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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

Association of proton pump inhibitors and concomitant drugs with risk of acute kidney injury: a nested case-control study / プロトンポンプ阻害薬および併用薬の使用と急性腎障害発症リスクとの関連性:ネステッドケースコントロール研究

Ikuta, Keiko 23 March 2023 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24478号 / 医博第4920号 / 新制||医||1062(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 山本 洋介, 教授 近藤 尚己, 教授 柳田 素子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
82

Quiescence-inducing neurons-induced hypometabolism ameliorates acute kidney injury in a mouse model mimicking cardiovascular surgery requiring circulatory arrest / 休眠誘導神経刺激による低代謝誘導は循環停止を要する心血管手術を模したマウスモデルにおいて急性腎障害を抑制する

Kyo, Shouichi 23 March 2023 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24518号 / 医博第4960号 / 新制||医||1065(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 柳田 素子, 教授 江木 盛時, 教授 長船 健二 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
83

Ultrasound Measurement of Change in Kidney Volume Is a Sensitive Indicator of Severity of Renal Parenchymal Injury

Crislip, G. Ryan, Patel, Bansari, Mohamed, Riyaz, Ray, Sarah C., Wei, Qingqing, Sun, Jingping, Polichnowski, Aaron J., Sullivan, Jennifer C., O’Connor, Paul M. 28 August 2020 (has links)
Ultrasound measurement of change in kidney volume is a sensitive indicator of severity of renal parenchymal injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 319: F447–F457, 2020. First published July 20, 2020; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00221.2020.—Noninvasive determination of the severity of parenchymal injury in acute kidney injury remains challenging. Edema is an early pathological process following injury, which may correlate with changes in kidney volume. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that “increases in kidney volume measured in vivo using ultrasound correlate with the degree of renal parenchymal injury.” Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) of varying length was used to produce graded tissue injury. We first determined 1) whether regional kidney volume in rats varied with the severity (0, 15, 30, and 45 min) of warm bilateral IR and 2) whether this correlated with tubular injury score. We then determined whether these changes could be measured in vivo using three-dimensional ultrasound. Finally, we evaluated cumulative changes in kidney volume up to 14 days post-IR in rats to determine whether changes in renal volume were predictive of latent tubular injury following recovery of filtration. Experiments concluded that noninvasive ultrasound measurements of change in kidney volume over 2 wk are predictive of tubular injury following IR even in animals in which plasma creatinine was not elevated. We conclude that ultrasound measurements of volume are a sensitive, noninvasive marker of tissue injury in rats and that the use of three-dimensional ultrasound measurements may provide useful information regarding the timing, severity, and recovery from renal tissue injury in experimental studies.
84

RENAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING SURGERY

Walsh, Michael 04 1900 (has links)
<p>Reduced kidney function around the time of surgery is an important risk factor for postoperative mortality. Despite this there is limited information on how reduced kidney function prior to surgery alters prognosis, what causes sudden decrements in kidney function after surgery (known as acute kidney injury), or how they might be avoided. The studies in this thesis inform these knowledge gaps. Chapter 2 describes the results of a post hoc analysis of the interaction between preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, a marker of kidney function, and postoperative cardiac troponin T, a marker of heart damage, for predicting 30-day mortality in a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Chapter 3 uses administrative and clinical data from a single centre to inform the risk of acute kidney injury after noncardiac surgery by concentrations of preoperative hemoglobin and change in postoperative hemoglobin. Chapter 4 uses the same data to determine a definition of intraoperative hypotension that is prognostic of acute kidney injury, myocardial injury and death. Chapter 5 describes a randomized controlled trial that compares a novel therapeutic procedure called remote ischemic preconditioning to a sham procedure in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
85

The National Early Warning Score and its subcomponents recorded within ±24 hours of emergency medical admission are poor predictors of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury

Faisal, Muhammad, Scally, Andy J., Elgaali, M.A., Richardson, D., Beatson, K., Mohammed, Mohammed A. 01 February 2018 (has links)
Yes / Hospital-acquired Acute Kidney Injury (H-AKI) is a common cause of avoidable morbidity and mortality. To determine if the patients’ vital signs data as defined by a National Early Warning Score (NEWS), can predict H-AKI following emergency admission to hospital. Methods: Analyses of emergency admissions to York hospital over 24-months with NEWS data. We report the area under the curve (AUC) for logistic regression models that used the index NEWS (model A0), plus age and sex (A1), plus subcomponents of NEWS (A2) and two-way interactions (A3). Likewise for maximum NEWS (models B0,B1,B2,B3). Results: 4.05% (1361/33608) of emergency admissions had H-AKI. Models using the index NEWS had the lower AUCs (0.59 to 0.68) than models using the maximum NEWS AUCs (0.75 to 0.77). The maximum NEWS model (B3) was more sensitivity than the index NEWS model (A0) (67.60% vs 19.84%) but identified twice as many cases as being at risk of H-AKI (9581 vs 4099) at a NEWS of 5. Conclusions: The index NEWS is a poor predictor of H-AKI. The maximum NEWS is a better predictor but seems unfeasible because it is only knowable in retrospect and is associated with a substantial increase in workload albeit with improved sensitivity. / The Health Foundation
86

Evaluation der Prognose des akuten Nierenversagens nach kardiopulmonaler Reanimation und milder therapeutischer Hypothermie / Evaluation of the prognosis of acute kidney injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and mild therapeutic hypothermia

Barclay-Steuart, Alexander James 11 February 2016 (has links)
No description available.
87

Efeito protetor da diosmina e hesperidina na nefrotoxidade induzida pela anfotericina B / Protective effect of diosmin and hesperidin in nephrotocicity by amphotericin B

Schlottfeldt, Fabio dos Santos 21 May 2014 (has links)
A lesão renal aguda LRA induzida pela anfotericina B (Anf-B), um antibiótico poliênico isolado do actiniomiceto Streptomyces nodus, ocorre após alguns dias do início da terapia medicamentosa. Os sinais clínicos característicos são acidose, hipocalemia, depleção de magnésio, sódio e poliúria, resultantes da vasoconstrição renal com redução do fluxo sanguíneo renal (FSR), da taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) e toxicidade direta nas células epiteliais tubulares com geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs). A diosmina e hesperidina (DH) são flavonoides com propriedades antioxidantes e anti-inflamatórias. Esse estudo investigou a ação renoprotetora do pré-condicionamento com diosmina e hesperidina em ratos submetidos à toxicidade renal pela Anf-B. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar, adultos e machos distribuídos nos grupos: Salina (controle, 3ml/kg de solução fisiológica 0,9%, salina, intraperitoneal-i.p., uma vez ao dia, cinco dias); DH (50mg/kg de DH na água de bebedouro, dez dias); Anf-B (15mg/kg, i.p. uma vez ao dia, cinco dias); Anf-B+DH (pré-medicação com a solução de DH em água de bebedouro dez dias e a partir do sexto dia do protocolo, Anf-B, 1 vez dia, i.p., 5 dias,). Foram avaliadas a função renal função renal (clearance de creatinina-Clcr, método de Jaffé), as frações de excreção de sódio, potássio e magnésio-FENa, K por meio do método de eletrodo íon seletivos e Mg por Mg por método colorimétrico a lesão oxidativa (peróxidos-PU, FOX-2 e substâncias reativas com o ácido tiobarbitúrico-TBARS urinários). O tratamento com Anf-B resultou em quadro de lesão renal aguda com redução do Clcr, elevação do fluxo urinário, da FENa, da FEK e da FEMg, com elevação de PU e TBARs urinários. O pré-condicionamento com DH demostrou efeito renoprotetor por meio da elevação do Clcr e redução das FENa, FEMg e FEK, além de demonstrar proteção antioxidante confirmada pela redução de metabólitos oxidativos. / The acute kidney inury (AKI) induced by amphotericin B (Amp-B), an antibiotic polyenic group isolated of the actinomycete Streptomyces nodus, occurs after some days of the beginning of drug therapy. Clinical manifestations include acidosis, hypokalemia, magnesium and sodium wasting and polyuria, resulting from renal vasoconstriction with decrease in blood flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and direct toxicity in tubular cells with liberating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Diosmin and hesperidin (DH) are flavonoids with antioxidant and antiinflamatory properties. This study investigated the renoprotective effect of DH in rats submitted to the toxicity by Amp-B. Adult male wistar rats were used and divided in the following groups: Saline (control, 3ml/kg of NaCl 0,9% intraperitoneal (i.p.), once a day, for 5 days); DH (50mg/kg in drinking water, 10 days); Amp-B (15mg/kg, i.p., once a day, 5 days); Amp-B+DH (DH in drinking water, 10 days, from the sixth day, 15mg/kg of Amp-B, i.p., 5 days). Renal function (creatinine clearance-crCl, Jaffé method), sodium, potassium and magnesium excretion fraction, (FENa, FEK,) through selective ion method and FEMg by colorimetric method, oxidative injury (urinary peroxides-FOX-2, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances-TBARS) were evaluated. Amp-B induced AKI with reduction in crCl and increment in FENA, FEK, FEMg, UP and TBARS. The pre-treatment with DH confirmed a renoprotective effect through by increasing GFR and decreasing FENa, FEK, FEMg. In addition, the antioxidant protection was confirmed by reduction of oxidative metabolites by DH.
88

Efeito protetor de fitomedicamento Vitis Vinifera L na lesão renal aguda induzida pelo Tacrolimus / Protective effect of the phytomedicine Vitis Vinifera L in acute kidney injury by Tacrolimus

Silva, Wanessa Teixeira 04 November 2010 (has links)
As lesões renais agudas (LRAs) nefrotóxicas correspondem a 30% dos casos de LRA. A nefrotoxicidade é efeito indesejável de diversos fármacos de uso rotineiro na clínica, entre eles as drogas imunossupressoras. A nefrotoxicidade do Tracolimus (Fk 506) é uma das causas de LRA após o transplante renal. Com a ampla utilização do Fk 506 nas terapias imunossupressoras e devido ao seu potencial nefrotóxico que pode levar à perda do enxerto, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito renoprotetor do extrato de Vitis vinifera L, um fitomedicamento com efeito antiinflamatório e antioxidante, na nefrotoxicidade induzida pelo Tacrolimus em ratos. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar, machos, adultos, pesando entre 250 - 300g, todos tratados 1x/dia por 5 dias, conforme os seguintes grupos: Salina (grupo controle) (NaCl 0,9%, 0,1ml por gavagem); Vitis (Vitis vinifera L 3mg/kg por gavagem), Fk (Tacrolimus 0,5mg/kg por gavagem) e Fk+Vitis (Tacrolimus 0,5mg/kg + 3mg/kg por gavagem). Foram avaliados a função renal (FR) (clearance de creatinina, método Jaffé); os peróxidos urinários (PU) (FOX-2), o malondealdeído (MDA-TBARS) e a histologia renal. Os dados desse estudo confirmaram a lesão nefrotóxica de caráter oxidativo induzida pelo Tacrolimus. A Vitis vinifera L demonstrou efeito renoprotetor significativo, com melhora na FR, redução dos níveis de peroxidação lipídica e proteção histológica. Esse estudo confirmou a renoproteção da Vitis vinifera L na LRA induzida pelo Tacrolimus. / The nephrotoxic injury corresponds to 30% of the acute kidney injury (AKI) cases. Nephrotoxicity is an undesirable effect of several drugs used in the clinic, among them, the imunossupressoras drugs. The Tacrolimus (FK 506) nephrotoxicity is the main cause of AKI after kidney transplantation. Being Fk 506 widely used in the immunessupressive therapies and due to its nephrotoxic effect that can lead to the loss of graft, the aim of this study was evaluate the renoprotective action of Vitis Vinifera L extract , a phitomedicine with antioxidant and antinflammatory effects in the nephrotoxicity induced by FK 506 in rats. Wistar rats, male, adults, weight ranging from 250-300g were used, all treated once/day for 5 days, as the following groups: Saline (control group) (NaCl 0.9%, 0,1ml per gavage), Vitis (Vitis vinifera L, 3mg/Kg per gavage), FK (Tacrolimus 0.5mg/Kg per gavage) and FK+Vitis (Tacrolimus 0.5mg/Kg per gavage + Vitis vinifera L, 3mg/Kg per gavage). Renal Function (RF) (creatinine clearance, Jaffé method), urinary peroxides (FOX-2), malondialdehyde (MDA-TBARS) and the kidney histological were evaluated. The data of this study confirmed the oxidative kidney injury by Tacrolimus. The Vitis vinifera L showed significant renoprotective effect, with improvement in the RF, a reductin in lipid peroxidation and histological protection. This study confirmed the renoprotective effect of Vitis Vinifera in the AKI by Tacrolimus.
89

Efeito da vitamina D na lesão renal aguda provocada por rabdomiólise em ratos / Effect of vitamin D in acute kidney injury induced by rhabdomyolysis in rats

Reis, Natany Garcia 09 February 2018 (has links)
A rabdomiólise é uma causa importante de lesão renal aguda (LRA) e decorre da lise das células musculares esqueléticas, com liberação do conteúdo intracelular para o compartimento extracelular e para a circulação. O extresse oxidativo e o processo inflamatório contribui para as alterações da função e estrutura renal que ocorrem na LRA. Estudos recentes tem evidenciado a participação da Vitamina D (Vit. D) no controle do processo inflamatório e do estresse oxidativo. Este estudo avaliou o efeito do tratamento com calcitriol (1,25-dihidroxivitamina D3) na evolução das alterações de estrutura e função renal, estresse oxidativo e no processo inflamatório renal provocados pela administração de glicerol. Ratos Wistar Hannover machos foram tratados com calcitriol (6 ng/dia, s.c., osmotic pump) ou veículo (salina 0,9%) por 7 dias, sendo no 3º dia injetados com glicerol (50%; 8ml/kg, i.m.) ou salina (8ml/kg, i.m). Os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos: Controle (n=7): receberam veículo s.c. e no 3º dia, injeção i.m de salina; Controle+Vit. D (n=7): receberam calcitriol s.c. e no 3º dia, injeção i.m de salina; Glicerol (n=13): receberam veículo s.c. e no 3º dia, injeção i.m de glicerol; Glicerol+Vit.D (n=10): receberam calcitriol s.c. e no 3º dia, injeção i.m de glicerol. Quatro dias após as injeções foram coletadas amostras de urina, plasma e tecido renal para estudos de função renal, histologia, imunoistoquímica, ELISA e Western blot. Os animais do grupo Glicerol tiveram aumento dos níveis plasmáticos de creatinina, redução da taxa de filtração glomerular, aumento da fração de excreção de sódio e redução da osmolalidade urinária comparados com os dos grupos controles. A análise histológica evidenciou aumento da área intersticial relativa e do número de túbulos com necrose no córtex renal dos animais tratados com glicerol. A lesão tubular foi também constatada pelo aumento da expressão de vimentina e PCNA nos animais do grupo Glicerol, em relação aos controles e ao grupo Glicerol+ Vit. D. Essas alterações foram menos intensas no grupo Glicerol+ Vit. D. A expressão de mioglobina estava aumentada no tecido renal de ambos os grupos tratados com glicerol. O estresse oxidativo foi observado pela aumento da expressão de 8-isoprostano nos animais do grupo Glicerol, essa alteração não estava presente nos animais controles e nos animais Glicerol+Vit. D. Ambos os grupos tratados com glicerol tiveram aumento do número de macrófagos, da expressão de NF-?B e dos níveis de IL1-? no córtex renal. Essas alterações foram atenuadas pelo tratamento com Vit. D. O grupo Glicerol apresentou também maior excreção urinária de VDBP, proteína transportadora de Vit. D e menor número de túbulos com bordadura em escova marcados com cubulina, receptor de Vit. D, em comparação aos grupos Controles e Glicerol+Vit. D. Portanto, a redução do receptor e a perda do transportador, reduz a captação de Vit. D nesse modelo, comprometendo a ativação renal de Vit. D e a sua ação no processo inflamatório e no estresse oxidativo no tecido renal. Concluindo, nossos resultados mostram que o tratamento com calcitriol reduziu as alterações de função e estrutura renal provocadas pelo glicerol. Esse efeito estava associado com a diminuição do processo inflamatório e do estresse oxidativo no tecido renal dos animais tratados com Glicerol+Vit. D. / Rhabdomyolysis provoked by the lysis of skeletal muscle cells can induce acute kidney injury (AKI) with release of intracellular content to the extracellular compartment and circulation. The oxidative stress and the inflammatory process contribute to the changes in renal function and structure in AKI. Recent studies have show the effect of vitamin D (Vit. D) on inflammatory process control and in the oxidative stress. This study evaluated the effect of calcitriol (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) in the renal function and structure induced by glycerol and its relationship with the inflammatory process and the oxidative stress. Male Wistar Hannover rats were treated with calcitriol (6 ng/day, s.c., administered through an osmotic pump) or vehicle (saline 0.9%) for 7 days, and injected with glycerol (50%; 8ml/kg, i.m.) or saline (8ml/kg, i.m) 3 days after the beginning of this treatment. The animals were divided into 4 groups: Control (n = 7): received vehicle s.c. and on 3rd day after an injection i.m of saline; Control + Vit. D (n = 7): received Calcitriol s.c. and 3rd day after an injection i.m of saline; Glycerol (n = 13): received vehicle s.c and on 3rd day after an injection i.m of glycerol and Glycerol + Vit. D (n = 10): received Calcitriol s.c. and 3rd day after an injection i.m of glycerol. Four days after injections, urine samples, plasma and renal tissue were collected for renal function, histology, immunohistochemistry, ELISA and Western blot studies. Glycerol injected rats presented increase in plasma creatinine levels and sodium fractional excretion, and reduction glomerular filtration rate and urinary osmolality compared to controls groups. Histological analysis showed an increase in the relative interstitial area and in the number of tubules with necrosis in the renal cortex of these animals treated with glycerol. The tubular lesion was also evidenced by increased expression of vimentin and PCNA in the animals of the Glycerol group compared to controls. These changes were less intense in the Glycerol + Vit. D group. The myoglobin expression was increased in the renal tissue of both groups of the animal treated with glycerol. The oxidative stress was observed by the increased expression of 8-isoprostane in the kidneys from Glycerol group. However, this change was not observed in the control and Glycerol + Vit. D treated rats. Both glycerol-treated groups had increased number of macrophages, NF-?B expression and IL1- ? levels in the renal cortex. These changes were less intense in Vit. D treated animals. Glycerol group also presented higher urinary excretion of VDBP and less number of tubules with brush border marked with cubilin (Vit. D receptor) compared to the Control and Glycerol + Vit. D. Therefore, the reduction of the receptor and the loss of the transporter, reduces the uptake of Vit. D in this model, compromising the renal activation of Vit. D and its action in the inflammatory process and oxidative stress in renal tissue. In conclusion, our results show that treatment with calcitriol reduced the changes in renal function and structure caused by glycerol. This effect was associated with decreased inflammatory process and oxidative stress in the renal tissue of animals treated with Glycerol + Vit. D.
90

Influência da sobrecarga de sódio em ratos submetidos à  isquemia e reperfusão renal: tratamento com N-acetilcisteína / Influence of sodium overload in rats submitted to renal ischemia and reperfusion; N -acetylcysteine treatment

Pereira, Rafael Canavel 30 May 2018 (has links)
A injúria renal aguda (IRA) é uma complicação renal que necessita de tratamento com urgência, gerando gastos de bilhões de dólares na saúde pública de diversos países. Dentre os tipos mais comuns de IRA é a IRA isquêmica causada por perfusão abaixo do normal ao tecido renal, gerando maior produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS), ativação do sistema renina angiotensina aldosterona (SRAA) local, necrose tubular aguda (NTA). O tratamento com o antioxidante N-acetilcisteína (NAC) tem resultados positivos em diversos modelos de lesão renal. Ao reestabelecer a função renal após a IRA, os pacientes devem seguir dietas restritas quanto a quantidade de proteínas e de sal, entretanto, sabe-se que o sal é um dos maiores causadores de doenças renais e é encontrado de forma exacerbada em diversos tipos de alimentos comumente consumidos no dia a dia. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os efeitos da sobrecarga de sódio sobre a isquemia e reperfusão renal e verificar se o tratamento com NAC é capaz de mitigar os danos causados pela isquemia e reperfusão renal bilateral associada ao alto consumo de sódio. ANIMAIS: Ratos Wistar machos com seis semanas de vida foram divididos em dois tipos de dieta normossódica (NR) com 2,3% de NaCl e hipersódica (HR) com 8% e submetidos ou não (SHAM) à isquemia e reperfusão renal bilateral e tratados ou não com NAC (600 mg/L) VARIÁVEIS: Peso corpóreo, pressão arterial caudal, consumo hídrico e de ração, volume urinário, fração de excreção de sódio e potássio, sódio, potássio, creatinina e uréia sérica, clearance de creatinina, proteinúria e albuminúria, massas cardíaca e renal, diâmetro transverso glomerular e diâmetro transverso do cardiomiócito, fibrose intersticial renal e cardíaca, TAS,TBARS e ácido úrico, expressão gênica de renina, atividade da renina plasmática e renal, taxa de sobrevida. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: A dieta hipersódica associada à isquemia e reperfusão induziu ao aumento da albuminúria, das massas renal e cardíaca e ao desenvolvimento de fibrose intersticial cardíaca e renal, não houve diferença na atividade da renina plasmática e renal, e também no estado REDOX destes animais. NAC foi capaz de prevenir o desenvolvimento de albuminúria, o aumento das massas renal e cardíaca e formação de fibrose / ABSTRACT: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a renal complication that requires urgent treatment and the most common types is ischemic AKI caused by below normal perfusion to renal tissue, generating high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), tissue renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) activation, and acute tubular necrosis (NTA). The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment have shown positive results in several renal injury models. After reestablishment of renal function, patients should be submitted to protein and salt restriction diet. Salt is known to be a major cause of kidney disease. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of sodium overload on renal ischemia and reperfusion and to verify if NAC treatment was able to mitigate the damage caused by bilateral renal ischemia and reperfusion associated with high sodium consumption in diet. ANIMALS: Six-week-old male Wistar rats were divided in normal sodium (NS - 1.3% NaCl) or high sodium (HS - 8.0% NaCl) diet group. Both diet group were submitted to bilateral renal reperfusion and ischemia or not (SHAM), treated or not with NAC (600mg/L). VARIABLES: Body weight, tail blood pressure, water and feed intake, urinary volume excretion, sodium and potassium excretion, sodium, potassium, serum creatinine and urea, creatinine clearance, proteinuria and albuminuria, cardiac and renal masses, transverse diameter glomerular and transverse diameter of the cardiomyocyte, renal and cardiac interstitial fibrosis, TAS, TBARS and serum uric acid, renin gene expression, plasma and renal renin activity, survival curve. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The high sodium diet associated to ischemia and reperfusion induced to albuminuria; increased renal and cardiac mass and to development of cardiac and renal interstitial fibrosis. However, plasma and renal renin activity and REDOX status were not changed. NAC was able to prevent the albuminuria, renal and cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis formation

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