International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Today’s large-scale signal processing systems impose massive bandwidth requirements on both internal and external communication systems. Most often, these bandwidth requirements are met by scalable input/output architectures built around high-performance, standards-based technology. Several such technologies are available and are in common use as internal and/or external communication mechanisms. This paper provides an overview of some of the more common scalable technologies used for internal and external communications in real-time data acquisition systems. With respect to internal communications mechanisms this paper focuses on three ANSI-standard switched fabric technologies: RACEway (ANSI/VITA 5-1994), SKYchannel (ANSI/VITA 10-1995) and Myrinet (ANSI/VITA 26-1998). The discussion then turns to how Fibre Channel, HiPPI, and ATM are used to provide scalable external communications in real-time systems. Finally, glimpse of how these technologies are evolving to meet tomorrow’s requirements is provided.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 17-20, 1994 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California / The area of range telemetry and communications has been under budget constraints and interoperability enhancement requirements for some time. The near-term onslaught of multimedia communications offerings by telephony and communications companies is certain to cause range engineering personnel to conduct extensive research and possibly make numerous decisions on procurements and technologies before standards are finalized. This paper will address a low-risk migration path for range telemetry to the new multimedia communications for ranges based on current capabilities. This migration path has an end goal of positioning the ranges to take advantage of future multimedia communications as they become available, while leveraging off of current products and procurements, without a major investment.

Os distúrbios da articulação temporomandibulares (DTM) apresentam um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida de seus portadores. A diversidade de sinais e sintomas apresentados pelos pacientes, como dores musculares, cefaléias (difusa ou localizada), dores na região da articulação temporomandibular (ATM), limitações ou excessos de abertura da boca e ruídos articulares dificultam o diagnóstico clínico. Para isso, há necessidade de uma investigação clínica minuciosa e de exames complementares. Os exames radiográficos convencionais e tomografias mostram a anatomia da região sem demonstrar alterações funcionais locais. A técnica de imagens tomográficas em Medicina Nuclear, SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) com 99m Tc-MDP (radiofármaco composto de Tecnécio 99 metaestável e Metileno Difosfonato), demonstra o metabolismo da região, e associada à fusão de imagens co-registradas com a tomografia computadorizada (CT), permite a localização anatômica das alterações ósseas funcionais existentes nas estruturas envolvidas. É um exame com baixa dose de radiação que possibilita a observação conjunta estrutural anatômica e metabólica. Neste trabalho avaliamos, retrospectivamente, exames SPECT/CT de 33 pacientes realizados no Setor de Medicina Nuclear do Departamento de Imagem do Centro de Tratamento e Pesquisa - Hospital do Câncer A. C. Camargo, que apresentavam sinais e sintomas de provável DTM. Os resultados dos exames foram relacionados aos dados existentes nos prontuários dos pacientes, como sexo, idade, anamnese e exame clínico. Por meio de análise descritiva, utilizando as freqüências e porcentagens das variáveis de interesse, pudemos avaliar a confiabilidade do exame. Concluímos que o SPECT/CT, quando aplicado em pacientes portadores de sinais e sintomas de DTM, apresentou alta sensibilidade (100%), especificidade (90,9%) e acurácia (96,9%), demonstrando que é um método de diagnóstico por imagem de relevância, útil e de grande valia, podendo ser um dos métodos de escolha indicados para diagnóstico de DTM. / Temporomandibular joint dysfunction play a negative role on patient life quality standard. A diversity of signs and symptoms such us muscular pain, headaches (focal or diffuse), temporomandibular joint localized pain, limitation or excessive mandibular opening and joint noise may lead to difficulties of correct diagnosis. Clinical investigation and complementary exams are necessary in these cases. Conventional radiographic and tomographic exams exactilly indicates local anatomy but do not demonstrate functional metabolic changes. Tomographic images on Nuclear Medicine, SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) with 99m Tc-MDP (methylene diphosphonate) a radiopharmaceutical labeled with Technetium 99m demonstrate regional metabolism changes. The association to co-registered computed tomography (CT) and image fusion allows the anatomic placement of bone functional alteration into the involved structures. SPECT/CT is a low dose radiation procedure that makes simultaneous anatomic and metabolic observation possible. This assignment was retrospectively analyzed, SPECT/CT of 33 patients from the Nuclear Medicine Sector of the Image Department of the Research and Treatment Center of the Cancer Hospital A. C. Camargo, that presented sings and symptoms of probable temporomandibular joint dysfunction. The results of the exams were related with the patient data that were on their file like sex, age, anamnesis and clinical exam. The assessment of the reliability of the exam was evaluated by descriptive analysis using frequencies and percentages of the interest variables. We conclude that SPEC/CT showed high sensitivity (100%), specificity (90,9%) and accuracy (96,9%); demonstrating that it is an important and useful diagnostic method, that may be an exam of choice to the diagnostic features of temporomandibular joint disfunction.

Os distúrbios da articulação temporomandibulares (DTM) apresentam um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida de seus portadores. A diversidade de sinais e sintomas apresentados pelos pacientes, como dores musculares, cefaléias (difusa ou localizada), dores na região da articulação temporomandibular (ATM), limitações ou excessos de abertura da boca e ruídos articulares dificultam o diagnóstico clínico. Para isso, há necessidade de uma investigação clínica minuciosa e de exames complementares. Os exames radiográficos convencionais e tomografias mostram a anatomia da região sem demonstrar alterações funcionais locais. A técnica de imagens tomográficas em Medicina Nuclear, SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) com 99m Tc-MDP (radiofármaco composto de Tecnécio 99 metaestável e Metileno Difosfonato), demonstra o metabolismo da região, e associada à fusão de imagens co-registradas com a tomografia computadorizada (CT), permite a localização anatômica das alterações ósseas funcionais existentes nas estruturas envolvidas. É um exame com baixa dose de radiação que possibilita a observação conjunta estrutural anatômica e metabólica. Neste trabalho avaliamos, retrospectivamente, exames SPECT/CT de 33 pacientes realizados no Setor de Medicina Nuclear do Departamento de Imagem do Centro de Tratamento e Pesquisa - Hospital do Câncer A. C. Camargo, que apresentavam sinais e sintomas de provável DTM. Os resultados dos exames foram relacionados aos dados existentes nos prontuários dos pacientes, como sexo, idade, anamnese e exame clínico. Por meio de análise descritiva, utilizando as freqüências e porcentagens das variáveis de interesse, pudemos avaliar a confiabilidade do exame. Concluímos que o SPECT/CT, quando aplicado em pacientes portadores de sinais e sintomas de DTM, apresentou alta sensibilidade (100%), especificidade (90,9%) e acurácia (96,9%), demonstrando que é um método de diagnóstico por imagem de relevância, útil e de grande valia, podendo ser um dos métodos de escolha indicados para diagnóstico de DTM. / Temporomandibular joint dysfunction play a negative role on patient life quality standard. A diversity of signs and symptoms such us muscular pain, headaches (focal or diffuse), temporomandibular joint localized pain, limitation or excessive mandibular opening and joint noise may lead to difficulties of correct diagnosis. Clinical investigation and complementary exams are necessary in these cases. Conventional radiographic and tomographic exams exactilly indicates local anatomy but do not demonstrate functional metabolic changes. Tomographic images on Nuclear Medicine, SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) with 99m Tc-MDP (methylene diphosphonate) a radiopharmaceutical labeled with Technetium 99m demonstrate regional metabolism changes. The association to co-registered computed tomography (CT) and image fusion allows the anatomic placement of bone functional alteration into the involved structures. SPECT/CT is a low dose radiation procedure that makes simultaneous anatomic and metabolic observation possible. This assignment was retrospectively analyzed, SPECT/CT of 33 patients from the Nuclear Medicine Sector of the Image Department of the Research and Treatment Center of the Cancer Hospital A. C. Camargo, that presented sings and symptoms of probable temporomandibular joint dysfunction. The results of the exams were related with the patient data that were on their file like sex, age, anamnesis and clinical exam. The assessment of the reliability of the exam was evaluated by descriptive analysis using frequencies and percentages of the interest variables. We conclude that SPEC/CT showed high sensitivity (100%), specificity (90,9%) and accuracy (96,9%); demonstrating that it is an important and useful diagnostic method, that may be an exam of choice to the diagnostic features of temporomandibular joint disfunction.

L'articulation temporo-mandibulaire (ATM) est une articulation formée entre l'os temporal et le condyle mandibulaire, et est fréquemment atteinte. Ces affections sont souvent si douloureuses lors d'activités orales fondamentales que les patients ont une qualité de vie diminuée. Les limites de la thérapeutique pour les atteintes des ATM, ont conduit à accroître l'intérêt pour les stratégies régénératives combinant les cellules souches, les "scaffolds" implantables et les molécules bioactives. Réussir dans la régénération fonctionnelle et structurelle de l'ATM constitue un véritable défi. Des stratégies innovantes et des biomatériaux sont absolument essentiels car l'ATM peut être considérée comme l'un des ensembles tissulaires les plus difficiles à régénérer, au vu de sa capacité de guérison limitée, de ses propriétés histologiques et structurelles uniques et de la nécessité de prévenir à long terme ses adhérences ossifiées ou fibreuses. Une première étude in vitro a été menée pour développer un implant nanostructuré pro-régénératif du cartilage portant des cellules souches mésenchymateuses humaines. Les nanoréservoirs de TGFβ3 au sein d’une matrice de collagène de type II de méduse ont montrés leur capacité chondrogénique. Ils ont permis une colonisation, puis une différenciation et une maturation matricielle favorable à la régénération cartilagineuse. Ces résultats sont encourageants vu la difficulté de mise en culture des chondrocytes et la nécessité d'une restauration rapide de la couche cartilagineuse des surfaces articulaires. Une deuxième étude in vivo a été menée pour développer un implant nanostructuré pro-régénératif anti-inflammatoire osseux. Des matrices biomimétiques nanofibreuses et microporeuses de polycaprolactone (PCL) ont été fonctionnalisées par des nanoréservoirs de BMP-2 et d’ibuprofène. Elles ont été implantées sur des modèles murins de lésions osseuses maxillaires. L’accélération de la régénération induite par ces implants nanofonctionnalisés a été mise en évidence sur des souris sauvages et sur des souris mutantes Tabby. Le bénéfice ainsi établi de fonctionnalisation des implants par la BMP-2 et l'ibuprofène revêt un intérêt particulier face aux fréquentes pathologies inflammatoires chroniques de l'ATM. Ces résultats prometteurs devront faire suite à des approches d'orchestration tridimensionnelle des différents tissus de l'ATM. / The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an articulation formed between the temporal bone and the mandibular condyle which is commonly affected. These affections are often so painful during fundamental oral activities that patients have lower quality of life. Limitations of therapeutics for severe TMJ diseases have led to increased interest in regenerative strategies combining stem cells, implantable scaffolds and well-targeting bioactive molecules. To succeed in functional and structural regeneration of TMJ is very challenging. Innovative strategies and biomaterials are absolutely crucial because TMJ can be considered as one of the most difficult tissues to regenerate due to its limited healing capacity, its unique histological and structural properties and the necessity for long-term prevention of its ossified or fibrous adhesions. A first in vitro study was conducted to develop a pro-regenerative nanostructured cartilage implant bearing human mesenchymal stem cells. The nanoreservoirs of TGFβ3 within a jellyfish type II collagen matrix showed their chondrogenic capacity. They allowed colonization, then differentiation and matrix maturation favorable to cartilaginous regeneration. These results are encouraging given the difficulty of culturing chondrocytes and the need for rapid restoration of the cartilaginous layer of articular surfaces. A second in vivo study was conducted to develop a nanostructured pro-regenerative anti-inflammatory bone implant. Nanofibrous and microporous biomimetic matrices of polycaprolactone (PCL) were functionalized by nanoreservoirs of BMP-2 and ibuprofen. They have been implanted in mouse models of maxillary bone lesions. The acceleration of regeneration induced by these nanofunctionalized implants has been demonstrated in wild-type mice and Tabby mutant mice. The benefit thus established of functionalization of implants by BMP-2 and ibuprofen is of particular interest in the frequent chronic inflammatory pathologies of TMJ. These promising results follow three-dimensional orchestration approaches for different TMJ tissues.

The use of banking automated teller machine (ATM) technological innovations have significant importance and benefits in Nigeria, but numerous investigations have shown that illiterate and semiliterate Nigerians do not perceive them as useful or easy-to-use. Developing easy-to-use banking ATM system interfaces is essential to accommodate over 40% illiterate and semiliterate Nigerians, who are potential users of banking ATM systems. The purpose of this study was to identify strategies software developers of banking ATM systems in Nigeria use to create easy-to-use banking ATM system interfaces for a variety of people with varying abilities and literacy levels. The technology acceptance model was adopted as the conceptual framework. The study's population consisted of qualified and experienced developers of banking ATM system interfaces chosen from 1 organization in Enugu, Nigeria. The data collection process included semistructured, in-depth face-to-face interviews with 9 banking ATM system interface developers and the analysis of 11 documents: 5 from participant case organizations and 6 from nonparticipant case organizations. Member checking was used to increase the validity of the findings from the participants. Through methodological triangulation, 4 major themes emerged from the study: importance of user-centered design strategies, importance of user feedback as essential interface design, value of pictorial images and voice prompts, and importance of well-defined interface development process. The findings in this study may be beneficial for the future development of strategies to create easy-to-use ATM system interfaces for a variety of people with varying abilities and literacy levels and for other information technology systems that are user interface technology dependent.

L'évolution des réseaux actuels vise principalement l'amélioration des performances à travers une augmentation importante des débits disponibles. Cependant, les besoins des applications multimédia se situent également dans l'accès à de nouvelles fonctionnalités telles que le multipoint et la garantie de qualité de service (QoS). Pour satisfaire ces besoins, nous proposons d'associer une architecture pour le multipoint avec QoS aux technologies de commutation. Une première instanciation de cette approche nous a amenés à étudier l'intégration de RSVP sur les réseaux ATM, et à proposer une solution palliant l'absence de service multipoint avec QoS capable de soutenir efficacement RSVP. Nous nous intéressons ainsi à CLIP, l'une des techniques d'intégration d'IP sur ATM, pour réaliser l'intégration du modèle RSVP. La contribution repose sur l'utilisation de plusieurs arbres multipoints pour éviter les limitations intrinsèques aux réseaux ATM. Cette approche a été expérimentée sur la plate-forme MIRIHADE à l'aide d'une application vidéo à codage hiérarchique. La commutation associée à une signalisation orientée connexion se prêtant mal à l'intégration des nouvelles fonctionnalités, nous nous sommes orientés vers l'utilisation d'une signalisation en mode non connecté à travers une solution de type ``Commutation par label''. Appliquée à RSVP, nous avons intégré directement la signalisation de la commutation dans celle assurant les nouvelles fonctionnalités pour permettre la commutation directe du trafic de données tout en conservant les fonctionnalités de la couche réseau. Notre solution, appelée ``RSVP Switching'', est en cours d'expérimentation sur la plate-forme SAFIR, pour un projet de simulation interactive distribuée ayant des besoins importants en terme de multipoint avec QoS.

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<p>The need for increased safety and efficiency in civil aviation is pushing the introduction of Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B). The basic principle of ADS-B is that each aircraft is able to communicate its position and status over a radio data link to surrounding aircraft. In this way each aircraft obtains a detailed picture of the surrounding traffic. During a period of transition from today's radar surveillance to ADS-B many aircraft will not be equipped with the new data link technology and will therefore be invisible to the ADS-B equipped aircraft. The Traffic Information Service - Broadcast (TIS-B) has been conceived to be the solution to this problem. TIS-B is defined as a broadcast surveillance service in which data from the ordinary ground radar system is transmitted from a ground station to airborne systems, providing an air situation picture of the non-ADS-B stations. </p><p>The topics of this thesis are the definition and implementation of a TIS-B server. The presented solution is an evaluation TIS-B server that will receive data from a data-fusing tracker and provide one or several TIS-B ground stations with data filtered according to the settings of the server.</p>