Tyrimo objektas – apskaitos politikos formavimas Lietuvos įmonėse. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti apskaitos politikos Lietuvoje pasirinkimą lemiančius veiksnius, pateikti apskaitos politikos formavimo modelį ir patikrinti jo tinkamumą Lietuvos įmonėse. Tyrimo problema: apskaitos politikos pasirinkimą lemiančių veiksnių įtakos apskaitos politikos formavimo modeliui nustatymo Lietuvos įmonėse nepakankamas metodologinis pagrindimas. / The object of the research is a company’s financial accounting policy.The goal of the work is to prepare the factors influence to accounting policy choice in Lithuania and suggest the theoretical company‘s accounting policy formation model, improve the company‘s financial accounting policy formation model adaptation in Lithuanian company’s.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--Frankfurt (Main).

Sankt Gallen, Univ., Diss., 2003.

Esta tese analisa o padrão decisório do auditor brasileiro (a partir do enfoque da Teoria do Processo Dual em sua versão modificada pela Regret Theory, aqui denominada TPD-m), já que o padrão decisório pode informar a maneira pela qual o auditor exerce seu julgamento. Considerando que auditor e norma precisam estar alinhados, e considerando a adoção de normas baseadas em princípios (IFRS), o objetivo foi aprofundar os estudos de Jamal e Tan (2010), verificando se os tipos de auditores por eles identificados (orientados a princípios, a regras e a clientes) poderiam ser observados empiricamente na amostra delimitada (29 sócios e 35 gerentes de auditoria de firmas Large Six localizadas no Brasil), e se tal tipologia encontraria suporte na literatura que define as características principais desses tipos de auditores. As quatro hipóteses de pesquisa versaram sobre: a ausência de predominância de um único padrão decisório; a associação entre os padrões identificados pelo DMI (se analítico, intuitivo ou emocional) e os tipos de auditores; a homogeneidade na determinação do que seria considerado como mais importante numa auditoria em arrendamento mercantil; a existência de associação entre os agrupamentos identificados pela Metodologia Q e as características condizentes com os tipos de auditores identificados por Jamal e Tan (2010). A primeira hipótese foi verificada com o Teste DMI, e a conclusão indica que o perfil preponderante dos auditores é analítico (explicado pelo processo de accountability vivenciado pelos profissionais), o que fornece sustentação necessária para afirmar que as decisões tomadas por auditores são deliberadas e cuidadosamente analisadas (quando estes têm tempo disponível para análise). Em função do resultado da primeira hipótese, não foi possível verificar a segunda hipótese (não havia indivíduos de padrão intuitivo e emocional suficientes para estabelecer a associação desejada). A terceira hipótese foi verificada pelo exercício de arrendamento baseado na Metodologia Q; os resultados indicam que não há homogeneidade na determinação do que seria considerado mais importante dentre os participantes (nessa análise, fica clara a subdivisão dos participantes analíticos em dois grupos: o primeiro privilegia a análise dos contratos de arrendamento, e o segundo, a definição do valor justo). A quarta hipótese foi verificada analisando-se as palavras mais repetidas observadas nas transcrições das entrevistas, cujo resultado indica que pode haver correspondência entre os agrupamentos da Metodologia Q e os tipos de auditores orientados a princípios e a regras (não foi possível concluir sobre a existência de auditores orientados a clientes). Sobre os métodos empregados: o resultado do exercício de arrendamento corrobora o Teste DMI, já que em todo o grupo de participantes analíticos foi identificada a escolha de atitudes de cunho analítico (de conteúdo mais literal, mais objetivo); a Metodologia Q mostrou-se eficiente na análise da aplicação da norma contábil pelos participantes. Sobre a contribuição teórica, a abordagem da TPD-m ajuda a explicar as evidências empíricas coletadas; além disso, a discussão envolvendo conjuntamente agente e norma contábil, além da conceituação e utilidade de regras e princípios contábeis no processo de julgamento e tomada de decisão contribuem para a consolidação de pesquisas na área. / This doctoral dissertation analyzes the decision making style of the Brazilian auditor (from the point of view of the Dual Process Theory in its version modified by Regret Theory, here called TPD-m), since the decision-making pattern yield information about the way in which the auditor make judgments. Considering that auditor and accounting standard must be aligned, and considering the adoption of principle-based standards (IFRS), the objective was to deepen the studies of Jamal and Tan (2010), trying to identify whether the types of auditors identified by them (oriented by principles, by rules and by clients) could be empirically observed in the defined sample (29 partners and 35 managers of Large Six Brazilian audit firms), and whether it could find support in the literature that defines the main features of these types of auditors. The four research hypothesis were about: the lack of predominance of a single decision-making standard; the association between the patterns identified by DMI (if analytical, intuitive or emotional) and the types of auditors; homogeneity in determining what would be considered more important an audit in leasing; the existence of an association between the clusters identified by the Q Methodology and characteristics consistent with the types of auditors identified by Jamal and Tan (2010). The first hypothesis was verified with DMI Test; findings indicates that the predominant profile of auditors is analytical (explained by the accountability process experienced by professionals), which provides necessary support to affirm that the decisions taken by auditors are deliberate and carefully analyzed (if they have time available for analysis). With this result, it was not possible to verify the second hypothesis (there was no sufficient intuitive and emotional individuals to establish the desired association). The third hypothesis was verified by a lease exercise based on the Methodology Q; findings indicates no uniformity in determining what would be considered most important among the participants (in this analysis, it is clear the subdivision of analytical participants into two groups: the first focuses on the lease agreements, and the second on fair value\'s definition). The fourth hypothesis was verified by analyzing the most repeated words observed in the transcripts of the interviews, and the result indicates that there may be correspondence between the clusters of Q Methodology and types of auditors oriented by principles and by rules (it was not possible to conclude on the existence auditors oriented by clients). About the methods employed: the result of the lease exercise corroborates the DMI Test, as in the whole group of participants was identified analytical choosing an analytical attitudes (more literal content, more objective); Q methodology seems to be efficient in the analysis of the application of the accounting standard by the participants. About theoretical contribution: the approach of TPD-m helps to explain the empirical evidence collected; furthermore, the discussion involving jointly agent and accounting standards, the concept and utility of accounting principles and rules in the judgment and decision making process contributes to the consolidation of research in this area.

Esta tese analisa o padrão decisório do auditor brasileiro (a partir do enfoque da Teoria do Processo Dual em sua versão modificada pela Regret Theory, aqui denominada TPD-m), já que o padrão decisório pode informar a maneira pela qual o auditor exerce seu julgamento. Considerando que auditor e norma precisam estar alinhados, e considerando a adoção de normas baseadas em princípios (IFRS), o objetivo foi aprofundar os estudos de Jamal e Tan (2010), verificando se os tipos de auditores por eles identificados (orientados a princípios, a regras e a clientes) poderiam ser observados empiricamente na amostra delimitada (29 sócios e 35 gerentes de auditoria de firmas Large Six localizadas no Brasil), e se tal tipologia encontraria suporte na literatura que define as características principais desses tipos de auditores. As quatro hipóteses de pesquisa versaram sobre: a ausência de predominância de um único padrão decisório; a associação entre os padrões identificados pelo DMI (se analítico, intuitivo ou emocional) e os tipos de auditores; a homogeneidade na determinação do que seria considerado como mais importante numa auditoria em arrendamento mercantil; a existência de associação entre os agrupamentos identificados pela Metodologia Q e as características condizentes com os tipos de auditores identificados por Jamal e Tan (2010). A primeira hipótese foi verificada com o Teste DMI, e a conclusão indica que o perfil preponderante dos auditores é analítico (explicado pelo processo de accountability vivenciado pelos profissionais), o que fornece sustentação necessária para afirmar que as decisões tomadas por auditores são deliberadas e cuidadosamente analisadas (quando estes têm tempo disponível para análise). Em função do resultado da primeira hipótese, não foi possível verificar a segunda hipótese (não havia indivíduos de padrão intuitivo e emocional suficientes para estabelecer a associação desejada). A terceira hipótese foi verificada pelo exercício de arrendamento baseado na Metodologia Q; os resultados indicam que não há homogeneidade na determinação do que seria considerado mais importante dentre os participantes (nessa análise, fica clara a subdivisão dos participantes analíticos em dois grupos: o primeiro privilegia a análise dos contratos de arrendamento, e o segundo, a definição do valor justo). A quarta hipótese foi verificada analisando-se as palavras mais repetidas observadas nas transcrições das entrevistas, cujo resultado indica que pode haver correspondência entre os agrupamentos da Metodologia Q e os tipos de auditores orientados a princípios e a regras (não foi possível concluir sobre a existência de auditores orientados a clientes). Sobre os métodos empregados: o resultado do exercício de arrendamento corrobora o Teste DMI, já que em todo o grupo de participantes analíticos foi identificada a escolha de atitudes de cunho analítico (de conteúdo mais literal, mais objetivo); a Metodologia Q mostrou-se eficiente na análise da aplicação da norma contábil pelos participantes. Sobre a contribuição teórica, a abordagem da TPD-m ajuda a explicar as evidências empíricas coletadas; além disso, a discussão envolvendo conjuntamente agente e norma contábil, além da conceituação e utilidade de regras e princípios contábeis no processo de julgamento e tomada de decisão contribuem para a consolidação de pesquisas na área. / This doctoral dissertation analyzes the decision making style of the Brazilian auditor (from the point of view of the Dual Process Theory in its version modified by Regret Theory, here called TPD-m), since the decision-making pattern yield information about the way in which the auditor make judgments. Considering that auditor and accounting standard must be aligned, and considering the adoption of principle-based standards (IFRS), the objective was to deepen the studies of Jamal and Tan (2010), trying to identify whether the types of auditors identified by them (oriented by principles, by rules and by clients) could be empirically observed in the defined sample (29 partners and 35 managers of Large Six Brazilian audit firms), and whether it could find support in the literature that defines the main features of these types of auditors. The four research hypothesis were about: the lack of predominance of a single decision-making standard; the association between the patterns identified by DMI (if analytical, intuitive or emotional) and the types of auditors; homogeneity in determining what would be considered more important an audit in leasing; the existence of an association between the clusters identified by the Q Methodology and characteristics consistent with the types of auditors identified by Jamal and Tan (2010). The first hypothesis was verified with DMI Test; findings indicates that the predominant profile of auditors is analytical (explained by the accountability process experienced by professionals), which provides necessary support to affirm that the decisions taken by auditors are deliberate and carefully analyzed (if they have time available for analysis). With this result, it was not possible to verify the second hypothesis (there was no sufficient intuitive and emotional individuals to establish the desired association). The third hypothesis was verified by a lease exercise based on the Methodology Q; findings indicates no uniformity in determining what would be considered most important among the participants (in this analysis, it is clear the subdivision of analytical participants into two groups: the first focuses on the lease agreements, and the second on fair value\'s definition). The fourth hypothesis was verified by analyzing the most repeated words observed in the transcripts of the interviews, and the result indicates that there may be correspondence between the clusters of Q Methodology and types of auditors oriented by principles and by rules (it was not possible to conclude on the existence auditors oriented by clients). About the methods employed: the result of the lease exercise corroborates the DMI Test, as in the whole group of participants was identified analytical choosing an analytical attitudes (more literal content, more objective); Q methodology seems to be efficient in the analysis of the application of the accounting standard by the participants. About theoretical contribution: the approach of TPD-m helps to explain the empirical evidence collected; furthermore, the discussion involving jointly agent and accounting standards, the concept and utility of accounting principles and rules in the judgment and decision making process contributes to the consolidation of research in this area.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wiliam Calegari de Sousa.pdf: 1151921 bytes, checksum: af1982df1e33ed81d137e1be9677f1e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-18 / From 2007, the enactment of Laws 11.638/07 and 11.941/09 changed substantially from 2007, the accounting, presentation and dissemination of business entities financial statements established in Brazil, representing the Brazilian starting point of the convergence efforts and harmonization of local accounting methods with international accounting principles. The objective of this research project is to evaluate the publicly held company impact on profit & loss statements, resulting from the local accounting harmonization with the IAS on the early adoption of new accounting rules. This essay comprises data collection from the period between 2007 and 2009 for 57 (fifty seven) financial statements , as per São Paulo Stock Exchange Index Ibovespa on January 03, 2011; with exception of financial institutions that were partially already under the new rules as determined by the Central Bank of Brazil. In addition to demonstrate the income statement effects on the surveyed entities, it is also listed the main accounting adjustments that caused those differences on the 10 (ten) larger variations observed in the sample / A partir de 2007, com as Leis 11.638/07 e 11.941/09, modificou-se substancialmente a forma de contabilização, demonstração e divulgação das demonstrações contábeis das entidades empresariais estabelecidas no Brasil, representando o marco inicial dos esforços do País na convergência e na harmonização da contabilidade brasileira aos princípios internacionais de contabilidade. Pretende-se nesse estudo avaliar o impacto nos resultados contábeis das companhias que essas mudanças provocaram nos primeiros anos de adoção das novas regras contábeis. Para isso, coletaram-se dados das demonstrações contábeis de 2007 a 2009 das 57 (cinquenta e sete) Companhias Abertas, conforme índice Ibovespa de 03 de janeiro de 2011, excetuando-se as instituições financeiras que já aplicavam parte das novas regras por determinação do Banco Central do Brasil. Com os efeitos no resultado contábil das companhias pesquisadas, foram identificados os principais ajustes contábeis que provocaram essas diferenças nas 10 (dez) maiores oscilações observadas na amostra

<p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att få en djupare insikt om hur en frikoppling mellan redovisning och beskattning skulle kunna se ut. Genom att undersöka hur revisionsbolagen ställer sig till SamRoBs förslag om en frikoppling, SOU 2008:80, och vilka konsekvenser ett avskaffande av det materiella sambandet kan medföra för K2-företagen vill vi skapa en djupare förståelse i diskussionen om en total frikoppling av det materiella sambandet för K2-företagen.</p><p>Uppsatsens undersökning utgår från en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och har en analytisk ansats. Data består av primär- och sekundärdata som kritiskt granskas för att bedöma undersökningens giltighet och tillförlitlighet.</p><p>För att skapa förståelse kring sambandet mellan redovisning och beskattning presenteras relevanta begrepp och teorier. Vidare redogörs för innehållet i utredningen SOU 2008:80.</p><p>Empirin presenterar respondenternas åsikter och synpunkter om utredningens, SOU 2008:80, förslag om en frikoppling mellan redovisning och beskattning. Respondenterna avser tre anställda från tre av de största revisionsbolagen i Sverige.</p><p>För K2 företag innebär en frikoppling i praktiken en samordning. Om SamRoBs förslag anpassas till K2 reglerna kommer det nya regelverket i längden innebära en förenkling för K2 företagen. I stora drag kommer inte revisorernas arbete att förändras även om dagens revisorer kan tycka att arbetsbördan blir tyngre.</p> / <p>The purpose of the thesis is to gain a deeper insight into a decoupling between accounting and taxation. By a study on the audit firms’ attitude concerning SamRoBs proposal on decoupling and what affects K2 companies may be facing are we intending to create a deeper understanding in the discussion of a total decoupling of the material relationship for K2 companies.</p><p>The study is based on a qualitative research and has an analytical approach. The data consists of primary and secondary data that is critically reviewed to assess the validity and reliability of the study.</p><p>In order to create understanding of the relationship between accounting and taxation relevant concepts and theories are presented. The contents of SOU 2008:80 will also be described.</p><p>The empirical data presents the respondents´ views and comments on the proposal, SOU 2008:80, for a decoupling between accounting and taxation. Respondents interviewed were three employees from three of the largest audit firms in Sweden.</p><p>The true meaning of decoupling for K2 companies in practice is coordination. If SamRoBs proposal is adapted to the K2 regulation a new framework will appear and in the long run involve a simplification for K2 companies. Broadly, the work of the auditing firms will not mean considerable changes even though current auditors may think the workload will increase.</p>

Syftet med denna uppsats är att få en djupare insikt om hur en frikoppling mellan redovisning och beskattning skulle kunna se ut. Genom att undersöka hur revisionsbolagen ställer sig till SamRoBs förslag om en frikoppling, SOU 2008:80, och vilka konsekvenser ett avskaffande av det materiella sambandet kan medföra för K2-företagen vill vi skapa en djupare förståelse i diskussionen om en total frikoppling av det materiella sambandet för K2-företagen. Uppsatsens undersökning utgår från en kvalitativ forskningsmetod och har en analytisk ansats. Data består av primär- och sekundärdata som kritiskt granskas för att bedöma undersökningens giltighet och tillförlitlighet. För att skapa förståelse kring sambandet mellan redovisning och beskattning presenteras relevanta begrepp och teorier. Vidare redogörs för innehållet i utredningen SOU 2008:80. Empirin presenterar respondenternas åsikter och synpunkter om utredningens, SOU 2008:80, förslag om en frikoppling mellan redovisning och beskattning. Respondenterna avser tre anställda från tre av de största revisionsbolagen i Sverige. För K2 företag innebär en frikoppling i praktiken en samordning. Om SamRoBs förslag anpassas till K2 reglerna kommer det nya regelverket i längden innebära en förenkling för K2 företagen. I stora drag kommer inte revisorernas arbete att förändras även om dagens revisorer kan tycka att arbetsbördan blir tyngre. / The purpose of the thesis is to gain a deeper insight into a decoupling between accounting and taxation. By a study on the audit firms’ attitude concerning SamRoBs proposal on decoupling and what affects K2 companies may be facing are we intending to create a deeper understanding in the discussion of a total decoupling of the material relationship for K2 companies. The study is based on a qualitative research and has an analytical approach. The data consists of primary and secondary data that is critically reviewed to assess the validity and reliability of the study. In order to create understanding of the relationship between accounting and taxation relevant concepts and theories are presented. The contents of SOU 2008:80 will also be described. The empirical data presents the respondents´ views and comments on the proposal, SOU 2008:80, for a decoupling between accounting and taxation. Respondents interviewed were three employees from three of the largest audit firms in Sweden. The true meaning of decoupling for K2 companies in practice is coordination. If SamRoBs proposal is adapted to the K2 regulation a new framework will appear and in the long run involve a simplification for K2 companies. Broadly, the work of the auditing firms will not mean considerable changes even though current auditors may think the workload will increase.

I aktiebolagslagen finns ett antal skyddsregler för att säkerställa att ett bolags bundna eget kapital stannar kvar i bolaget. Enligt reglerna om tvångslikvidation är styrelse och aktieägare skyldiga att genast upprätta en kontrollbalansräkning vid misstanke om att aktiekapitalet håller på att förbrukas. En kontrollbalansräkning upprättas med utgångspunkt i en ordinarie årsredovisning, med ett antal justeringar. Bland annat får tillgångar tas upp till ett högre värde än i den ordinarie redovisningen under förutsättning att de värderingsprinciperna är förenliga med god redovisningssed. Vad som utgör god redovisningssed framgår inte av lagtexten. Myndigheten BFN har en lagstadgad uppgift att utveckla god redovisningssed, men ingen föreskriftsrätt. Enligt BFNs uttalanden och allmänna råd är blandning av K-regelverken inte tillåten, vilket begränsar företagen i deras möjlighet att påvisa fortlevnadsförmåga i kontrollbalansräkningen. Studiens syfte är att undersöka möjligheten att, med god redovisningssed som grund, blanda regelverken K2 och K3 för att kunna visa ett företags fortlevnadsförmåga i en kontrollbalansräkning.För att uppfylla studiens syfte tillämpas ett hermeneutiskt synsätt. Relevanta lagtexter, propositioner, rättsfall, brevsvar från BFN, RedR2 samt regelverken K2 och K3 analyseras för att få fram innebörden av begreppet god redovisningssed.De omständigheter som föranleder upprättande av kontrollbalansräkning är helt andra än de som råder vid ordinarie redovisning. Vår slutsats är därför att det finns olika former av god redovisningssed beroende på den situation som företaget befinner sig i. Med detta som utgångspunkt anser vi att cherry-picking vid upprättande av kontrollbalansräkning bör vara tillåtet. / There are a number of safeguards to ensure that a company’s equity remains in the company. These are included in the Swedish Companies Act. According to the rules for compulsory liquidation, directors and shareholders must immediately establish a balance sheet for liquidation purposes when the share capital is suspected to be consumed. A balance sheet for liquidation purposes is drawn up on the basis of a regular annual report, with permissions for a number of adjustments. One of these allowed adjustments include that assets can be valued to a higher worth, provided that the valuation principles are in accordance with the term “god redovisningssed”, which can be translated into Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The term “god redovisningssed” is not clearly defined in the wordings of the law. The Swedish Accounting Standards Board, also known as the agency BFN, has the statutory responsibility to develop and clarify what is meant by “god redovisningssed”. BFN, however, does not have any regulatory powers. According to BFNs statements and general advice a mixture of their own regulations, “K-regelverken”, is not allowed. This limitation hinders companies in their ambition to show the ability of future survival. This study aims to examine the possibility of mixing the regulations of K2 and K3 in order to prove a company’s ability of going concern.To fulfill the purpose of this study, a hermeneutic approach is applied. Relevant laws, bills, court cases etc. are analyzed to derive the meaning behind the term “god redovisningssed”.The circumstances that warrant the establishment of a balance sheet for liquidation purposes are vastly different from those prevailing at ordinary accounting. Our conclusion is, therefore, that there are different forms of “god redovisningssed”, depending on the company’s situation. Given this reasoning, it is our belief that cherry-picking when preparing a balance sheet for liquidation purposes should be allowed.This paper is written in Swedish.

År 2014 anmäldes 12 800 fall av bokföringsbrott. För att ett bokföringsbrott ska föreligga behöver brottsbalkens åsidosättande- och effektrekvisit uppfyllas. Åsidosättanderekvisitet uppfylls om bokföringsskyldigheten åsidosätts. I bokföringslagen står det föreskrivet att bokföringsskyldighet ska fullgöras på ett sätt som stämmer överens med god redovisningssed.Den statliga myndigheten Bokföringsnämnden har ett lagstadgat huvudansvar för utvecklandet av god redovisningssed. År 2004 beslutade Bokföringsnämnden att ändra inriktning av normgivningen för onoterade företag. I och med beslutet påbörjades arbetet med K-projektet med syftet att varje företagskategori ska ha ett heltäckande regelverk för upprättande av årsbokslut respektive årsredovisning. Den kategori som företag ska tillämpa baseras på de krav och val som innefattas av bokföringslagen. År 2014 blev det tvingande för onoterade företag att tillämpa ett K-regelverk.Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka möjligheten till bokföringsbrott om ett företag väljer att redovisa utanför det tillämpade K-regelverket och istället använder sig av en regel i ett annat K-regelverk, så kallad ”cherry-picking”. För att uppnå denna kvalitativa studies syfte har en deduktiv ansats använts för att genomföra en kartläggning av K-regelverkens relation till svensk lagstiftning, vilket har bidragit till en tydlig grund för studiens typfall. Typfallen har kompletterats med en intervju med en strategisk ekorevisor från Ekobrottsmyndigheten.Denna studies resultat visar att en avvikelse från K-regelverken kan anses vara synonymt med en avvikelse från god redovisningssed. I och med detta kan en avvikelse från K-regelverken anses vara ett åsidosättande av bokföringsskyldigheten. För att ett bokföringsbrott ska föreligga behöver det även påvisas att effektrekvisitet är uppfyllt. Ett uppfyllande av effektrekvisitet innebär att företagets räkenskaper inte går att bedöma i huvudsak. I de fall ett företag har valt att lämna information i not om avvikelse från K-regelverk kan det vara svårt att väcka åtal. Studiens resultat visar även att bestämmelserna i K-regelverken verkar ha företräde framför de redovisningsalternativ som årsredovisningslagen möjliggör.En koppling mellan god redovisningssed och K-regelverken har identifierats i denna studie men relationen mellan K-regelverken och lagen är inte helt säkerställd. Trots detta kan studiens resultat påvisa att det ar möjligt för företag att vid ”cherry-pickning” mellan K2 och K3 dömas för bokföringsbrott. / In 2014 there were 12,800 cases of accounting frauds reported in Sweden. According to Penal Code (Brottsbalken), classification of an accounting fraud needs to fulfill two requisites. The first requisite addresses the disregard of accounting obligation. The Accounting Act (Bokföringslagen) prescribes that the accounting obligation must be fulfilled in a manner consistent with generally accepted accounting principles (god redovisningssed).The Swedish Accounting Standards Board (Bokföringsnämnden) is a government authority that has a statutory responsibility for the development of generally accepted accounting principles. In 2004, the board changed its focus of the development of the accounting norms for unlisted companies. With this decision, they began to work on the K-project with the purpose of establishing a comprehensive framework of regulations for the companies’ annual accounts and annual reports. The regulations were divided into different categories based on the companies’ size which were constructed on the requirements and choices encompassed by the Accounting Act. The K-regulations (K-regelverken) became mandatory for unlisted companies in 2014.The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of accounting fraud if a company chooses to deviate from the applied K-regulation and instead use a rule from another K-regulation, what this study calls "cherry-picking". Therefore, this qualitative study utilizes a deductive approach and conducts a survey of K-regulations and their relation to Swedish legislation, which has contributed to a clear basis for the hypothetical cases in this study. The cases in this study have been supplemented by an interview with a strategic economic crime accountant from the Swedish Economic Crime Authority (Ekobrottsmyndigheten).The results of this study show that a deviation from the K-regulations can be considered synonymous with a deviation from the generally accepted accounting principles. With regards to this, a deviation from the K-regulations is seen as a disregard of the accounting obligation. In order to confirm an accounting fraud based on this, the second of the two requisites of Penal Code also needs to be fulfilled, the requisite of effect. The effect requisite is fulfilled when the essence of the accounts cannot be established. It may involve a certain difficulty to prosecute a company which has deviated from the K-regulation but included information in their accounts through their notes. The result of this study also shows that the provisions of the K-regulations takes precedence over the accounting options that the Annual Accounts Act (Årsredovisningslagen) offers.A link between generally accepted accounting principles and K-regulations has been identified in this study, but the relationship between K-regulations and the law is not fully specified. Despite this results of this study demonstrate the underlying risk that companies with applies "cherry-picking" between K2 and K3, may be convicted of accounting fraud.This study is hereinafter written in Swedish.