler AGV:er används kan funktionen för dynamisk laddning utnyttjas i högre grad, vilket gör att de är tillgängliga i större utsträckning när transportbehov uppstår. Det har också visats att antalet AGV:er som används i systemet bör vara tillräckligt för att de aldrig ska underskrida den kritiska batterinivån. Jämförelser av den totala tiden med brist vid produktionslinan mellan olika typer av AGV:er visade att typ 1 var bättre än typ 3 när lika antal AGV:er användes. Mellan typ 2 och typ 3 kunde ingen skillnad påvisas när fler än fem AGV:er användes. När fem eller färre AGV:er användes var typ 3 bättre än typ 2. En jämförelse mellan typ 1 och typ 2 visade att typ 1 var bättre när upp till fem AGV:er användes, men att det för sex AGV:er inte gick att avgöra någon skillnad. / <p>Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet</p>