A indústria automotiva necessita de constante aumento de qualidade e inovação para se diferenciar das concorrentes, porém sem impactar os custos de produção. No desenvolvimento tradicional geralmente o aumento da complexidade de um sistema é diretamente proporcional ao custo da sua produção. Para inverter esta relação é necessário que se implementem técnicas e padrões modernos de desenvolvimento. Além disso, é estratégico que os engenheiros, hoje em dia, estejam preparados para trabalhar com ferramentas modernas. Este trabalho tem a intenção de apresentar algumas técnicas modernas de desenvolvimento e demonstrar o fluxo de trabalho necessário para a criação de funções automotivas modernas, disponibilizando uma bibliografia que demonstra conceitos e práticas da cadeia de ferramentas específicas para este fim. Inicialmente é apresentada uma visão geral do desenvolvimento de softwares automotivos e uma comparação entre a metodologia tradicional e a abordagem X-in-the-Loop. Na sequência do trabalho o padrão AUTOSAR é apresentado para ser aplicado após o desenvolvimento da função de um painel de instrumentos automotivo. / The automotive industry needs constant increase of quality and innovation to differentiate from competitors, but without impacting production costs. In the traditional development increasing complexity of a system directly increases the cost of production. To reverse this relationship it is necessary to implement modern development techniques and standards. This work intends to present some modern development techniques demonstrating the workflow necessary for the creation of modern automotive functions, providing a bibliography that demonstrates concepts and practices of the tool chain for this purpose. Initially, an overview of the development of automotive software and a comparison between the traditional methodology and the X-in-the-Loop approach is presented. Following the AUTOSAR standard is presented to be applied after the design of an automotive dashboard function.

The present work examines a model of Sirdeshmukh et al. capable of indicating how to build consumerÂs loyalty in an environment of great competitiveness. Delivering value and making actions that help it to be perceived by clients associated to having confidence in the service provider, enables to amplify the relation client-provider. The studied sector is the automobile industry in its most intimate context with the consumer, the distribution in the authorized car dealers. The method used in the reserch is the exploratory. The approach is the quantity and quality based case-study. The survey with 122 clients tries to observe how is the relation among the perceived value, the confidence, and the loyalty and whether this model, which was previously apllied in other sectors, would generate the same results. The first confirmation is confidenceÂs influence in loyalty in two different ways: administrative practices and policies (PPAs) and front line employees (ELFs). The hypothesis of the perceived valueÂs influence towards the clientÂs loyalty is also confirmed in this study but, its mediator role is not so clear. The confidence showed a consistent influence in the clientÂs perceived value. Excluding the perceived valueÂs mediator role between the confidence and the loyalty, it can be affirmed that the results were as expected and in accordance with the presented literature. The observed limitations suggest new proposals to future works about the discussed theory, the apllied methodology and the obtained results themselves. / O presente trabalho buscou analisar o modelo de Sirdeshmukh et al. capaz de indicar um caminho para o estabelecimento da lealdade de clientes em ambientes de grande competitividade. Por meio da entrega de valor e aÃÃes que levem a sua percepÃÃo pelos clientes, associada à confianÃa no provedor de serviÃos, à possÃvel ampliar a relaÃÃo cliente fornecedor. O setor estudado foi o automobilÃstico em seu contexto mais Ãntimo com o consumidor - a distribuiÃÃo de veÃculos por meio de concessionÃrias. O mÃtodo utilizado foi o exploratÃrio, a abordagem foi qualitativa e quantitativa. Com um survey com 122 clientes buscou-se observar se hà relaÃÃo entre os construtos valor percebido, confianÃa e lealdade, como à esta relaÃÃo entre eles e se esse modelo, jà aplicado em outros setores, ocasionaria os mesmo resultados. A primeira confirmaÃÃo foi a da influÃncia da confianÃa na lealdade em suas duas facetas: prÃticas e polÃtica administrativas (PPAs) e com os empregados de linha de frente (ELFs). A hipÃtese da influÃncia do valor percebido na lealdade tambÃm pÃde ser comprovada neste estudo, mas seu papel mediador nÃo ficou tÃo claro. A confianÃa mostrou uma influÃncia consistente na percepÃÃo de valor do cliente. à exceÃÃo do papel mediador do valor entre a confianÃa e a lealdade, pode-se asseverar que os resultados foram conformes ao esperado e de acordo com a literatura apresentada. As limitaÃÃes apresentadas sugerem novas propostas para trabalhos futuros na teoria discutida, na metodologia aplicada e nos prÃprios resultados alcanÃados.

Orientador: Ricardo Luiz Coltro Antunes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T19:46:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Praun_LucieneidaDovao_D.pdf: 2161036 bytes, checksum: 6a1a55be7e47b28738b6c7b0d1e11f44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A pesquisa ora apresentada trata do impacto da reorganização do trabalho e da produção fundada nos pressupostos do toyotismo, em curso no Brasil a partir dos anos 1990, sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores. Tem como pressuposto a análise teórica que articula as alterações ocorridas no interior dos locais de trabalho, em escala global, a um processo mais amplo de reorganização do padrão de acumulação capitalista. Para desenvolvimento da pesquisa tomou-se como objeto de estudo a General Motors do Brasil (GMB), particularmente a planta produtiva instalada no município de São José dos Campos/SP. Especificamente sobre a planta localizada no interior paulista foram analisadas 1.517 Comunicações de Acidentes de Trabalho (CAT), sendo 579 emitidas pela GM e as restantes, 938, pelo Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos de São José dos Campos. A análise destes documentos, da pesquisa bibliográfica, do acesso a outras fontes documentais, assim como a realização de entrevistas focalizadas com os trabalhadores da General Motors do Brasil, possibilitaram a construção de um panorama das condições de trabalho presentes na respectiva planta e seu impacto sobre os trabalhadores. Buscou-se ainda, por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a relação do fenômeno estudado a partir de um local específico com processos mais amplos, em andamento, que articulam precarização, aceleração do ritmo e intensidade do trabalho, ao aumento expressivo, no mundo inteiro, da incidência de acidentes e doenças profissionais e do trabalho / Abstract: The present research reveals the significant impact upon labor reorganization and production oriented towards the so-called Toyotism, which is in progress in Brazil since the 1980¿s and closely related to workplace health. The research theoretically focuses on the changes detected in the work environment, influenced by a lengthy process of capitalist accumulation. In order to carry out the study, a General Motors Brazil (GMB) plant located in São José dos Campos was selected. More specifically, 1517 work accident claims were analyzed, of which 579 were filed by GM and 938 by the Labor Union in São José dos Campos. Based on the critical analysis of documents and interviews with GM workers a framework for the working conditions in the aforementioned plant and the impact on workers was developed. The research also sheds light on the process which brings about precarious work, rhythm acceleration and labor intensity in view of the considerable growth of workplace injury and illness / Doutorado / Sociologia / Doutora em Sociologia

中國經濟發展快速的情況下，人民對於汽車的需求也一直再提高，在基礎建設尚未追上汽車數量增加之下，道路擁擠與環境汙染成為了許多城市必須面對的問題。北京市政府於2010年12月23日實施汽車限購政策，希望透過此政策降低汽車增加的速度。另一方面，中國將發展汽車自主品牌作為重要政策之一，希望藉由外資的技術讓自主品牌的汽車打入國際。因此本文將使用差中差法進行估計，研究北京市在汽車限購政策之後，政策對於自主品牌銷售的影響。 研究中所使用的資料為中國「中國車輛登記管理所」之中的「全中國登錄各月新增車輛」，加上「易車網」的汽車特性資料整理而成。以北京市的自主品牌車系作為實驗組，非自主品牌車系作為對照組進行多次估計，其中包括加入時間趨勢及將極端樣本去除等。研究結果皆顯示，在汽車限購政策後，確實對於自主品牌汽車銷售有下降的影響，最後也加入了穩定性檢驗，證明自主品牌的銷售下降是否與政策有關。最後結果亦與預期相同，證實北京市的汽車限購政策對於自主品牌的銷售有負向的效果。 / With the rapid economic growth in China, people’s demand for automobiles has risen continuously during the past decades. Furthermore, because the infrastructure in China failed to sustain the increase in the quantity of automobiles, traffic congestion and environmental pollution are the problems many cities have to be confronted with. Therefore, Beijing government adopted Automobile Purchase Limit Policy in Dec. 23, 2010, hoping that through the policy it can decrease the growth rate of automobiles. On top of that, developing self-owned Brand for automobiles in China is its primary policy, China government hoped to take advantage of foreign technology to make its self-owned Brand step into the international market. Consequently, this article uses Difference-in-Difference method to analyze how the sales of self-owned brand automobiles would be affected after the Automobile Purchase Limit Policy was enacted. Data used in this article is from Monthly Increase in Registered Vehicles Across China, which is from Vehicle Registration and Managemet Bureau of Chian, and from Yiche Network. Setting the self-owned brand mobiles in Beijing city as an experimental group and non-self-owned brand mobiles as a control group, we are to estimate many times. We try to take time series effect into account and eliminate outlier samples. The result shows that after the Automobile Purchase Limit Policy, the sales of self-owned brand automobiles significantly decrease. Finally, we add stability test to observe whether the decrease in the sales of self-owned brand automobiles is related to the policy or not. The result reveals that the Automobile Purchase Limit Policy in Beijing has a negative impact on the sales of self-owned brand automobiles.

Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology in Business Administration: Entrepreneurial Studies & Management, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017. / The automotive industry is the third largest sector in the South African economy and it plays such an important role in the economy, that it is often viewed used as a barometer of the health of the economy. Despite the relatively large number of automotive component manufacturers (ACMs) in South Africa, manufacturing a wide range of automotive components, and the incentives offered by the government to increase the local content of vehicles manufactured in the country, the majority of vehicle manufacturers as well as after-market wholesalers and retailers in South Africa source a greater proportion of their automotive components from foreign suppliers. This may be due to a number of reasons, and in this regard, this study investigated the nature and extent to which ACMs in Gauteng, South Africa, used innovative strategies to remain competitive. A quantitative research design was used, and a self-administered questionnaire was sent to all of the ACMs located in Gauteng. Some of the main findings from the study was that only 48.9% of the respondents had a Research and Development (R&D) department; ACMs ranked their clients, who include motor vehicle manufacturers and original equipment manufacturers, as the most important source of innovation, with existing employees being ranked second, suppliers ranked third, and competitors ranked fourth. The importance of a highly skilled workforce was highlighted by the finding that almost three quarters of the respondents agreed with the statement that new ideas and suggestions from employees had been implemented. Although the local motor vehicle manufacturers purchase most of the automotive components from ACMs located outside South Africa, the finding that 82% of the ACMs surveyed have been in operation for more than 10 years, with 72% of these organisations in operation for more than 15 years, indicates that most local ACMs are financially profitable and have adapted to global competition. / M

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Business Administration, Durban University of Technology, 2017. / Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa (SA) contribute significantly to job creation, wealth, social stability, economic growth and reduction of poverty. While research has been conducted, with regard to customer’s perception for entire world, not too many studies have focused on the automotive sector, with specific reference to the Durban Metropolitan areas. Therefore the understanding of the factors affecting Automotive SMEs are clearly defined and explained, in order to help entrepreneurs to improve product quality and attract customers to the business. Furthermore, the study focused on examining the customers’ perceptions towards product quality. The research sample was selected using convenience sampling because populations are easily available to the researcher. The target population for this study were all owners of SMEs in the automotive sector in Durban. Based on the census study, the sample size of the study was 120 owners of the SMEs in the Durban Metropolitan Areas. A combined method of both quantitative and qualitative techniques were employed, while the analysis of data was done using the Statistics Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 23.0, with the result presented by figures developed in Microsoft Excel and cross tabulation tables. Various techniques were tested such as (Pearson Chi-square Test, qualitative analysis and, factor analysis). However, the report based on testing techniques were as follows: The result of the gender participants of males were greater than females who participated in the study. Therefore, the Pearson Chi-square Test was done and the result state that p = .000. Qualitative analysis was tested and the result report of “what exactly are the customers’ perceptions towards product quality in the business”. However, the result of the qualitative analysis shows that the larger number of the respondents, they felt that “good customer service” were their customers’ perceptions in the study. Factor analysis was also tested using KMO and Bartlett’s Test to present results. The result of Bartleytt’s Test of Sphericity was = 212.800; Sig = .000 this indicated that the data were appropriate for the purpose of factors analysis. The result of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy was = .609. This result shows that there were sufficient items for each factor. The findings of the study revealed that lack of managerial skills and development negatively compromises product quality of the automotive sector. The findings further revealed that creativity and necessary entrepreneurial skills influence implementation of sustainable growth of SMEs, and the entrepreneur’s success depends on the identification of crucial entrepreneurial skills for starting a business as well as for helping the business to survive and grow in the early stages. Therefore, capacity building for SME owners to sustain business growth is recommended. The results of the study further revealed that the absence of financial support from financial institutions delays the improvement of stock in the business as this is an obstacle resulting in the unsustainability of the SMEs in the long term. / M

This research hypothesises a statistical positive significant correlation between job satisfaction and absenteeism among the shop floor workers of a motor manufacturing plant in the impoverished province of the Eastern Cape in South Africa. According to the literature review, two schools of thought exist that argue on the nature of the relationship. One believes that absence from work is in some way a natural consequence of job dissatisfaction, i.e. arguing for a job satisfaction-absenteeism relationship. The second one argues for a no relationship, arguing that absence is a result of habitual behaviour and or behaviours influenced by socioeconomic factors such as poverty that affect the employees' ability and pressure to attend work. A sample of 150 workers was randomly selected from the 2500 shop floor workers. The Job Descriptive Index (lDI) questionnaires were used to measure the satisfaction index of the workers. The absence statistics for the sample workers were gathered from the organisation's Human Resources department and statistical tests for correlation and regression were conducted on the two variables - lDI and absence data. Contrary to the expectations of the study, the results showed that overall job satisfaction and absenteeism were not correlated. It concluded that the job dissatisfaction theory of absenteeism is empirically unsupportable and alternative conceptualisations of absence contributors and potentially fruitful research strategies are discussed.

The Internet has made a considerable impact on how business is conducted. Empowered by technology consumers are using the Internet as a tool to communicate and transact online. E-commerce (electronic commerce) presents opportunities for business to gain a competitive advantage, however it also posses certain challenges. Small and Medium Hospitality Enterprises (SMHEs) sector within the tourism industry, is one of the sectors which stands to benefit from using the Internet for business. Researchers agree that the contribution made by the tourism sector in developing economies is substantial. However, SMHEs are noted for their failure to derive optimal benefits from using the Internet for business to improve their competitiveness. This study which seeks to develop a model for use by SMHEs as a guide when making the decision to adopt technology was necessitated by the importance of SMHE’s contribution in the economy of developing countries. This model is based on the examination of existing theories and models such as; the Delone and McLean IS success model (2004), and the ITGI’s (2007) IT governance focus areas model. To elicit the desired outcomes, additional data was collected using questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The collected data was analysed and resulted in the development of a model that can be used by SMHEs in order to derive value from IT and to gain a competitive advantage.

The objective of this paper was to determine how much of the Total Quality Management (TQM) principles have been adopted by the U.S. carmakers up to now which is about fifteen to twenty years after the "race to quality" started, how the position of women in that industry has evolved over the same period of time, and if more female presence at top executive positions would better promote TQM principles.

This thesis consists of four essays that study the effect of demand and supply shocks (namely exchange rate shocks, policy shocks and oil price shocks) on the German automobile industry using time series analysis techniques; i.a. intervention analysis, (time-varying) VAR models, state space modeling and Kalman filtering. Chapter 2 investigates the degree of (EUR/USD) exchange rate susceptibility of the German automobile industry (and mechanical engineering industry). It is shown that – in contrast to well-known warnings by business representatives and politicians alike – an appreciation of the Euro does not necessarily cause German vehicle producing companies “pain” in the sense of an aggravated business climate (although the (quantity) effects on exports are as predicted by theory). Chapter 3 first of all deals with the effect of the global economic crisis on the German manufacturing sector in general and the German automobile industry in particular. Even more important, the influence of the scrapping scheme, that was introduced as part of the “Konjunkturpaket II” in 2009, is researched. Chapter 4 focusses on the role of (systematic) monetary policy as well as the automobile industry in the transmission of oil price shocks to the economy. Chapter 5 extends the results of chapter 4 by examining carefully the role of fuel-efficiency in explaining the different degrees of sensitivity of the vehicle industries in Germany, Japan and the US with regard to oil price shocks.