Through the years, there has been a great deal of archaeological research focused on the earliest farming cultures of Europe (i.e. Early Neolithic). However, little effort has been expended to uncover the type and nature of daily activities performed within Early Neolithic dwellings, particularly in the Balkans. This thesis conducts a spatial analysis of the Early Neolithic pit house levels of the Foeni-Salaş site in southeast Romania, in the northern half of the Balkans, to determine the kinds and locations of activities that occurred in these pit houses. Characteristic Early Neolithic dwellings in the northern Balkans are pit houses. The data are analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology in an attempt to identify non-random patterns that will indicate how the pit house inhabitants used their space. Both visual and statistical (Nearest Neighbor) techniques are used to identify spatial patterns. Spreadsheet data are incorporated into the map database in order to compare and contrast the results from the two techniques of analysis. Map data provides precise artefact locations, while spreadsheet data yield more generalized quad centroid information. Unlike the mapped data, the spreadsheet data also included artefacts recovered in sieves. Utilizing both data types gave a more complexand fuller understanding of how space was used at Foeni-Salaş. The results show that different types of activity areas are present within each of the pit houses. Comparison of interior to exterior artifact distributions demonstrates that most activities take place within pit house. Some of the activities present include weaving, food preparation, butchering, hide processing, pottery making, ritual, and other activities related to the running of households. It was found that these activities are placed in specific locations relative to features within the pit house and the physical structure of the pit house itself. This research adds to the growing body of archaeological research that implements GIS to answer questions and solve problems related to the spatial dimension of human behaviour. / February 2008

Through the years, there has been a great deal of archaeological research focused on the earliest farming cultures of Europe (i.e. Early Neolithic). However, little effort has been expended to uncover the type and nature of daily activities performed within Early Neolithic dwellings, particularly in the Balkans. This thesis conducts a spatial analysis of the Early Neolithic pit house levels of the Foeni-Salaş site in southeast Romania, in the northern half of the Balkans, to determine the kinds and locations of activities that occurred in these pit houses. Characteristic Early Neolithic dwellings in the northern Balkans are pit houses. The data are analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology in an attempt to identify non-random patterns that will indicate how the pit house inhabitants used their space. Both visual and statistical (Nearest Neighbor) techniques are used to identify spatial patterns. Spreadsheet data are incorporated into the map database in order to compare and contrast the results from the two techniques of analysis. Map data provides precise artefact locations, while spreadsheet data yield more generalized quad centroid information. Unlike the mapped data, the spreadsheet data also included artefacts recovered in sieves. Utilizing both data types gave a more complexand fuller understanding of how space was used at Foeni-Salaş. The results show that different types of activity areas are present within each of the pit houses. Comparison of interior to exterior artifact distributions demonstrates that most activities take place within pit house. Some of the activities present include weaving, food preparation, butchering, hide processing, pottery making, ritual, and other activities related to the running of households. It was found that these activities are placed in specific locations relative to features within the pit house and the physical structure of the pit house itself. This research adds to the growing body of archaeological research that implements GIS to answer questions and solve problems related to the spatial dimension of human behaviour.

Through the years, there has been a great deal of archaeological research focused on the earliest farming cultures of Europe (i.e. Early Neolithic). However, little effort has been expended to uncover the type and nature of daily activities performed within Early Neolithic dwellings, particularly in the Balkans. This thesis conducts a spatial analysis of the Early Neolithic pit house levels of the Foeni-Salaş site in southeast Romania, in the northern half of the Balkans, to determine the kinds and locations of activities that occurred in these pit houses. Characteristic Early Neolithic dwellings in the northern Balkans are pit houses. The data are analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology in an attempt to identify non-random patterns that will indicate how the pit house inhabitants used their space. Both visual and statistical (Nearest Neighbor) techniques are used to identify spatial patterns. Spreadsheet data are incorporated into the map database in order to compare and contrast the results from the two techniques of analysis. Map data provides precise artefact locations, while spreadsheet data yield more generalized quad centroid information. Unlike the mapped data, the spreadsheet data also included artefacts recovered in sieves. Utilizing both data types gave a more complexand fuller understanding of how space was used at Foeni-Salaş. The results show that different types of activity areas are present within each of the pit houses. Comparison of interior to exterior artifact distributions demonstrates that most activities take place within pit house. Some of the activities present include weaving, food preparation, butchering, hide processing, pottery making, ritual, and other activities related to the running of households. It was found that these activities are placed in specific locations relative to features within the pit house and the physical structure of the pit house itself. This research adds to the growing body of archaeological research that implements GIS to answer questions and solve problems related to the spatial dimension of human behaviour.

Tyrimo aktualumas: Moksleiviui besimokančiam bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje profesijos pasirinkimas yra labai svarbus ir sudėtingas uždavinys. Dažnai jaunuoliai nežino kokią profesiją pasirinkti. Tikslingam pasirinkimui reikalinga profesinio informavimo pagalba. Šiai pagalbai suteikti mokyklose yra įkurti profesinio informavimo taškai (PIT). Labai svarbu, kad profesinio informavimo taškai veiktų efektyviai, nes nuo to priklauso ar jaunuoliai gebės priimti racionalų profesijos pasirinkimo sprendimą. Siekiant gerinti profesinio informavimo kokybę, vykdomi projektai. Strateginiai dokumentai numato karjeros projektavimo, tarp jų ir ugdymo karjerai paslaugas kreipti taip, kad jos prisidėtų prie visą gyvenimą trunkančių mokymosi ir karjeros kompetencijų ugdymo, integruoto į mokymo ir studijų programas. Šiuo metu vykdomas projektas ,,Ugdymo karjerai ir stebėsenos modelių sukūrimas ir plėtra bendrajame lavinime ir profesiniame mokyme“, kuriuo siekiama modernizuoti ir pagerinti profesinio informavimo kokybę. Tad aktualu išsiaiškinti apie šiuo metu profesinio informavimo taškų vykdomą praktinę veiklą, ar vykdomi projektai siekant gerinti profesinio informavimo kokybę duoda naudos. Tyrimo objektas: Profesinio informavimo taškų veikla ugdant mokinius karjerai Tyrimo tikslas: Remiantis mokslinės literatūros, dokumentų analize bei profesijos patarėjų atsakymų duomenimis išanalizuoti profesinio informavimo taškų veiklos kryptis, ugdant mokinius karjerai. Tyrimo metodai: pedagoginės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Relevance of the research: Selection of a profession for a pupil studying in a general education school is a very important and complex task. Very often young people do not know what profession to choose. Professional information assistance is required for the expedient choice. In order to provide this assistance, professional information points (PIP) were established in schools. It is very important that professional information points operate efficiently since from them depends whether young people will be able to take a rational professional choice decision. In order to improve the quality of professional information, projects have been implemented. It is provided for by strategic documents that career projecting, including services related to career development, are directed in such a way that they contribute to development of life-learning and career competences integrated to teaching and study programs. Currently, project “Elaboration and development of education for career and observation in general education and professional training” has been carried out with which it is striven to modernize and improve the quality of professional information. Therefore, it is relevant to ascertain any practical activities carried out by professional information points, whether the projects being implemented give any benefit when improving the quality of professional information. Object of the research: Activities of professional information points when educating pupils for their... [to full text]

There is growing interest in the use of geochemical analyses for the evaluation of anthropogenically altered soils and other archaeological deposits. Areas of human habitation and activity tend to accumulate greater levels of soil phosphorus and trace metals. These elevated concentrations leave permanent signatures that can only be removed by erosion of the soil itself, and so phosphorus and trace metal mapping have become popular field procedures to identify areas of habitation and activity. Gridded soil samples were collected and soil phosphate and trace metal ions were extracted to identify these activity areas at the ancient Fremont site Wolf Village located in Goshen, UT. The geochemical analysis of the chemical patterns indicates possible areas of ancient activity such as food preparation, craft production, and waste. These results and techniques will be used to help locate additional activity areas for future excavation of the site as well as settlement and activity areas of ancient sites in the western US.

Disertacijos tikslas – šiuo metu turimos medžiagos iš Rytų Lietuvos geležies amžiaus gyvenviečių įvertinimas gyvenviečių archeologijos kontekste. Dėl taip susiklosčiusių istorinių aplinkybių, Lietuvos archeologijos mokslas beveik nuo pat savo ištakų buvo orientuotas gana siaura kryptimi – būtent į etnokultūrinius tyrinėjimus. Dėl šios priežasties didžiausias dėmesys nuolat buvo skiriamas laidojimo paminklams, o gyvenviečių medžiaga laikyta neinformatyvia. Pastaruoju metu, plečiantis archeologijos mokslo interesams, vis daugiau dėmesio skiriama socialiniams, ekonominiams, ideologiniams klausimams, kurių analizė be gyvenviečių medžiagos jau neįmanoma. Tačiau kadangi dauguma gyvenviečių kasinėjimų vykdyta keliant kitus tikslus, kuriems įgyvendinti taikyta kitokia metodika, šios medžiagos panaudojimas yra gana komplikuotas. Turimais duomenimis ne visada galima pasitikėti, jie reikalauja naujos interpretacijos. Disertacijoje daugiausiai dėmesio skiriama metodologiniams gyvenviečių tyrinėjimų ir medžiagos interpretavimo aspektams. Suformuluotas prie Lietuvos geležies amžiaus specifikos pritaikytas gyvenviečių archeologijos modelis, jis derinamas su turimais duomenimis iš Rytų Lietuvos gyvenviečių. Analizuojama, kokiems klausimams spręsti medžiagos turima daugiau, kuriems mažiau, kokie metodai gali padėti išspręsti aktualiausias problemas. Taip pat disertacijoje daug dėmesio skiriama gyvenviečių chronologijos problemoms, kurios iki šiol dar beveik neanalizuotos. Šiuo tikslu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The main goal of this dissertation is the evaluation of the current material from the Iron Age eastern Lithuanian settlements in the context of the settlement archaeology. Historically developed circumstances determined that Lithuanian archaeology nearly from its origins has been oriented mainly towards ethnocultural research. Consequently the material from the burial monuments has been under the greatest consideration, settlement excavations were considered less informative. As the goals of archaeological research are broadening in Lithuania recently, social, economic and ideological aspects of culture are becoming more relevant. Settlement material is essential for the analysis of these subjects. However, as the majority of the settlement excavations were implemented under the different goals with different methods, the employment of their data is complicated. The data is not fully reliable, it requires reconsideration. Methodological aspects of settlement excavation and interpretation of its data are widely analysed in this dissertation. The model of settlement archaeology fitted to the properties of Lithuanian Iron Age sites is introduced here. Data from the Eastern Lithuanian settlements are treated in the context of this model. Problems of the chronology of settlements are under consideration here as well. Pottery from the Eastern Lithuanian settlements was revised for this purpose. The chronological scale with the intervals of 1-3 centuries has been constructed.

The main goal of this dissertation is the evaluation of the current material from the Iron Age eastern Lithuanian settlements in the context of the settlement archaeology. Historically developed circumstances determined that Lithuanian archaeology nearly from its origins has been oriented mainly towards ethnocultural research. Consequently the material from the burial monuments has been under the greatest consideration, settlement excavations were considered less informative. As the goals of archaeological research are broadening in Lithuania recently, social, economic and ideological aspects of culture are becoming more relevant. Settlement material is essential for the analysis of these subjects. However, as the majority of the settlement excavations were implemented under the different goals with different methods, the employment of their data is complicated. The data is not fully reliable, it requires reconsideration. Methodological aspects of settlement excavation and interpretation of its data are widely analysed in this dissertation. The model of settlement archaeology fitted to the properties of Lithuanian Iron Age sites is introduced here. Data from the Eastern Lithuanian settlements are treated in the context of this model. Problems of the chronology of settlements are under consideration here as well. Pottery from the Eastern Lithuanian settlements was revised for this purpose. The chronological scale with the intervals of 1-3 centuries has been constructed. / Disertacijos tikslas – šiuo metu turimos medžiagos iš Rytų Lietuvos geležies amžiaus gyvenviečių įvertinimas gyvenviečių archeologijos kontekste. Dėl taip susiklosčiusių istorinių aplinkybių, Lietuvos archeologijos mokslas beveik nuo pat savo ištakų buvo orientuotas gana siaura kryptimi – būtent į etnokultūrinius tyrinėjimus. Dėl šios priežasties didžiausias dėmesys nuolat buvo skiriamas laidojimo paminklams, o gyvenviečių medžiaga laikyta neinformatyvia. Pastaruoju metu, plečiantis archeologijos mokslo interesams, vis daugiau dėmesio skiriama socialiniams, ekonominiams, ideologiniams klausimams, kurių analizė be gyvenviečių medžiagos jau neįmanoma. Tačiau kadangi dauguma gyvenviečių kasinėjimų vykdyta keliant kitus tikslus, kuriems įgyvendinti taikyta kitokia metodika, šios medžiagos panaudojimas yra gana komplikuotas. Turimais duomenimis ne visada galima pasitikėti, jie reikalauja naujos interpretacijos. Disertacijoje daugiausiai dėmesio skiriama metodologiniams gyvenviečių tyrinėjimų ir medžiagos interpretavimo aspektams. Suformuluotas prie Lietuvos geležies amžiaus specifikos pritaikytas gyvenviečių archeologijos modelis, jis derinamas su turimais duomenimis iš Rytų Lietuvos gyvenviečių. Analizuojama, kokiems klausimams spręsti medžiagos turima daugiau, kuriems mažiau, kokie metodai gali padėti išspręsti aktualiausias problemas. Taip pat disertacijoje daug dėmesio skiriama gyvenviečių chronologijos problemoms, kurios iki šiol dar beveik neanalizuotos. Šiuo tikslu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

South Africa‟s recent participation in the national, regional and international studies revealed that the South African learners perform poorly in mathematics when compared with other same-level learners in other participating countries. In response to the results, the Department of Basic Education implemented intervention strategies such as Foundations for Learning and the Systemic Evaluation among others to enhance learner performance in mathematics. This study investigated the role of Grade R teachers in creating a conducive environment for learning numeracy using schools in the Vhuronga circuit of the Vhembe District in South Africa as case studies. The investigation encompassed: (a) the extent to which Grade R teachers create a conducive environment for learning numeracy; (b) how Grade R teachers are implementing the numeracy curriculum and (c) classroom factors that influence approaches teachers employ during numeracy teaching. A qualitative methodology using case study research design was adopted for collecting data in Grade R classrooms at Vhuronga. Interviews, observation, and document analyses ensured valid data. Qualitative data analysis involved coding and categorizing patterns from field notes in order to identify themes for discussion. The study established that inadequate resources which include limited classroom space, lack of appropriate learning materials, furniture, and in-service teacher training programmes, were impediments that restricted Grade R teachers from creating a conducive environment for learning numeracy. The study further established that whole-class teaching dominated numeracy lessons. A few teachers who taught small classes implemented a variety of play-based activities that encouraged interaction and exploration of adequate learning materials in small-groups in order to create a conducive environment for learning numeracy. In contrast, most teachers with large classes considered the classroom layout fixed. The teachers arranged the desks in rows and engaged the whole-class in similar learning activities. Additionally, the study established the need for ongoing training to refine and update teachers‟ skills in creating well organized classrooms that are conducive for numeracy learning. The study recommends that the Department of Basic Education should create opportunies for Grade R teachers to participate in regular in-service training that emphasize practical work, in order to strengthen their capacity in creating conducive classrooms for learning numeracy and ensure quality education. / Mathematics Education / D. Ed. (Didactics)

[ES] En los últimos años, se ha vuelto a considerar a la industria como un factor clave del impulso de la economía nacional y de la competitividad de los territorios. Esta apuesta por la reindustrialización supone un reto también de índole territorial que la investigación urbanística y las administraciones deben poder asumir y saber afrontar. Esto nos obliga a mirar hacia el espacio en el que se han desarrollado tradicionalmente las actividades económicas: los polígonos industriales. Unos lugares que han ido evolucionando a lo largo del tiempo hacia nuevas Áreas de Actividad Económica (AAE), en las que no sólo se desarrollan procesos productivos y una creciente actividad logística, sino que también han ido albergando actividades terciarias y empresariales. Sin embargo, la insuficiente planificación territorial de estas áreas ha configurado un tejido urbano escasamente planificado, con asentamientos que no siguen unos criterios mínimos de ordenación y equilibrio territorial. La gran cantidad de suelo industrial, su estado de obsolescencia y abandono en muchos casos no hacen más que poner de manifiesto la necesidad de modelos de transformación ágiles y ambiciosos. La evolución de la actividad económica y sus retos actuales requieren desde la Urbanística una reflexión profunda, considerando nuevos compromisos ambientales y desde perspectivas más amplias, de escala metropolitana. Esta investigación plantea la necesidad de abordar un estudio sobre la situación actual del suelo destinado a actividades económicas, asumiendo que es parte importante de la complejidad de una ciudad y de su territorio. Analizar la situación actual de las AAE del Área Metropolitana de Valencia nos va a permitir detectar y reconocer cuestiones que pueden llegar a ser determinantes para comprender su propia especificidad y potencialidades. Y también nos va a permitir comprender aspectos generales sobre los temas tratados, con el objetivo de avanzar en la búsqueda de visiones renovadas desde la disciplina urbanística para acometer la regeneración de estas áreas. / [CA] En els últims anys, s'ha tornat a considerar a la indústria com un factor clau de l'impuls de l'economia nacional i de la competitivitat dels territoris. Esta aposta per la reindustrialització suposa un repte també d'índole territorial que la investigació urbanística i les administracions han de poder assumir i saber afrontar. Això ens obliga a mirar cap a l'espai en el qual s'han desenvolupat tradicionalment les activitats econòmiques: els polígons industrials. Uns llocs que han anat evolucionant al llarg del temps cap a noves Àrees d'Activitat Econòmica (AAE), en les quals no sols es desenvolupen processos productius i una creixent activitat logística, sinó que també han anat albergant activitats terciàries i empresarials. No obstant això, la insuficient planificació territorial d'estes àrees ha configurat un teixit urbà escassament planificat, amb assentaments que no seguixen uns criteris mínims d'ordenació i equilibri territorial. La gran quantitat de sòl industrial, el seu estat d'obsolescència i el seu abandó en molts casos no fan més que posar de manifest la necessitat de models de transformació àgils i ambiciosos. L'evolució de l'activitat econòmica i els seus reptes actuals requerixen des de la Urbanística una reflexió profunda, considerant nous compromisos ambientals i des de perspectives més àmplies, d'escala metropolitana. Esta investigació planteja la necessitat d'abordar un estudi sobre la situació actual del sòl destinat a activitats econòmiques, assumint que és part important de la complexitat d'una ciutat i del seu territori. Analitzar la situació actual de les AAE de l'Àrea Metropolitana de València ens permetrà detectar i reconéixer qüestions que poden arribar a ser determinants per a comprendre la seua pròpia especificitat i potencialitats. I també ens permetrà comprendre aspectes generals sobre els temes tractats, amb l'objectiu d'avançar en la cerca de visions renovades des de la disciplina urbanística per a afrontarla regeneració d'estes àrees. / [EN] In recent years, industry has once again been considered a key factor in driving the national economy and territorial competitiveness. This commitment to reindustrialisation is also a territorial challenge that urban planning and public administrations must be able to take on and be able to deal with. This forces us to look at the spaces where economic activities have traditionally taken place: industrial estates. Areas that have evolved over time into new Areas of Economic Activity (AEA), in which not only productive processes and growing logistical activity take place, but also tertiary and business activities. However, the insufficient territorial planning of these areas has led to a poorly planned urban fabric, with settlements that do not meet the minimum standards of territorial balance and planning. The large quantity of industrial land, and in many cases, its state of obsolescence and abandonment clearly demonstrate the need for transformation models that are agile and ambitious. The evolution of economic activity and its current challenges require an in-depth reflection from the urban planning discipline, considering new environmental commitments and broader perspectives from a metropolitan scale. This research proposes the need to undertake a study on the current state of land allocated for economic activities, on the assumption that it plays an important role in the complexity of a city and its territory. Analysing the current state of AEA in the Metropolitan Area of Valencia will allow us to detect and recognise issues that may be decisive in understanding their own specificity and potential. And it will also allow us to understand general aspects of the issues dealt with, with the aim of advancing the search for renewed visions of urban planning to undertake the regeneration of these areas. / Gascón Hernández, AM. (2024). Las áreas de actividad económica ante los nuevos retos territoriales. Revisión y cambio en las estrategias de intervención [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/205223

Nell’area oggi occupata dall’Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano a partire dal 1986 scavi di emergenza hanno messo in luce una porzione del suburbio occidentale di Mediolanum, e in particolare una realtà insediativa suburbana di età imperiale. Un’ampia area di tale insediamento è stata oggetto della presente ricerca che, combinando lo studio dei processi formativi del deposito archeologico e l’analisi quantitativa e statistica degli insiemi di reperti, ha permesso di ricostruire le trasformazioni che ne hanno preceduto e accompagnato la formazione e che ne hanno interessato l’organizzazione spaziale e la distribuzione delle aree di attività. In questo modo è stato possibile comprendere come nel tempo siano avvenuti cambiamenti nei caratteri e nelle finalità della frequentazione dell'area, che sembrano poter gettare nuova luce anche su fenomeni più generali che riguardano l’intero suburbio della città romana. / In the area today occupied by the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano, since 1986, rescue excavations have disclosed a part of Mediolanum’s western suburbium, and in particular an imperial age suburban settlement. A wide area of this settlement has been the object of this research which, combining the study of the formation processes of the archaeological record and the quantitative and statistical analysis of finds assemblages, allowed us to reconstruct the transformations which preceded its formation and those which concerned its spatial organization and activity areas distribution. In this way we have shown that the characteristics and nature of the settlement have considerably changed during the course of time, and these changes seem to shed light even on the general transformations which concern the entire suburbium of the Roman town.