Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 26 juillet 2023) / Ce mémoire porte sur les mobilisations citoyennes ayant émergé en réponse à l'annonce de plusieurs propositions de parcs éoliens dans la région de l'Alt Empordà (Catalogne, Espagne). L'analyse puise conceptuellement dans les écrits de l'anthropologie de l'énergie et de l'écologie politique. Dans la continuité des auteurs et autrices qui contribuent au renouvellement de ces champs, cette recherche vise à illustrer comment les discours émanant de ces mobilisations participent à remettre en question l'imaginaire et entourant la transition énergétique et les énergies renouvelables. Le contexte de crise climatique mondiale, les législations précipitant une transition énergétique urgente ainsi que les incitatifs économiques sont quelques-uns des facteurs ayant mené à l'émergence d'un contexte favorable à un déferlement de propositions de parcs éoliens à partir de 2020. Face à cette situation et les possibles transformations majeures qu'induiraient les parcs éoliens sur le territoire, les populations et l'environnement, divers groupes citoyens ont émergé. Conjointement à des groupes écologistes et citoyens déjà établis, ceux-ci s'organisent pour freiner l'implantation des parcs éoliens. Par l'examen des craintes, des aspirations et des actions des personnes mobilisées, cette recherche permet de porter un regard critique sur la transition énergétique en cours dans la région, et ce, en montrant les rapports de pouvoir en son centre ainsi que les visions différenciées du territoire qui s'y rencontrent. Les luttes sociales en cours en Alt Empordà -- et les analyses qui en découlent -- mettent en lumière le caractère destructeur de la transition énergétique lorsqu'elle est menée par les États, élaborée sans la participation des populations, faite sous un modèle grande échelle et centralisé, en priorisant les intérêts de grandes entreprises. Les observations et les entretiens effectués laissent entrevoir des désirs alternatifs concernant le futur de la région et de la production énergétique. / This dissertation focuses on the citizen mobilizations that emerged in response to the announcement of several wind farm proposals in the Alt Empordà region (Catalonia, Spain). The analysis draws conceptually from the writings of the field of anthropology of energy and political ecology. Following authors who participate in the renewal of these fields, this research aims to illustrate how the discourses emanating from these struggles contribute to questioning the imaginaries surrounding the energy transition and renewable energies. The global climate crisis, legislations precipitating an urgent energy transition, and economic incentives are some of the factors that have led to the emergence of a favorable context for a proliferation of wind farm proposals starting in 2020. Faced with this situation and the major transformations that wind farms could induce on the territory, the populations and the environment, various citizen groups have emerged. Together with already established environmental and other citizen groups, they are organizing to stop their implantation. By examining the fears, aspirations and actions of the people mobilized, this research allows to take a critical look at the energy transition underway in the region, by showing the power dynamics at its center as well as the different visions of territory that intersect. The current social struggles in Alt Empordà -- and the analyses that arise from them -- highlight the destructive character of the energy transition when it is led by States, elaborated without the participation of its inhabitants, made under a large-scale and centralized model, prioritizing the interests of large companies. The observations and interviews conducted reveal the presence of alternative desires for the future of the region and of energy production. / Esta tesis se centra en las movilizaciones ciudadanas surgidas a partir del anuncio de varias propuestas de parques eólicos en la comarca del Alt Empordà (Cataluña, España). El análisis se inspira conceptualmente en los escritos de la antropología de la energía y la ecología política. En la continuidad de los autores que participan en la actualización de estos campos teóricos esta investigación se propone ilustrar cómo los discursos que emanan de estas luchas participan en el cuestionamiento del imaginario en torno a la transición energética y las energías renovables. El contexto de la crisis climática global, la legislación que precipita una transición energética urgente y los incentivos económicos son algunos de los factores que han propiciado en la aparición de un contexto favorable a una avalancha de propuestas de parques eólicos a partir de 2020. Confrontadas a esta situación y las posibles grandes transformaciones que los parques eólicos provocarían en el territorio, las poblaciones y el medio ambiente, han surgido diversos colectivos ciudadanos. Junto con grupos ecologistas y grupos ciudadanos ya establecidos, se están organizando para frenar su implantación. Examinando los temores, las aspiraciones y las acciones de las personas movilizadas, esta investigación permite mirar de manera crítica a la transición energética actual en la región, mostrando las relaciones de poder en su centro, así como las visiones diferenciadas del territorio que confluyen en ella. Las luchas sociales actuales en el Alt Empordà -- y los análisis que surgen de ellas -- evidencian el carácter destructivo de la transición energética cuando es conducida por los Estados, desarrollada sin la participación de la población y basada en un modelo centralizado y de gran escala, priorizando los intereses de las grandes empresas. Las observaciones y entrevistas realizadas sugieren deseos alternativos para el futuro de la región y de la producción energética. / Aquesta tesi se centra en les mobilitzacions ciutadanes sorgides com a resposta a l'anunci de diverses propostes de parcs eòlics a la comarca de l'Alt Empordà (Catalunya, Espanya). L'anàlisi es basa conceptualment en els escrits de l'antropologia de l'energia i l'ecologia política. En la continuïtat dels autors que participen en la renovació de coneixement en aquests àmbits disciplinaris, aquesta recerca pretén demostrar com els discursos emanats d'aquestes lluites contribueixen a qüestionar la imaginació al voltant de la transició energètica i les energies renovables. El context de crisi climàtica mundial, la legislació que precipita una transició energètica urgent i els incentius econòmics són alguns dels factors que han propiciat l'aparició d'un context favorable per a un augment de propostes de parcs eòlics a partir del 2020. aquesta situació i les possibles grans transformacions que el vent les explotacions agràries induirien sobre el territori, les poblacions i el medi ambient, han sorgit diversos col·lectius ciutadans. Juntament amb grups ecologistes i ciutadans establerts, s'estan organitzant per frenar el seu establiment. Mitjançant l'examen de les pors, aspiracions i accions de les persones mobilitzades, aquesta recerca ens permet fer una mirada crítica a la transició energètica en curs a la regió, mostrant les relacions de poder al seu centre així com les visions diferenciades del territori que es reuneixen. allà. Les lluites socials en curs a l'Alt Empordà -- i les anàlisis que se'n deriven -- posen de manifest el caràcter destructiu de la transició energètica quan és liderada pels Estats, elaborada sense la participació de les poblacions, realitzada sota un model a gran escala i centralitzat, prioritzant els interessos de les grans empreses. Les observacions i entrevistes realitzades suggereixen desitjos alternatius pel que fa al futur de la regió i de la producció d'energia.

TRF1, telomeric-repeat binding factor 1, is a component of the six-subunit protein complex, referred to as shelterin, which is essential for not only regulating telomere length maintenance but also protecting mammalian telomeres from being recognized as damaged DNA. TRF1 acts as a negative mediator of telomerase-dependent telomere elongation in telomerase-expressing cells, whereas it promotes alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) activity by regulating ALT features including the production of extrachromosomal telomere-repeat (ECTR) DNA such as C-circles, and ALT-associated promyelocytic leukemia bodies, or APBs. The activity of TRF1 is tightly regulated by post-translational modification such as phosphorylation. This thesis sets out to investigate the function of TRF1 phosphorylation on threonine-271 (T271) and threonine-371 in telomere maintenance. The results presented in this thesis demonstrate that TRF1 phosphorylation on T271 positively regulates the association of TRF1 to telomeric DNA in telomerase expressing cells. In ALT cells, TRF1 phosphorylation on both T271 and T371 is shown to be important for the formation of APBs. Furthermore, the work presented here suggests that transcription-associated DNA damage mediates the association of phosphorylated (pT371)TRF1 with APBs. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / TRF1, telomeric-repeat binding factor 1, is a component of the shelterin complex, which is essential for regulating telomere length maintenance and protecting mammalian telomeres from being recognized as damaged DNA. TRF1 acts as a negative mediator of telomerase-dependent telomere elongation in telomerase-expressing cells, whereas it promotes alternative lengthening of telomeres. The activity of TRF1 is tightly regulated by phosphorylation. This thesis sets out to investigate the function of TRF1 phosphorylation on threonine-271 and threonine-371 in telomere maintenance. Understanding how post-translational modifications on TRF1 may be linked to telomere homeostasis will be crucial for our understanding in cancer cell biology.

This thesis examines the alt-right movement through two conservative American news sites. The sites that were looked at were Breitbart and National Review. Five articles that discussed the alt-right movement were chosen from each news site. The articles that were chosen had all been written under 2016. This specific year was chosen due to the presidential election that was held that year. It is also because of the increased media coverage that the alt-right movement was receiving due to their connection to then candidate Donald Trump. The purpose of this thesis is to examine if there is a difference in the way the alt-right movement is described by the two new sites. To examine this, three factors were chosen as a foundation for the thesis. The factors dealt with the description of the members of the alt-right, racism and western values. The result showed a significant difference in how the alt-right movement was being portrayed by the articles form Breitbart and National Review. The articles from Breitbart showcased a positive description by sympathizing with their fight against the conservative establishment. The articles from National Review had a complete different outlook on the movement and deemed it as racist and threatening to the foundation of conservatism in the United States.

No description available.

BRCA2 is a highly penetrant breast cancer predisposing gene. The protein product of the BRCA2 gene mediates repair of breaks in DNA, through Homologous Recombination (HR). Understanding the mechanism(s) behind BRCA2 involvement in HR will help clarify its clinical importance and may pave the way for possible therapy. In this work we show that BRCA2 affects telomere maintenance in mammalian cells. Telomeres are physical ends of chromosomes implicated in cell senescence and carcinogenesis. In particular, the enzyme telomerase that synthesizes telomeric DNA is highly active in ~90% cancers and it is considered one of the cancer markers. The remaining 10% of cancers do not show telomerase activity and they maintain their telomeres by an alternative pathway known as Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT). We observed telomere shortening, loss of telomere function in the form of end chromosome fusions and increased incidence of Telomere Sister Chromatid Exchanges (T-SCE), one of the recognized markers of ALT, in 3 sets of Chinese hamster and human BRCA2 defective cell lines, all of which maintained telomeres by conventional mechanisms. We have also inhibited BRCA2 expression in ALT positive cells by transfecting them with si (short interfering) RNA oligonucleotides specific for BRCA2 and monitored its expression by Real Time-PCR and Western blot. Results indicate that BRCA2 knock-down in ALT positive human cells that causes reduction in T-SCE frequencies, thus suggesting that ALT cells and those that maintain telomeres by conventional mechanisms differ in this respect. One interesting scenario that emerges from these results is that BRCA2 deficiency could potentially suppress the ALT pathway. We wanted to explore this possibility further by creating a permanent BRCA2 knock-down. Our preliminary results suggest that our method for the permanent BRCA2 knock-down based on the SMARTvector 2.0 system and sh (short hairpin) iv RNA approach is still not working effectively. We identified hyper-methylation of the promoter within the vector as a possible cause. Finally, we examined repair kinetics of interstitial telomeric sites (ITSs) in BRCA2 deficient Chinese hamster cells in order to test the hypothesis that defective DNA double strand break repair may be responsible for their increased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. Our results indicate that DNA damage within ITSs is repaired effectively thus disproving the above hypothesis. In conclusion, this work demonstrates the involvement of BRCA2 in telomere maintenance.

This bachelor’s thesis aspires to contribute to the field of research concerning women and far-right extremism. Scholars have during recent years called attention to the surge of far-right extremism and female participation in jihadi terrorism. However, when these fields of research meet, various knowledge gaps are distinguishable. The explicit research gap that this thesis aims to fill concerns a lack of comparative research on how men and women in the extreme-right perceive women. To fill this gap, this thesis aspires to describe how women are perceived, on a sex-disaggregated basis, in the far-right extremist movement by answering the research question: How do the female far-right extremists in Proud Girls and the male far-right extremists in Proud Boys' perception of women differ? Using the gender-separated US extreme-right group Proud Boys/Proud Girls as a typical case, the study performs an ideology analysis to distinguish how the groups perceive women. Thus, this study contributes to the field by presenting a comparative analysis of how extreme right perceives women. The results of the study suggest a difference in how Proud Boys and Proud Girls perceive women as the former conveys a more misogynist perception whereas the latter adheres to a more empowering view of women.

A doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) tornou-se a hepatopatia crônica mais comum no mundo, afetando principalmente alguns grupos de pacientes, como os diabéticos tipo II. A biópsia hepática permanece como método padrão ouro para o seu diagnóstico. A prevalência da DHGNA e seus subtipos, em especial a esteatohepatite (EH), pode estar subestimada por métodos não invasivos de diagnóstico ou superestimada pela realização da biópsia em pacientes selecionados por alterações na ultrassonografia (US) ou nas aminotransferases. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: determinar a prevalência da DHGNA (esteatose, EH e cirrose) em uma amostra de pacientes diabéticos tipo II, com base na biópsia hepática; quantificar a esteatose, inflamação e fibrose quando presentes; identificar fatores preditivos de DHGNA, EH e fibrose significativa (&#8805; estágio 2) e avaliar o valor das aminotransferases e da US de abdome para o diagnóstico de EH e fibrose significativa. Todos os diabéticos tipo II, entre 18 e 70 anos, consecutivamente atendidos no ambulatório de Diabetes do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, eram candidatos a participar do estudo. Foram excluídos pacientes com sorologias positivas para hepatite B ou C, outras doenças hepáticas crônicas, uso de drogas hepatotóxicas ou esteatogênicas, etilismo (&#8805;20g/dia), obesidade grau III, comorbidades graves, gravidez ou por recusa em participar do estudo. Dos 396 pacientes triados com critérios de inclusão, 85 foram incluídos. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação clínica, exames laboratoriais, US de abdome e biópsia hepática. As lâminas foram analisadas por dois patologistas independentes e a DHGNA foi graduada pelo NASH Clinical Research Network Scoring System. A concordância entre os patologistas foi medida pelo coeficiente Kappa (k) e foi realizada análise multivariada por regressão logística para avaliação dos fatores associados de forma independente à DHGNA, EH e fibrose significativa. A prevalência de DHGNA na amostra foi de 92%, sendo 50% esteatose simples, 40% EH e 2% cirrose. A concordância (k) entre os patologistas foi 0,78. A esteatose foi leve na maior parte dos pacientes com esteatose simples e predominantemente acentuada nos pacientes com EH (p<0,001). A fibrose foi verificada em 76% dos pacientes com EH, sendo significativa em 41% deles. A presença de síndrome metabólica foi associada de forma independente à DHGNA, o índice de massa corporal e a circunferência abdominal aumentada à EH e a dosagem de alanina aminotransferase (ALT) à EH e à fibrose significativa. Apenas um de 21 pacientes (5%) com US e ALT normais apresentou EH. A prevalência da EH aumentou progressivamente com o aumento do grau de esteatose na US e com o aumento da ALT. Conclusão: A prevalência da DHGNA estimada pela biópsia hepática sem vieses de seleção foi muito elevada. Apesar de alto, o percentual de EH e fibrose significativa foi inferior ao dos estudos com biópsias em diabéticos selecionados por alterações na US e aminotransferases. EH foi associada a esteatose acentuada na histologia. A obesidade foi um cofator importante no diagnóstico de EH. O melhor desempenho da ALT e da US foi o de excluir as formas graves de DHGNA quando normais. / Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, especially in some groups of patients, as type II diabetic. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard method for diagnosis of the disease. Current prevalences of NAFLD and its subtypes, as steatohepatitis (NASH), can be underestimated due to the non invasive tests for diagnosis or overestimated due to liver biopsy in patients selected by changes in ultrasonography (US) or aminotransferases. The objectives of this study were: define the prevalence of NAFLD (bland steatosis, NASH and cirrhosis) in type II diabetic patients, based on liver biopsy; quantify steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis when present; identify predictive factors of NAFLD, NASH and significant fibrosis (&#8805; stage 2) and analyse the value of aminotransferases and abdominal US for diagnosis of NASH and significant fibrosis. All type II diabetic patients, from 18 to 70 years, consecutively evaluated in the outpatient Clinic of Diabetes Mellitus of a terciary care University Hospital, were considered for enrollment. Patients were excluded if they had positive serology for hepatitis B or C, other chronic liver diseases, used medications associated with steatosis or hepatotoxic drugs, consumed &#8805; 20g alcohol per day, had other serious diseases, grade III obesity, were pregnant or declined participation. From 396 patients evaluated, 85 were included. Patients were submitted to clinical and laboratory examinations, abdominal US and liver biopsy. The slides were analysed by two independent pathologists and graded according to NASH Clinical Research Network Scoring System. Agreement between pathologists was accessed by kappa coefficients (k) and factors independently associated to NAFLD, NASH and significant fibrosis by multivariate logistic regression. Prevalence of NAFLD was 92%, being 50% bland steatosis, 40% NASH and 2% cirrhosis. Agreement between pathologists (k) was 0,78. Steatosis was mild in the majority of patients with bland steatosis and mostly severe in NASH patients (p<0,001). Fibrosis occurred in 76% of NASH patients, being significant in 41% of them. Metabolic syndrome was independently associated to NAFLD, body mass index and increased waist circumference to NASH and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to NASH and significant fibrosis. Metabolic syndrome was independently associated to NAFLD; body mass index and increased waist circumference were associated to NASH; and ALT was associated to NASH and significant fibrosis. Only one from 21 patients (5%) with normal US and ALT had NASH. The prevalence of NASH progressively increased as the steatosis grade on US and the liver enzymes got worse. Conclusion: Prevalence of NAFLD estimated by liver biopsy in T2DM patients without selection bias was very high. Although elevated, prevalence of NASH and significant fibrosis were lower than defined by studies with biopsies in patients with changes in US or aminotransferases. NASH was associated to severe steatosis on histology. Obesity was an important factor in NASH diagnosis. The best performance of ALT and US was in exclude severe subtypes of NAFLD when normal.

A doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica (DHGNA) tornou-se a hepatopatia crônica mais comum no mundo, afetando principalmente alguns grupos de pacientes, como os diabéticos tipo II. A biópsia hepática permanece como método padrão ouro para o seu diagnóstico. A prevalência da DHGNA e seus subtipos, em especial a esteatohepatite (EH), pode estar subestimada por métodos não invasivos de diagnóstico ou superestimada pela realização da biópsia em pacientes selecionados por alterações na ultrassonografia (US) ou nas aminotransferases. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: determinar a prevalência da DHGNA (esteatose, EH e cirrose) em uma amostra de pacientes diabéticos tipo II, com base na biópsia hepática; quantificar a esteatose, inflamação e fibrose quando presentes; identificar fatores preditivos de DHGNA, EH e fibrose significativa (&#8805; estágio 2) e avaliar o valor das aminotransferases e da US de abdome para o diagnóstico de EH e fibrose significativa. Todos os diabéticos tipo II, entre 18 e 70 anos, consecutivamente atendidos no ambulatório de Diabetes do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, eram candidatos a participar do estudo. Foram excluídos pacientes com sorologias positivas para hepatite B ou C, outras doenças hepáticas crônicas, uso de drogas hepatotóxicas ou esteatogênicas, etilismo (&#8805;20g/dia), obesidade grau III, comorbidades graves, gravidez ou por recusa em participar do estudo. Dos 396 pacientes triados com critérios de inclusão, 85 foram incluídos. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à avaliação clínica, exames laboratoriais, US de abdome e biópsia hepática. As lâminas foram analisadas por dois patologistas independentes e a DHGNA foi graduada pelo NASH Clinical Research Network Scoring System. A concordância entre os patologistas foi medida pelo coeficiente Kappa (k) e foi realizada análise multivariada por regressão logística para avaliação dos fatores associados de forma independente à DHGNA, EH e fibrose significativa. A prevalência de DHGNA na amostra foi de 92%, sendo 50% esteatose simples, 40% EH e 2% cirrose. A concordância (k) entre os patologistas foi 0,78. A esteatose foi leve na maior parte dos pacientes com esteatose simples e predominantemente acentuada nos pacientes com EH (p<0,001). A fibrose foi verificada em 76% dos pacientes com EH, sendo significativa em 41% deles. A presença de síndrome metabólica foi associada de forma independente à DHGNA, o índice de massa corporal e a circunferência abdominal aumentada à EH e a dosagem de alanina aminotransferase (ALT) à EH e à fibrose significativa. Apenas um de 21 pacientes (5%) com US e ALT normais apresentou EH. A prevalência da EH aumentou progressivamente com o aumento do grau de esteatose na US e com o aumento da ALT. Conclusão: A prevalência da DHGNA estimada pela biópsia hepática sem vieses de seleção foi muito elevada. Apesar de alto, o percentual de EH e fibrose significativa foi inferior ao dos estudos com biópsias em diabéticos selecionados por alterações na US e aminotransferases. EH foi associada a esteatose acentuada na histologia. A obesidade foi um cofator importante no diagnóstico de EH. O melhor desempenho da ALT e da US foi o de excluir as formas graves de DHGNA quando normais. / Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, especially in some groups of patients, as type II diabetic. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard method for diagnosis of the disease. Current prevalences of NAFLD and its subtypes, as steatohepatitis (NASH), can be underestimated due to the non invasive tests for diagnosis or overestimated due to liver biopsy in patients selected by changes in ultrasonography (US) or aminotransferases. The objectives of this study were: define the prevalence of NAFLD (bland steatosis, NASH and cirrhosis) in type II diabetic patients, based on liver biopsy; quantify steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis when present; identify predictive factors of NAFLD, NASH and significant fibrosis (&#8805; stage 2) and analyse the value of aminotransferases and abdominal US for diagnosis of NASH and significant fibrosis. All type II diabetic patients, from 18 to 70 years, consecutively evaluated in the outpatient Clinic of Diabetes Mellitus of a terciary care University Hospital, were considered for enrollment. Patients were excluded if they had positive serology for hepatitis B or C, other chronic liver diseases, used medications associated with steatosis or hepatotoxic drugs, consumed &#8805; 20g alcohol per day, had other serious diseases, grade III obesity, were pregnant or declined participation. From 396 patients evaluated, 85 were included. Patients were submitted to clinical and laboratory examinations, abdominal US and liver biopsy. The slides were analysed by two independent pathologists and graded according to NASH Clinical Research Network Scoring System. Agreement between pathologists was accessed by kappa coefficients (k) and factors independently associated to NAFLD, NASH and significant fibrosis by multivariate logistic regression. Prevalence of NAFLD was 92%, being 50% bland steatosis, 40% NASH and 2% cirrhosis. Agreement between pathologists (k) was 0,78. Steatosis was mild in the majority of patients with bland steatosis and mostly severe in NASH patients (p<0,001). Fibrosis occurred in 76% of NASH patients, being significant in 41% of them. Metabolic syndrome was independently associated to NAFLD, body mass index and increased waist circumference to NASH and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to NASH and significant fibrosis. Metabolic syndrome was independently associated to NAFLD; body mass index and increased waist circumference were associated to NASH; and ALT was associated to NASH and significant fibrosis. Only one from 21 patients (5%) with normal US and ALT had NASH. The prevalence of NASH progressively increased as the steatosis grade on US and the liver enzymes got worse. Conclusion: Prevalence of NAFLD estimated by liver biopsy in T2DM patients without selection bias was very high. Although elevated, prevalence of NASH and significant fibrosis were lower than defined by studies with biopsies in patients with changes in US or aminotransferases. NASH was associated to severe steatosis on histology. Obesity was an important factor in NASH diagnosis. The best performance of ALT and US was in exclude severe subtypes of NAFLD when normal.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the essential oil of Lippia alba (EOLA) as a feed additive on ionoregulatory and metabolic parameters, and pituitary hormones expression in silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen. Fish were fed for 20 days with different concentrations of EOLA (0.0 control, 0.25 and 0.50 mL kg-1 food). Plasma Na+, Cl- , K+ and cortisol, and metabolic parameters were not affected by the diet, with the exception of ALT (alanine aminotransferase), which was higher in the liver of fish fed 0.50 mL EOLA kg-1 food. Fish fed 0.25 mL EOLA kg-1 food presented higher Na+/K+-ATPase activity and somatolactin expression, but H+-ATPase activity and growth hormone and prolactin expression did not change. The EOLA can be used as a dietary supplement for silver catfish at the evaluated concentrations, but using 0.25 mL EOLA kg-1 food seems to be more suitable than 0.50 mL EOLA kg-1 food since the latter may be related to liver damage. / O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito do óleo essencial de Lippia alba (EOLA) adicionado à ração de Rhamdia quelen (jundiá) em parâmetros metabólicos, osmorregulatórios e endócrinos. Os peixes foram alimentados por 20 dias com diferentes concentrações de OELA (0,00; 0,25 e 0,50 mL kg-1 ração). Os peixes foram alimentados durante 20 dias com diferentes concentrações de OELA (0,0 - controle, 0,25 e 0,50 mL kg-1 de ração). Parâmetros metabólicos, Na+, Cl-, K+ e cortisol no plasmas não foram afetados pela dieta, com a exceção de ALT (alanina aminotransferase), que foi maior no fígado dos peixes alimentados com 0,50 mL OELA kg -1 de ração. Os peixes alimentados com 0,25 mL EOLA kg-1 de ração, apresentaram maior atividade de Na+/K+-ATPase e da expressão da somatolactina, mas a atividade de H+-ATPase e da expressão do hormônio do crescimento e da prolactina não alterou-se. O OELA pode ser utilizado como um suplemento dietético para o jundiá nas concentrações testadas, mas 0,25 mL EOLA kg -1 de ração, parece ser melhor do que a concentração de 0,50 mL kg-1, uma vez que esta última pode estar relacionada com danos no fígado.

För att verifiera att komponenter håller under en förväntad livslängd kan en Accelererad Livstids Testning (ALT) användas. En av huvudaspekterna som kan förstöra ett ALT-test av plastkomponenter är om kontakttemperaturen överstiger glasövergångstemperaturen. Detta eftersom det förändrar testkomponentens materialegenskaper. För att förhindra att detta inträffar i en ALT byggdes en testrigg medtemperatursensorer för att övervaka kontakttemperaturen. Om kontaktpunkten modifieras med en temperatursensor förändrar det uppbyggnaden av ytan och gör testet ogiltigt. Metoden som används är istället att mäta temperaturen på ytan på testdelen och simulera kontakttemperaturen med en modell baserad på den Finita Elementmetoden. Denna avhandling jämför de två teknikerna Tunn Film RTD och Tunn Termoelement Tråd Typ T i samband med uppbyggnaden av en värmeöverföring FEM-modell. Det undersöktes också vilken teknologi av IR-enpunkts sensor och Tunn Film RTD som har högst prestanda med avseende på fyra kvalitetsparametrar under användning tillsammans med testriggen. Slutsatserna är att Tunn Film RTD och Tunn Termoelement Tråd av Typ T sensorerna båda ger en liknande precision i mätningar för att bygga en användbar FEM-modell. När de används på testriggen presterar Film RTD:n är bättre än IR-sensorn i tre av fyra områden med avseende på de fyra definierade kvalitetsparametrarna. Tunn Film RTD är den rekommenderade teknologin för denna typ av mätning. / To verify that components last for an expected lifetime an Accelerated Life Testing (ALT) can be used. One of the main aspects that can ruin an ALT of plastic components is if the contact temperature rises above the glass transition temperature, since this changes the material properties of the tested component. To prevent this from occurring in a ALT, a test rig was built with temperature sensors to monitor this contact temperature. If the contact point is modified with a temperature sensor, this will change the surface and make the test invalid. The method is instead to couple surface temperature measurements with a Finite Element Model (FEM) to estimate the contact temperature. This thesis compares the two techniques Thin Film RTD and Thin Thermocouple Wire Type T in conjunction with the building of a heat transfer Finite Element Method (FEM)-model. It also investigates which technology of Non Contact IR Single Point sensor or Thin Film RTD have the highest performance in use with the test rig with regard to four quality parameters. The conclusions are that RTD and the Thermocouple Type T sensors both provide equal precision in measurement to build a useful FEM model. In application on the test rig, the Thin Film RTD is better than the Infrared (IR)-sensor in three out of four areas when compared in the four defined quality parameters. Thin Film RTD is the recommended technology in this application.