Engaging in muscle strengthening activities (MSA) as part of a physical activity program offers health benefits. Although the merits of physical activity are well documented, many adults fail to meet appropriate levels as recommended in the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (PAGA). To get a more complete understanding on an individual's physical activity behaviors, the Tracking Resistance Exercise and Strength Training (TREST) internet based survey was developed. The purpose of the current study was to determine the test-retest reliability of TREST items. Additionally, the prevalence of participants meeting the 2008 PAGA was reported by gender. The survey was completed approximately two weeks apart by 224 (52% male) undergraduate kinesiology students. Analysis of the survey items presented TREST as a reliable instrument in assessing an individual's physical activity behavior with a focus on MSA. Among the convenience sample of 445 participants (56% male) that completed the survey in assessment #1, 73% met the 2008 PAGA minimum recommendations for MSA (>=2 days/week) and aerobic activity (>= 150 min MVPA). A more complete MSA and MVPA criteria was established (requiring MSA of all seven major muscle groups) and only 32% of participants met this guideline. In general, men engaged in aerobic exercise and MSA more than women. These results cannot be generalized due the age, activity level, and education of the study's participants. Future studies should investigate the validity of TREST items among a sample of varying fitness levels, races/ethnicities, ages, and educational levels.

Bakgrund: Patienter som ventilatorvårdas på intensivvårdsavdelning behöver ofta någon form av lätt sömn (sedering) för att tolerera endotrachealtuben och ventilatorbehandling. De traditionella intravenösa läkemedel som ges har lång halveringstid och det är stor risk för kvardröjande effekter. Syfte: Denna pilotstudie syftar till att studera sederingsdjupet enligt MAAS hos de patienter som blivit sederade med inhalationsgas, kontrollera vakenhetsgraden enligt GCS hos dessa patienter efter avslutad sedering, samt beskriva vilka patientgrupperna är som fått inhalationssedering. Metod: Journalgranskning där resultatet har analyserats och kategoriserats, därefter har en sambandsanalys gjorts. Resultat: I resultatet identifierades 3 patientkategorier som fått isofluransedering: patienter med hotad luftväg som förväntats behöva kort sederingstid och snabb väckning, patienter som var svåra att sedera optimalt med intravenös metod samt patienter med organsvikt där risk för ackumulation och/ eller förlängd elimination av läkemedel förelåg. Något samband mellan MAAS 12 timmar före extubation och GCS- värde efter väckning hos de 14 patienter som ingick i studien har inte kunna styrkas. Konklusion: Inhalationssedering med isofluran förefaller vara en effektiv sederingsmetod när en lättstyrd sederingssituation med möjlighet till snabb väckning prioriteras, samt när man strävar efter att patienten ska uppnå 14-15 i GCS- värde så snart som möjligt efter väckning och extubation. / Background: Patients which are nursed by ventilator at the intensive care unit often need some form of sedative in order to tolerate an endotracheal tube and the ventilator treatment. The traditional intravenous drugs have a long half- life and potential risk for lingering effects. Aim: This pilot study aim to study the depth of sedation according to MAAS with the patients having been sedated with inhalation gas, check alertness according to GCS with these patients after completion of sedation, and describe which group of patients that have received inhalation treatment. Method: Journal Review where the result have been analysed and categorized then a link analysis has been made. Result: In the result three patient categories were identified which had received isoflurane sedation: patients with threatened airway and expected short time of sedation and fast wake- up, patients which were difficult to sedate optimally with intravenous method, and patients with organ failure where risk for accumulation and/ or  extended elimination of drugs were expected. Any relationship between MAAS 12 hour prior to extubation and GCS- score after awakening with the 14 patients included in the study have not been established. Conclusion: Sedation by isoflurane inhalation seems to be an effective sedation method when an easily controlled sedation situation with the possibility of a fast awakening are prioritized as well as when the strive is to achieve a GCS- score of 14-15 as soon as possible after awakening and extubation.

No description available.

Baigiamajame darbe atliekamas Druskininkų savivaldybės veiklos vertinimas. Vertinamas strateginis planavimas ir komunikacijos įtaka veiklos rezultatams. Ši tema aktuali, nes savivaldybė yra viena svarbiausių viešojo sektoriaus dalių, kurios veikla daro poveikį vietos gyventojams. Darbo problema - ar Druskininkų savivaldybės atstovai pakankamai komunikuoja su vietos gyventojais, ar strateginiai planai rengiami ir įgyvendinami kokybiškai, o jų rezultatai naudą vietos gyventojams? Darbo tikslas - ištirti Druskininkų savivaldybės veiklą strateginio planavimo ir komunikacijos su vietos gyventojais aspektu ir įvertinti pasiektus rezultatus. Darbo uždaviniai: 1) Pateikti veiklos vertinimo teorinius aspektus. 2)Sudaryti Druskininkų savivaldybės veiklos vertinimo modelį. 3) Išanalizuoti Druskininkų savivaldybės strateginius dokumentus. 4) Ištirti vietos gyventojų nuomonę. 5)Įvertinti Druskininkų savivaldybės veiklą, pateikti išvadas bei siūlymus. Tyrimo metodai - anketinė apklausa; dokumentų analizė. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad Druskininkų savivaldybė veiklą planuoja ir įgyvendina sėkmingai. Dauguma vietos gyventojų veiklą vertina gerai, tačiau mano, kad savivaldybės atstovai nepakankamai bendrauja ir neišsiaiškina jų poreikių. Remiantis gautais tyrimų rezultatais suformuluojamos išvados, kuriose teigiama, kad veiklos vertinimas padėjo atskleisti, kad strateginis planavimas padeda spręsti aktualias vietos gyventojų problemas, o siekiant tinkamai jas nustatyti būtina tobulinti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In the course of the Final Paper the evaluation of Druskininkai Municipality is carried out. Strategic planning and the influence of communication on the results of activity is evaluated. This topic is actual as municipality is one of the most important parts of public sector, and its activities directly influence local inhabitants. The problem of the Paper is to determine whether the members of Druskininkai Municipality communicate enough with local people and if strategic plans are prepared and implemented qualitatively, thus giving benefit to local people. The aim of the Paper – to survey the activity of Druskininkai Municipality in the aspect of strategic planning and communication with local people and to evaluate the acquired results. The objectives of the Paper: 1) To present the theoretical aspects of activity evaluation. 2) To structure the model of Druskininkai Municipality activity evaluation. 3) To analyse the strategic documents of Druskininkai Municipality. 4) To survey the opinion of local people. 5) To evaluate the activities of Druskininkai Municipality, present conclusions and suggestions. The methods of the survey: questionnaires and the analysis of documents. The results of the survey showed that Druskininkai Municipality plans and implements its activities successfully. The majority of local inhabitants positively evaluate its activities, but think that the members of the municipality insufficiently communicate with them and do not ascertain their needs... [to full text]

Atualmente, acredita-se que detecção de lesões de cárie desde os estágios mais iniciais e a avaliação da atividade de cárie poderiam guiar a escolha da melhor opção de tratamento para o paciente e consequentemente, minimizar custos adicionais em curto e longo prazo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar como a detecção de lesões de cárie em todos os estágios e a avaliação da atividade de cárie impactam em termos de 1) tempo, custo e desconforto reportado pelo paciente durante o exame das lesões cárie; 2) mudanças esperadas no planejamento do tratamento frente a essa estratégia e 3) necessidades de reintervenção operatória (desfecho primário), impacto na qualidade de vida do paciente e satisfação dos responsáveis. Para este estudo clínico controlado randomizado com grupos paralelos (CARDEC-02, NCT02473107) foram examinadas crianças de 3-6 anos com dentição decídua completa, que buscaram atendimento, em Barueri-SP, exceto as que não podiam ser seguidas ou consentimento/assentimento não foram obtidos. As crianças foram randomizadas, em bloco, por uma sequência gerada de acordo com a estratégia de diagnóstico: GA (detecção apenas das lesões moderadas e avançadas (escores ICDAS 3 a 6), sem avaliação da atividade) e GB (detecção e avaliação da atividade de lesões em todos os estágios de severidade (escores ICDAS 1 a 6)). O plano de tratamento de cada criança foi elaborado e realizado conforme a estratégia. As crianças foram seguidas por 6 e 12 meses. Para o objetivo 1, registrou-se o tempo gasto e os materiais consumidos em cada sessão de diagnóstico de cárie. Para o objetivo 2, as crianças do GA foram examinadas duas vezes (n=130), levando ou não em conta as lesões iniciais e o status de atividade. O tratamento planejado por cada estratégia foi, então, comparado. O impacto no custo do tratamento (por criança) foi estimado, em reais, considerando valores publicados (Schwendicke et al.,2015). Para o objetivo 3, o desfecho primário foi o número de superfícies com necessidades de tratamento operatório (presença de lesões de cárie cavitadas em dentina, substituição de restaurações, tratamento endodôntico e/ou exodontia) durante o acompanhamento de 12 meses. Tempo e custo dos procedimentos, qualidade de vida e satisfação também foram coletados durante o seguimento. Foram incluídos 260 pacientes (idade:4,5±0,9anos, ceo-s:3,8±6,5). 221 crianças foram reavaliadas após 1 ano. Detectar todas as lesões consumiu maior tempo (39s), entretanto isso não causou diferença no custo dos exames. Em análise antes-e-depois, a detecção de lesões iniciais aumentaria em 35% a necessidade de tratamento não-operatório e a avaliação da atividade pouparia o tratamento operatório em 5% dos pacientes. Após um ano, a necessidades de intervenção operatória foi semelhante entre os grupos (GA 2,7±4,7;GB 2,8±5,1; p=0,861), assim como o custo cumulativo/criança decorrente do tratamento resultante de cada estratégia (GA R$213,11±218,48;GB R$223,64±225,72; p=0,702). Ambas as estratégias tiveram resultados semelhantes quanto ao impacto na qualidade de vida do paciente e na satisfação dos responsáveis. Conclui-se, assim, que da detecção inicial e da avaliação da atividade de lesões de cárie em dentes decíduos causam um impacto mínimo após um ano de acompanhamento. / Currently, it is believed that caries detection since the earliest stages and caries activity assessment could guide the best option of treatment for the patient and consequently minimize additional costs in a short and long-term analysis. The objective of this study was to evaluate how detecting of any stage of caries lesions (all severities) and caries activity assessment could impact in terms of 1) time, cost and discomfort reported by the child in caries examination session; 2) expected changes in treatment planning in concerning the diagnostic strategy and 3) the need, after one year, for new operative intervention (primary outcome), impact on child\'s quality of life and their parents\' satisfaction. For this randomized controlled clinical study with parallel groups (CARDEC-02, NCT02473107), children aged 3-6 years with complete primary dentition, who sought for dental care in Barueri-SP, were examined, except those that could not be followed or consent was not obtained. Children were randomized in blocks, by a sequence generated according to the diagnostic strategy: GA (detection of moderate and advanced lesions only (ICDAS scores 3 to 6) without evaluation of activity) and GB (detection and activity assessment of lesions at all severities (ICDAS scores 1 to 6)). The treatment plan for each child was made and carried out according to the strategy. Children were followed for 6 and 12 months. For objective 1, the time spent and the materials used in each caries diagnosis session were recorded. For objective 2, children from the GA group were examined twice (n = 130), considering or not initial lesions and activity status. The treatment planned by each strategy was then compared. The impact on the cost of treatment (per child) was estimated, in Brazilian Real, considering published values (Schwendicke et al., 2015). For objective 3, the primary endpoint was the number of surfaces with operative treatment needs (presence of dentine cavitated lesions, replacement of restorations, endodontic treatment and/or extraction) during the 12-month follow-up. Time and cost of procedures, quality of life and satisfaction were also collected during follow-up. 260 patients (age: 4.5 ± 0.9 years, dmf-s: 3.8 ± 6.5) were included. 221 children were re-evaluated after 1 year. Detecting all lesions consumed longer time (39s), however this did not cause any difference in the cost of exams. In the before-and-after analysis, the detection of initial lesions would increase the need for non-operative treatment in 35% and the activity assessment would save operative treatment in 5% of the patients. After one year, operative intervention requirements were similar between groups (GA 2.7 ± 4.7, GB 2.8 ± 5.1; p = 0.881), as well as the cumulative cost per child from the treatment of each strategy (GA R$ 213.11 ± 218.48, GB R$ 223.64 ± 225.72; p = 0.702). Both strategies had similar results regarding impact on the patient\'s quality of life and satisfaction of their parents. It was concluded, therefore, that the detection of initial lesions and activity assessment in primary teeth cause minimal impact after one year of follow-up.

Tyrime dalyvavo 18 - 69 metų amžiaus 92 tiriamieji, 63 moterys ir 29 vyrai. Darbe naudoti tiesioginis (akselerometrija) ir netiesioginis (IPAQ-LT trumposios versijos klausimynas) metodai, siekiant įvertinti tiriamųjų bendrą savaitės fizinį aktyvumą ir palyginti gautus duomenis tarpusavyje. Kiekvienas tyrimo dalyvis IPAQ-LT trumposios versijos anketą pildė baigęs fizinio aktyvumo (FA) vertinimą akselerometru (buvo prisimenamas FA praėjusios savaitės – pirmas anketų pildymo atvejis) ir kitą - po savaitės baigus FA vertinimą akselerometru (buvo prašoma ,,prisiminti“ FA vykusį už praėjusią savaitę - antras anketų pildymo atvejis). Pagal IPAQ-LT trumposios versijos pirmo ir antro anketos pildymo atvejų gautus bendrus savaitės fizinio aktyvumo duomenis, tarp pirmo ir antro anketos pildymo atvejų egzistuoja vidutinis koreliacinis ryšys (rho=0,531, p=0,01). Vertinant akselerometro pagalba gautus duomenis ir lyginant juos su anketų duomenimis (bendro savaitės fizinio aktyvumo pirmo ir antro anketos pildymo atvejų) tarp akselerometro nustatyto FA ir IPAQ-LT pirmo anketų pildymo atvejo egzistuoja silpnas koreliacinis ryšys (r=0,270, p=0,009), o tarp antro IPAQ-LT anketų pildymo atvejo – labai silpnas ryšys (r=0,057, p=0,591). Tyrimo metu gauti rezultatai leidžia teigti, kad dauguma tyrime dalyvavusių savanorių savo fizinį aktyvumą buvo linkę pervertinti. Tyrimo objektas - IPAQ-LT trumposios versijos klausimynas ir jo patikimumo bei pagrįstumo nustatymas. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The study involved 92 18 - 69 year old subjects, 63 women and 29 men. In our work we used the direct (accelerometer) and indirect (IPAQ-LT short version of the questionnaire) methods to assess the total weekly physical activity and compare the findings with each other. Each study participant the first International physical activity questionnaire short Lithuanian version filled when completed physical activity estimation with accelerometer (physical activity was remembered of the last week - the first case of the questionnaires filling and another - after a week when physical activity estimation was completed with accelerometer (was asked „to remember“ physical activity that was done for the last week - the second case of the questionnaires filling). According to the IPAQ-LT short version the first and second questionnaire filling cases received the total weekly physical activity data between the first and second questionnaire filling cases exists a moderate correlation (rho=0,531, p=0,01). Evaluating the data of accelerometer and comparing them with the questionnaire data (the first and second guestionnaire filling cases of the total weekly physical activity) between the accelerometer and the the first guestionnaires filling case there is a small correlation (r=0,270, p=0,009), but between the second guestionnaires filling case - a very small (negligible) correliation (r=0,057, p=0,591). The study results suggest that the majority of volunteers in the study of their... [to full text]

Atualmente, acredita-se que detecção de lesões de cárie desde os estágios mais iniciais e a avaliação da atividade de cárie poderiam guiar a escolha da melhor opção de tratamento para o paciente e consequentemente, minimizar custos adicionais em curto e longo prazo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar como a detecção de lesões de cárie em todos os estágios e a avaliação da atividade de cárie impactam em termos de 1) tempo, custo e desconforto reportado pelo paciente durante o exame das lesões cárie; 2) mudanças esperadas no planejamento do tratamento frente a essa estratégia e 3) necessidades de reintervenção operatória (desfecho primário), impacto na qualidade de vida do paciente e satisfação dos responsáveis. Para este estudo clínico controlado randomizado com grupos paralelos (CARDEC-02, NCT02473107) foram examinadas crianças de 3-6 anos com dentição decídua completa, que buscaram atendimento, em Barueri-SP, exceto as que não podiam ser seguidas ou consentimento/assentimento não foram obtidos. As crianças foram randomizadas, em bloco, por uma sequência gerada de acordo com a estratégia de diagnóstico: GA (detecção apenas das lesões moderadas e avançadas (escores ICDAS 3 a 6), sem avaliação da atividade) e GB (detecção e avaliação da atividade de lesões em todos os estágios de severidade (escores ICDAS 1 a 6)). O plano de tratamento de cada criança foi elaborado e realizado conforme a estratégia. As crianças foram seguidas por 6 e 12 meses. Para o objetivo 1, registrou-se o tempo gasto e os materiais consumidos em cada sessão de diagnóstico de cárie. Para o objetivo 2, as crianças do GA foram examinadas duas vezes (n=130), levando ou não em conta as lesões iniciais e o status de atividade. O tratamento planejado por cada estratégia foi, então, comparado. O impacto no custo do tratamento (por criança) foi estimado, em reais, considerando valores publicados (Schwendicke et al.,2015). Para o objetivo 3, o desfecho primário foi o número de superfícies com necessidades de tratamento operatório (presença de lesões de cárie cavitadas em dentina, substituição de restaurações, tratamento endodôntico e/ou exodontia) durante o acompanhamento de 12 meses. Tempo e custo dos procedimentos, qualidade de vida e satisfação também foram coletados durante o seguimento. Foram incluídos 260 pacientes (idade:4,5±0,9anos, ceo-s:3,8±6,5). 221 crianças foram reavaliadas após 1 ano. Detectar todas as lesões consumiu maior tempo (39s), entretanto isso não causou diferença no custo dos exames. Em análise antes-e-depois, a detecção de lesões iniciais aumentaria em 35% a necessidade de tratamento não-operatório e a avaliação da atividade pouparia o tratamento operatório em 5% dos pacientes. Após um ano, a necessidades de intervenção operatória foi semelhante entre os grupos (GA 2,7±4,7;GB 2,8±5,1; p=0,861), assim como o custo cumulativo/criança decorrente do tratamento resultante de cada estratégia (GA R$213,11±218,48;GB R$223,64±225,72; p=0,702). Ambas as estratégias tiveram resultados semelhantes quanto ao impacto na qualidade de vida do paciente e na satisfação dos responsáveis. Conclui-se, assim, que da detecção inicial e da avaliação da atividade de lesões de cárie em dentes decíduos causam um impacto mínimo após um ano de acompanhamento. / Currently, it is believed that caries detection since the earliest stages and caries activity assessment could guide the best option of treatment for the patient and consequently minimize additional costs in a short and long-term analysis. The objective of this study was to evaluate how detecting of any stage of caries lesions (all severities) and caries activity assessment could impact in terms of 1) time, cost and discomfort reported by the child in caries examination session; 2) expected changes in treatment planning in concerning the diagnostic strategy and 3) the need, after one year, for new operative intervention (primary outcome), impact on child\'s quality of life and their parents\' satisfaction. For this randomized controlled clinical study with parallel groups (CARDEC-02, NCT02473107), children aged 3-6 years with complete primary dentition, who sought for dental care in Barueri-SP, were examined, except those that could not be followed or consent was not obtained. Children were randomized in blocks, by a sequence generated according to the diagnostic strategy: GA (detection of moderate and advanced lesions only (ICDAS scores 3 to 6) without evaluation of activity) and GB (detection and activity assessment of lesions at all severities (ICDAS scores 1 to 6)). The treatment plan for each child was made and carried out according to the strategy. Children were followed for 6 and 12 months. For objective 1, the time spent and the materials used in each caries diagnosis session were recorded. For objective 2, children from the GA group were examined twice (n = 130), considering or not initial lesions and activity status. The treatment planned by each strategy was then compared. The impact on the cost of treatment (per child) was estimated, in Brazilian Real, considering published values (Schwendicke et al., 2015). For objective 3, the primary endpoint was the number of surfaces with operative treatment needs (presence of dentine cavitated lesions, replacement of restorations, endodontic treatment and/or extraction) during the 12-month follow-up. Time and cost of procedures, quality of life and satisfaction were also collected during follow-up. 260 patients (age: 4.5 ± 0.9 years, dmf-s: 3.8 ± 6.5) were included. 221 children were re-evaluated after 1 year. Detecting all lesions consumed longer time (39s), however this did not cause any difference in the cost of exams. In the before-and-after analysis, the detection of initial lesions would increase the need for non-operative treatment in 35% and the activity assessment would save operative treatment in 5% of the patients. After one year, operative intervention requirements were similar between groups (GA 2.7 ± 4.7, GB 2.8 ± 5.1; p = 0.881), as well as the cumulative cost per child from the treatment of each strategy (GA R$ 213.11 ± 218.48, GB R$ 223.64 ± 225.72; p = 0.702). Both strategies had similar results regarding impact on the patient\'s quality of life and satisfaction of their parents. It was concluded, therefore, that the detection of initial lesions and activity assessment in primary teeth cause minimal impact after one year of follow-up.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:57:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Felipe_Fossati_Reichert_parte_1.pdf: 38374 bytes, checksum: 5b8b2b63f3fda834f969b2df28aa7a06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-15 / Background: Prospective studies on physical activity (PA), diet, and body composition in adolescents are lacking, particularly outside high-income countries. The aims of this paper were to describe the methods used for assessing these variables in the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort, and to discuss the fieldwork challenges faced and alternatives to overcome them. Methods: In 2006-7 a sub-sample of the 1993 Pelotas cohort was revisited. PA was estimated using questionnaires, a combined heart rate and motion sensor (Actiheart), and the Actigraph GT1M accelerometer. Diet was investigated by questionnaire. Total body water was determined by stable isotopes. Thirty individuals had their total energy expenditure assessed by double labeled water. All data were collected at participants home. Results: The logistics of the fieldwork and the difficulties in undertaking the study and alternatives to overcome them are presented. Preliminary analyses show that 511 individuals were traced (response rate = 90.0%). Compliance of both adolescents and their families for the motion sensors and body composition measurements was excellent. Conclusions: We conclude it is feasible to carry out high-quality studies on PA in developing countries. We hope the present manuscript will be useful to other researchers interested in carrying out similar studies. / Objetivos: Estudos prospectivos sobre a atividade física (AF), dieta e composição corporal em adolescentes são faltando, principalmente fora de países de alta renda. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram descrever os métodos utilizados para a avaliação dessas variáveis em 1993 Pelotas (Brasil) Birth Cohort, e discutir o trabalho de campo os desafios enfrentados e as alternativas para superá-los. Métodos: Em 2006-7 uma sub-amostra da coorte de Pelotas de 1993, foi revisitado. PA foi estimada utilizando questionários, uma frequência cardíaca combinado e sensor de movimento (Actiheart), ea actigráfico Acelerômetro GT1M. A dieta foi investigada por meio de questionário. Água corporal total foi de determinado por isótopos estáveis. Trinta indivíduos tiveram seu gasto energético total avaliada pela água etiquetada dupla. Todos os dados foram coletados em casa dos participantes. Resultados: A logística do trabalho de campo e as dificuldades em realizar o estudo e as alternativas para superar eles são apresentados. Análises preliminares mostram que 511 pessoas foram rastreados (taxa de resposta = 90,0%). Cumprimento de ambos os adolescentes e suas famílias para o sensores de movimento e medidas de composição corporal foi excelente. Conclusões: Concluímos que é viável realizar estudos de alta qualidade sobre a PA nos países em desenvolvimento. Esperamos que o manuscrito presente será útil para outros pesquisadores interessados em realizar estudos semelhantes.