Through the years, there has been a great deal of archaeological research focused on the earliest farming cultures of Europe (i.e. Early Neolithic). However, little effort has been expended to uncover the type and nature of daily activities performed within Early Neolithic dwellings, particularly in the Balkans. This thesis conducts a spatial analysis of the Early Neolithic pit house levels of the Foeni-Salaş site in southeast Romania, in the northern half of the Balkans, to determine the kinds and locations of activities that occurred in these pit houses. Characteristic Early Neolithic dwellings in the northern Balkans are pit houses. The data are analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology in an attempt to identify non-random patterns that will indicate how the pit house inhabitants used their space. Both visual and statistical (Nearest Neighbor) techniques are used to identify spatial patterns. Spreadsheet data are incorporated into the map database in order to compare and contrast the results from the two techniques of analysis. Map data provides precise artefact locations, while spreadsheet data yield more generalized quad centroid information. Unlike the mapped data, the spreadsheet data also included artefacts recovered in sieves. Utilizing both data types gave a more complexand fuller understanding of how space was used at Foeni-Salaş. The results show that different types of activity areas are present within each of the pit houses. Comparison of interior to exterior artifact distributions demonstrates that most activities take place within pit house. Some of the activities present include weaving, food preparation, butchering, hide processing, pottery making, ritual, and other activities related to the running of households. It was found that these activities are placed in specific locations relative to features within the pit house and the physical structure of the pit house itself. This research adds to the growing body of archaeological research that implements GIS to answer questions and solve problems related to the spatial dimension of human behaviour. / February 2008

Through the years, there has been a great deal of archaeological research focused on the earliest farming cultures of Europe (i.e. Early Neolithic). However, little effort has been expended to uncover the type and nature of daily activities performed within Early Neolithic dwellings, particularly in the Balkans. This thesis conducts a spatial analysis of the Early Neolithic pit house levels of the Foeni-Salaş site in southeast Romania, in the northern half of the Balkans, to determine the kinds and locations of activities that occurred in these pit houses. Characteristic Early Neolithic dwellings in the northern Balkans are pit houses. The data are analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology in an attempt to identify non-random patterns that will indicate how the pit house inhabitants used their space. Both visual and statistical (Nearest Neighbor) techniques are used to identify spatial patterns. Spreadsheet data are incorporated into the map database in order to compare and contrast the results from the two techniques of analysis. Map data provides precise artefact locations, while spreadsheet data yield more generalized quad centroid information. Unlike the mapped data, the spreadsheet data also included artefacts recovered in sieves. Utilizing both data types gave a more complexand fuller understanding of how space was used at Foeni-Salaş. The results show that different types of activity areas are present within each of the pit houses. Comparison of interior to exterior artifact distributions demonstrates that most activities take place within pit house. Some of the activities present include weaving, food preparation, butchering, hide processing, pottery making, ritual, and other activities related to the running of households. It was found that these activities are placed in specific locations relative to features within the pit house and the physical structure of the pit house itself. This research adds to the growing body of archaeological research that implements GIS to answer questions and solve problems related to the spatial dimension of human behaviour.

Through the years, there has been a great deal of archaeological research focused on the earliest farming cultures of Europe (i.e. Early Neolithic). However, little effort has been expended to uncover the type and nature of daily activities performed within Early Neolithic dwellings, particularly in the Balkans. This thesis conducts a spatial analysis of the Early Neolithic pit house levels of the Foeni-Salaş site in southeast Romania, in the northern half of the Balkans, to determine the kinds and locations of activities that occurred in these pit houses. Characteristic Early Neolithic dwellings in the northern Balkans are pit houses. The data are analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology in an attempt to identify non-random patterns that will indicate how the pit house inhabitants used their space. Both visual and statistical (Nearest Neighbor) techniques are used to identify spatial patterns. Spreadsheet data are incorporated into the map database in order to compare and contrast the results from the two techniques of analysis. Map data provides precise artefact locations, while spreadsheet data yield more generalized quad centroid information. Unlike the mapped data, the spreadsheet data also included artefacts recovered in sieves. Utilizing both data types gave a more complexand fuller understanding of how space was used at Foeni-Salaş. The results show that different types of activity areas are present within each of the pit houses. Comparison of interior to exterior artifact distributions demonstrates that most activities take place within pit house. Some of the activities present include weaving, food preparation, butchering, hide processing, pottery making, ritual, and other activities related to the running of households. It was found that these activities are placed in specific locations relative to features within the pit house and the physical structure of the pit house itself. This research adds to the growing body of archaeological research that implements GIS to answer questions and solve problems related to the spatial dimension of human behaviour.

Tyrimo aktualumas: Moksleiviui besimokančiam bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje profesijos pasirinkimas yra labai svarbus ir sudėtingas uždavinys. Dažnai jaunuoliai nežino kokią profesiją pasirinkti. Tikslingam pasirinkimui reikalinga profesinio informavimo pagalba. Šiai pagalbai suteikti mokyklose yra įkurti profesinio informavimo taškai (PIT). Labai svarbu, kad profesinio informavimo taškai veiktų efektyviai, nes nuo to priklauso ar jaunuoliai gebės priimti racionalų profesijos pasirinkimo sprendimą. Siekiant gerinti profesinio informavimo kokybę, vykdomi projektai. Strateginiai dokumentai numato karjeros projektavimo, tarp jų ir ugdymo karjerai paslaugas kreipti taip, kad jos prisidėtų prie visą gyvenimą trunkančių mokymosi ir karjeros kompetencijų ugdymo, integruoto į mokymo ir studijų programas. Šiuo metu vykdomas projektas ,,Ugdymo karjerai ir stebėsenos modelių sukūrimas ir plėtra bendrajame lavinime ir profesiniame mokyme“, kuriuo siekiama modernizuoti ir pagerinti profesinio informavimo kokybę. Tad aktualu išsiaiškinti apie šiuo metu profesinio informavimo taškų vykdomą praktinę veiklą, ar vykdomi projektai siekant gerinti profesinio informavimo kokybę duoda naudos. Tyrimo objektas: Profesinio informavimo taškų veikla ugdant mokinius karjerai Tyrimo tikslas: Remiantis mokslinės literatūros, dokumentų analize bei profesijos patarėjų atsakymų duomenimis išanalizuoti profesinio informavimo taškų veiklos kryptis, ugdant mokinius karjerai. Tyrimo metodai: pedagoginės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Relevance of the research: Selection of a profession for a pupil studying in a general education school is a very important and complex task. Very often young people do not know what profession to choose. Professional information assistance is required for the expedient choice. In order to provide this assistance, professional information points (PIP) were established in schools. It is very important that professional information points operate efficiently since from them depends whether young people will be able to take a rational professional choice decision. In order to improve the quality of professional information, projects have been implemented. It is provided for by strategic documents that career projecting, including services related to career development, are directed in such a way that they contribute to development of life-learning and career competences integrated to teaching and study programs. Currently, project “Elaboration and development of education for career and observation in general education and professional training” has been carried out with which it is striven to modernize and improve the quality of professional information. Therefore, it is relevant to ascertain any practical activities carried out by professional information points, whether the projects being implemented give any benefit when improving the quality of professional information. Object of the research: Activities of professional information points when educating pupils for their... [to full text]

There is growing interest in the use of geochemical analyses for the evaluation of anthropogenically altered soils and other archaeological deposits. Areas of human habitation and activity tend to accumulate greater levels of soil phosphorus and trace metals. These elevated concentrations leave permanent signatures that can only be removed by erosion of the soil itself, and so phosphorus and trace metal mapping have become popular field procedures to identify areas of habitation and activity. Gridded soil samples were collected and soil phosphate and trace metal ions were extracted to identify these activity areas at the ancient Fremont site Wolf Village located in Goshen, UT. The geochemical analysis of the chemical patterns indicates possible areas of ancient activity such as food preparation, craft production, and waste. These results and techniques will be used to help locate additional activity areas for future excavation of the site as well as settlement and activity areas of ancient sites in the western US.

Disertacijos tikslas – šiuo metu turimos medžiagos iš Rytų Lietuvos geležies amžiaus gyvenviečių įvertinimas gyvenviečių archeologijos kontekste. Dėl taip susiklosčiusių istorinių aplinkybių, Lietuvos archeologijos mokslas beveik nuo pat savo ištakų buvo orientuotas gana siaura kryptimi – būtent į etnokultūrinius tyrinėjimus. Dėl šios priežasties didžiausias dėmesys nuolat buvo skiriamas laidojimo paminklams, o gyvenviečių medžiaga laikyta neinformatyvia. Pastaruoju metu, plečiantis archeologijos mokslo interesams, vis daugiau dėmesio skiriama socialiniams, ekonominiams, ideologiniams klausimams, kurių analizė be gyvenviečių medžiagos jau neįmanoma. Tačiau kadangi dauguma gyvenviečių kasinėjimų vykdyta keliant kitus tikslus, kuriems įgyvendinti taikyta kitokia metodika, šios medžiagos panaudojimas yra gana komplikuotas. Turimais duomenimis ne visada galima pasitikėti, jie reikalauja naujos interpretacijos. Disertacijoje daugiausiai dėmesio skiriama metodologiniams gyvenviečių tyrinėjimų ir medžiagos interpretavimo aspektams. Suformuluotas prie Lietuvos geležies amžiaus specifikos pritaikytas gyvenviečių archeologijos modelis, jis derinamas su turimais duomenimis iš Rytų Lietuvos gyvenviečių. Analizuojama, kokiems klausimams spręsti medžiagos turima daugiau, kuriems mažiau, kokie metodai gali padėti išspręsti aktualiausias problemas. Taip pat disertacijoje daug dėmesio skiriama gyvenviečių chronologijos problemoms, kurios iki šiol dar beveik neanalizuotos. Šiuo tikslu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The main goal of this dissertation is the evaluation of the current material from the Iron Age eastern Lithuanian settlements in the context of the settlement archaeology. Historically developed circumstances determined that Lithuanian archaeology nearly from its origins has been oriented mainly towards ethnocultural research. Consequently the material from the burial monuments has been under the greatest consideration, settlement excavations were considered less informative. As the goals of archaeological research are broadening in Lithuania recently, social, economic and ideological aspects of culture are becoming more relevant. Settlement material is essential for the analysis of these subjects. However, as the majority of the settlement excavations were implemented under the different goals with different methods, the employment of their data is complicated. The data is not fully reliable, it requires reconsideration. Methodological aspects of settlement excavation and interpretation of its data are widely analysed in this dissertation. The model of settlement archaeology fitted to the properties of Lithuanian Iron Age sites is introduced here. Data from the Eastern Lithuanian settlements are treated in the context of this model. Problems of the chronology of settlements are under consideration here as well. Pottery from the Eastern Lithuanian settlements was revised for this purpose. The chronological scale with the intervals of 1-3 centuries has been constructed.

The main goal of this dissertation is the evaluation of the current material from the Iron Age eastern Lithuanian settlements in the context of the settlement archaeology. Historically developed circumstances determined that Lithuanian archaeology nearly from its origins has been oriented mainly towards ethnocultural research. Consequently the material from the burial monuments has been under the greatest consideration, settlement excavations were considered less informative. As the goals of archaeological research are broadening in Lithuania recently, social, economic and ideological aspects of culture are becoming more relevant. Settlement material is essential for the analysis of these subjects. However, as the majority of the settlement excavations were implemented under the different goals with different methods, the employment of their data is complicated. The data is not fully reliable, it requires reconsideration. Methodological aspects of settlement excavation and interpretation of its data are widely analysed in this dissertation. The model of settlement archaeology fitted to the properties of Lithuanian Iron Age sites is introduced here. Data from the Eastern Lithuanian settlements are treated in the context of this model. Problems of the chronology of settlements are under consideration here as well. Pottery from the Eastern Lithuanian settlements was revised for this purpose. The chronological scale with the intervals of 1-3 centuries has been constructed. / Disertacijos tikslas – šiuo metu turimos medžiagos iš Rytų Lietuvos geležies amžiaus gyvenviečių įvertinimas gyvenviečių archeologijos kontekste. Dėl taip susiklosčiusių istorinių aplinkybių, Lietuvos archeologijos mokslas beveik nuo pat savo ištakų buvo orientuotas gana siaura kryptimi – būtent į etnokultūrinius tyrinėjimus. Dėl šios priežasties didžiausias dėmesys nuolat buvo skiriamas laidojimo paminklams, o gyvenviečių medžiaga laikyta neinformatyvia. Pastaruoju metu, plečiantis archeologijos mokslo interesams, vis daugiau dėmesio skiriama socialiniams, ekonominiams, ideologiniams klausimams, kurių analizė be gyvenviečių medžiagos jau neįmanoma. Tačiau kadangi dauguma gyvenviečių kasinėjimų vykdyta keliant kitus tikslus, kuriems įgyvendinti taikyta kitokia metodika, šios medžiagos panaudojimas yra gana komplikuotas. Turimais duomenimis ne visada galima pasitikėti, jie reikalauja naujos interpretacijos. Disertacijoje daugiausiai dėmesio skiriama metodologiniams gyvenviečių tyrinėjimų ir medžiagos interpretavimo aspektams. Suformuluotas prie Lietuvos geležies amžiaus specifikos pritaikytas gyvenviečių archeologijos modelis, jis derinamas su turimais duomenimis iš Rytų Lietuvos gyvenviečių. Analizuojama, kokiems klausimams spręsti medžiagos turima daugiau, kuriems mažiau, kokie metodai gali padėti išspręsti aktualiausias problemas. Taip pat disertacijoje daug dėmesio skiriama gyvenviečių chronologijos problemoms, kurios iki šiol dar beveik neanalizuotos. Šiuo tikslu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

South Africa‟s recent participation in the national, regional and international studies revealed that the South African learners perform poorly in mathematics when compared with other same-level learners in other participating countries. In response to the results, the Department of Basic Education implemented intervention strategies such as Foundations for Learning and the Systemic Evaluation among others to enhance learner performance in mathematics. This study investigated the role of Grade R teachers in creating a conducive environment for learning numeracy using schools in the Vhuronga circuit of the Vhembe District in South Africa as case studies. The investigation encompassed: (a) the extent to which Grade R teachers create a conducive environment for learning numeracy; (b) how Grade R teachers are implementing the numeracy curriculum and (c) classroom factors that influence approaches teachers employ during numeracy teaching. A qualitative methodology using case study research design was adopted for collecting data in Grade R classrooms at Vhuronga. Interviews, observation, and document analyses ensured valid data. Qualitative data analysis involved coding and categorizing patterns from field notes in order to identify themes for discussion. The study established that inadequate resources which include limited classroom space, lack of appropriate learning materials, furniture, and in-service teacher training programmes, were impediments that restricted Grade R teachers from creating a conducive environment for learning numeracy. The study further established that whole-class teaching dominated numeracy lessons. A few teachers who taught small classes implemented a variety of play-based activities that encouraged interaction and exploration of adequate learning materials in small-groups in order to create a conducive environment for learning numeracy. In contrast, most teachers with large classes considered the classroom layout fixed. The teachers arranged the desks in rows and engaged the whole-class in similar learning activities. Additionally, the study established the need for ongoing training to refine and update teachers‟ skills in creating well organized classrooms that are conducive for numeracy learning. The study recommends that the Department of Basic Education should create opportunies for Grade R teachers to participate in regular in-service training that emphasize practical work, in order to strengthen their capacity in creating conducive classrooms for learning numeracy and ensure quality education. / Mathematics Education / D. Ed. (Didactics)

Nell’area oggi occupata dall’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano a partire dal 1986 scavi di emergenza hanno messo in luce una porzione del suburbio occidentale di Mediolanum, e in particolare una realtà insediativa suburbana di età imperiale. Un’ampia area di tale insediamento è stata oggetto della presente ricerca che, combinando lo studio dei processi formativi del deposito archeologico e l’analisi quantitativa e statistica degli insiemi di reperti, ha permesso di ricostruire le trasformazioni che ne hanno preceduto e accompagnato la formazione e che ne hanno interessato l’organizzazione spaziale e la distribuzione delle aree di attività. In questo modo è stato possibile comprendere come nel tempo siano avvenuti cambiamenti nei caratteri e nelle finalità della frequentazione dell'area, che sembrano poter gettare nuova luce anche su fenomeni più generali che riguardano l’intero suburbio della città romana. / In the area today occupied by the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano, since 1986, rescue excavations have disclosed a part of Mediolanum’s western suburbium, and in particular an imperial age suburban settlement. A wide area of this settlement has been the object of this research which, combining the study of the formation processes of the archaeological record and the quantitative and statistical analysis of finds assemblages, allowed us to reconstruct the transformations which preceded its formation and those which concerned its spatial organization and activity areas distribution. In this way we have shown that the characteristics and nature of the settlement have considerably changed during the course of time, and these changes seem to shed light even on the general transformations which concern the entire suburbium of the Roman town.

No description available.