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La poliorcétique romaine connut apogée et suprématie sous le Haut Empire, dans un monde antique urbanisé où les guerres ne cessèrent jamais. Elle est bien davantage que le simple art de faire le siège d’une ville ou d’une place forte. Elle comprend tous les modes d’action, violents ou non. La guerre de siège et la défense en font également partie. Pragmatique, le général romain cherchait la conquête au moindre coût et n’utilisait la violence qu’en dernier lieu. L’assaut dans la foulée, très pratiqué, était d’une efficacité redoutable. Il évitait les désagréments d’un siège incertain, techniquement complexe, demandant une logistique considérable, dévoreur d’hommes, de temps et d’argent. Pour toutes ces raisons, le siège en règle était finalement assez peu fréquent. Une fois entrepris, il pouvait requérir, mais sans doute moins souvent qu’on ne le pense, des travaux lourds et complexes, exigeant de l’armée une division du travail poussée. Au combat, la complémentarité et l’efficacité du couple légion/auxiliaires n’a pas été assez soulignée, de même que l’importance du combat interarmes, incluant l’utilisation systématique des appuis, artillerie, archers et parfois frondeurs. L’assaut final semble avoir été assez rare et les dénouements alternatifs fréquents. Le traitement des vaincus dépendait de leur opiniâtreté. Sans pitié pour ceux qui leur résistaient, les Romains étaient assez pragmatiques pour les autres, en fonction des buts recherchés. Enfin, la prise d’une ville, était génératrice de richesses. Elle renforçait la légitimité impériale et le butin, matériel et humain, était un complément non négligeable pour le chef et le soldat. / Roman siege warfare achieved its upmost efficiency and supremacy under the Early Empire in an antique world in which wars were permanent. Siege warfare is far more than the simple art of besieging cities or fortresses. It includes violent and non-violent courses of action. Siege wars and defense are part of it. Pragmatic, the roman general was eager to capture cities at low cost and use of violence came last. Storming assault was frequently employed and very effective. It avoided dangers of an uncertain siege, characterized by technical complexity, an important logistics, potentially high losses, time consuming and requiring huge financial resources. For all those reasons, methodical siege was not a very usual course of action. It sometimes meant, less frequently than expected, heavy siege works, requiring a demanding division of labor. During the battle, the complementarity and efficiency offered by the couple legion/auxiliaries hasn’t been stressed enough. Such is the importance of combined warfare, which systematically included the use of fire support, artillery, archeries and sometimes slingers. Regarding the capture, final assaults appear to have been rare. Alternative conclusions were most of the time the rule. Pitiless with resistant forces, Romans were rather pragmatic with others, depending on the final desired end state on the ground. When overrun, the city was generally a wealth provider. It concurred to strengthen the imperial legitimacy and, bounty, material and humans as well, was an important financial contribution for the general and the soldier.

<p>Försvarsmakten har förändrats från ett invasionsförsvar till ett insatsförsvar. Det har inneburit nedläggningar och omstruktureringar av organisationer. Artilleriet är en av de vapenslag som har gått från flertal regementen till idag ett regemente. Artilleribataljonen som är artilleriets insatsförband har kännetecknas som ett förband med lång räckvidd och kraftig verkan. Med pjäser som har kaliber 15,5cm understödjer de manöverförbanden. Idag har artilleribataljonen 8cm granatkastare som sekundär beväpning, ett vapen som har dålig räckvidd jämfört med 15,5cm pjäser, ett vapen som inte kan bekämpa pansar mål eller precisionsbekämpa. Detta arbete är en studie om varför artilleribataljonen anskaffat 8cm granatkastare. Är det av taktiskt rationella anledningar eller är det organisatoriskt rationella anledningar? Arbetet utgår från två hypoteser som förklarar varför artilleribataljonen anskaffat 8cm granatkastare. Studien visar på att artilleribataljonen utökar sina uppgifter genom att anskaffa 8cm grankastare. Det gör att artilleribataljonen har teoretiska möjligheter att konkurrera om platser vid eventuella missioner eller en platsvid Nordic battlegroup. Studien analyserar även artilleribataljonens uppgifter, dessa uppgifter skall organisationen klara av. Enligt resultatet har artilleribataljonen inte de förutsättningarna att lösa alla uppgifter utan 8cm granatkastare. Därför är det taktiskt rationellt att anskaffa 8cm granatkastare som sekundär beväpning.</p> / <p>The Swedish armed force has changed from defending the country from invasions to a military force that can be used as a military intervention at different places around the world. This change has meant that some organizations has been discontinued and reorganized. The artillery is one of the branches of the fighting services who have gone from several regiments to only one. The artillery battalion is recognized as a unit that has a long range and powerful impact. With 15,5 guns they support the maneuver units. Today the artillery battalion have 8cm mortars as secondary armament, a weapon that has bad range compared to 15,5 guns and a weapon that can’t penetrate armored targets and has bad accuracy. This essay is a study about why the artillery battalion has acquired 8 cm mortars. Is it because of tactical rational reasons or is it because of organizational rational reasons? The essay takes stand from two hypotheses that explain why the artillery battalion has acquired 8 cm mortars. The study indicates that the artillery battalion increases their assignments by acquiring 8 cm mortars. This enables the battalion theoretical possibilities to compete for places in missions or places in the Nordic battlegroup. The study also analyses the artillery battalion’s tasks, tasks that the organization should manage. The artillery battalion has, according to the result, not the resources to solve all the assignments without the 8 cm mortars. Therefore it is tactical rationally to acquire 8 cm mortars assecondary armament.</p>

Försvarsmakten har förändrats från ett invasionsförsvar till ett insatsförsvar. Det har inneburit nedläggningar och omstruktureringar av organisationer. Artilleriet är en av de vapenslag som har gått från flertal regementen till idag ett regemente. Artilleribataljonen som är artilleriets insatsförband har kännetecknas som ett förband med lång räckvidd och kraftig verkan. Med pjäser som har kaliber 15,5cm understödjer de manöverförbanden. Idag har artilleribataljonen 8cm granatkastare som sekundär beväpning, ett vapen som har dålig räckvidd jämfört med 15,5cm pjäser, ett vapen som inte kan bekämpa pansar mål eller precisionsbekämpa. Detta arbete är en studie om varför artilleribataljonen anskaffat 8cm granatkastare. Är det av taktiskt rationella anledningar eller är det organisatoriskt rationella anledningar? Arbetet utgår från två hypoteser som förklarar varför artilleribataljonen anskaffat 8cm granatkastare. Studien visar på att artilleribataljonen utökar sina uppgifter genom att anskaffa 8cm grankastare. Det gör att artilleribataljonen har teoretiska möjligheter att konkurrera om platser vid eventuella missioner eller en platsvid Nordic battlegroup. Studien analyserar även artilleribataljonens uppgifter, dessa uppgifter skall organisationen klara av. Enligt resultatet har artilleribataljonen inte de förutsättningarna att lösa alla uppgifter utan 8cm granatkastare. Därför är det taktiskt rationellt att anskaffa 8cm granatkastare som sekundär beväpning. / The Swedish armed force has changed from defending the country from invasions to a military force that can be used as a military intervention at different places around the world. This change has meant that some organizations has been discontinued and reorganized. The artillery is one of the branches of the fighting services who have gone from several regiments to only one. The artillery battalion is recognized as a unit that has a long range and powerful impact. With 15,5 guns they support the maneuver units. Today the artillery battalion have 8cm mortars as secondary armament, a weapon that has bad range compared to 15,5 guns and a weapon that can’t penetrate armored targets and has bad accuracy. This essay is a study about why the artillery battalion has acquired 8 cm mortars. Is it because of tactical rational reasons or is it because of organizational rational reasons? The essay takes stand from two hypotheses that explain why the artillery battalion has acquired 8 cm mortars. The study indicates that the artillery battalion increases their assignments by acquiring 8 cm mortars. This enables the battalion theoretical possibilities to compete for places in missions or places in the Nordic battlegroup. The study also analyses the artillery battalion’s tasks, tasks that the organization should manage. The artillery battalion has, according to the result, not the resources to solve all the assignments without the 8 cm mortars. Therefore it is tactical rationally to acquire 8 cm mortars assecondary armament.

This thesis presents a two step automatic transformation of Field Artillery Mission Space Conceptual Models (ACMs) into High Level Architecture (HLA) Federation Architecture Models (FAMs) into executable distributed simulation code. The approach followed in the course of this thesis adheres to the Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) philosophy. Both ACMs and FAMs are formally defined conforming to their metamodels, ACMM and FAMM, respectively. ACMM is comprised of a behavioral component, based on Live Sequence Charts (LSCs), and a data component based on UML class diagrams. Using ACMM, the Adjustment Followed by Fire For Effect (AdjFFE) mission, which serves as the source model for the model transformation case study, is constructed. The ACM to FAM transformation, which is defined over metamodel-level graph patterns, is carried out with the Graph Rewriting and Transformation (GReAT) tool. Code generation from a FAM is accomplished by employing a model interpreter that produces Java/AspectJ code. The resulting code can then be executed on an HLA Run-Time Infrastructure (RTI). Bringing a fully fledged transformation approach to conceptual modeling is a distinguishing feature of this thesis. This thesis also aims to bring the chart notations to the attention of the mission space modeling community regarding the description of military tasks, particularly their communication aspect. With the experience gained, a set of guidelines for a domainindependent transformer from any metamodel-based conceptual model to FAM is offered.

The development of high quality software the first time, greatly depends upon the ability to judge the potential quality of the software early in the life cycle. The Software Engineering Research Center design metrics research team at Ball State University has developed a metrics approach for analyzing software designs. Given a design, these metrics highlight stress points and determine overall design quality.The purpose of this study is to analyze multiple software releases of the Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System (AFATDS) using design metrics. The focus is on examining the transformations of design metrics at each of three releases of AFATDS to determine the relationship of design metrics to the complexity and quality of a maturing system. The software selected as a test case for this research is the Human Interface code from Concept Evaluation Phase releases 2, 3, and 4 of AFATDS. To automate the metric collection process, a metric tool called the Design Metric Analyzer was developed.Further analysis of design metrics data indicated that the standard deviation and mean for the metric was higher for release 2, relatively lower for release 3, and again higher for release 4. Interpreting this means that there was a decrease in complexity and an improvement in the quality of the software from release 2 to release 3 and an increase in complexity in release 4. Dialog with project personnel regarding design metrics confirmed most of these observations. / Department of Computer Science

The Great War was in many ways a conflict defined by technology. The rapid advancements in technology over the decades leading up to 1914 coupled with the outdated tactics employed by all sides created the stalemate of Trench Warfare. Improvements to the existing technology, the addition of new technology, as well as an evolution in tactics led to the breakout, and eventual Allied victory, of 1918. These changes in tactics and technology significantly affected the lives of frontline soldiers. This thesis asks if the tactical and technological changes, in the final two years of the war, were reflected in diaries and memoirs of Canadian soldiers serving at the front. The diaries and memoirs of the soldiers do reflect many of the changes found in the secondary sources. Surprisingly, however, the primary sources often provide more detail about how these weapons were employed by the Germans. Unless the soldier in question was directly involved in their use, or was witnessing a spectacular event, accounts of Canadian artillery, machine gun and poison gas use are often short and lacking in detail.

Thesis (M.M.A.S.)--US Army Command and General Staff College, 2006. / Cover title. AD-A463 835. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-60). Electronic version available on the Public STINET.

Denna rapport behandlar en radarsensors förmåga att upptäcka 107 mm raketerberoende på hur sensorn positioneras i förhållande till skyddsobjektet.Fältförsök, underrättelser och stridserfarenheter har visat att dessa raketer ärvanligt förekommande samt svåra att detektera med radarsensorer. En modell för hur räckviddsökning beror på olika sensorpositioner har skapats genom att använda dokument från USA och forna Sovjetunionen beskrivande ballistik tillsammans med teorier för hur räckvidd påverkas av radarmålarea (RCS) samten beskrivning av RCS tillhandahållen av FOI. Resultat från körningar iMATLAB visar att sensorpositioner inom 300 meter från skyddsobjektet ärfördelaktiga vid en skottvidd av 3000 meter. Som tumregel för att uppnå maximal sensorprestanda bör strävan vara att placera sensorn på ett avståndfrån skyddsobjektet understigande 10% av förväntad skottvidd.

This Thesis covers work conducted to understand the mechanisms underpinning the operation of the electrothermal-chemical gun. The initial formation of plasma from electrically exploding wires, through to the development of plasma venting from the capillary and interacting with a densely packed energetic propellant bed is included. The prime purpose of the work has been the development and validation of computer codes designed for the predictive modelling of the elect rothe rmal-ch em ical (ETC) gun. Two main discussions in this Thesis are: a proposed electrically insulating vapour barrier located around condensed exploding conductors and the deposition of metallic vapour resulting in a high energy flux to the surface of propellant, leading to propellant ignition. The vapour barrier hypothesis is important in a number of fields where the passage of current through condensed material or through plasma is significant. The importance may arise from the need to disrupt the fragments by applying strong magnetic fields (as in the disruption of metallic shaped charge jets); in the requirement to generate a metallic vapour efficiently from electrically exploding wires (as per ETC ignition systems); or in the necessity to re-use the condensed material after a discharge (as with lightning divertor strips). The ignition by metallic vapour deposition hypothesis relies on the transfer of latent heat during condensation. It is important for the efficient transfer of energy from an exploded wire (or other such metallic vapour generating device) to the surface of energetic material. This flux is obtained far more efficiently through condensation than from radiative energy transfer, because the energy required to evaporate copper is far less than that required to heat it to temperatures at which significant radiative flux would be emitted