Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1966. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

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Thesis--Columbia University, 1931. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-95).

Thesis--Columbia University, 1931. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-95).

La notion de personnage est problématique dans le contexte de l’épopée antique, en particulier pour les dieux et pour le héros virgilien, Énée. Réhabiliter cette notion afin de mieux cerner le personnage épique et, avec lui, le Lecteur Modèle de l’épopée, nécessite donc une étude de la terminologie. La première partie s’attache ainsi à définir les critères et les limites à donner à l’effet-personnage dans l’Énéide en envisageant notamment la tradition d’interprétation allégorique des dieux. Les deux parties suivantes sont centrées chacune sur un personnage et l’on y examine les rapports qui s’établissent entre narrateur, personnage et lecteur en partant du postulat selon lequel le narrateur, en tant que relais d’une identification primaire, apparaît comme un guide dans la réception du personnage. Énée, parce qu’il est l’élu du destin, se voit parfois dénier le titre de personnage ; par sa nature de demi-dieu, il se situe en outre à la croisée des deux mondes, humain et divin. La déesse Junon offre l’occasion d’appliquer les principes définis dans la première partie pour l’attribution du statut de personnage aux dieux ; en outre, c’est son action qui constitue la matière de l’action racontée et confère son rythme au récit. / The litterary concept of character considered in the context of Ancient Epic is a source of controversial, especially for the gods and Vergil’s hero, Aeneas. Reconsidering this notion, in order to figure out more clearly the epic character and the epic « Model Reader », requires a close study of the terminology. The first part of this thesis tries to determine the criteria defining the « character-effect » in the Aeneid and the limits of this notion, surveying, among others, the allegoric traditions about the gods in Ancient Epic. Each of the two following parts focuses on a single character and analyses of the relationship between the narrator, the character and the reader, starting from the premise that the reader identifies primarily with the narrator, who will guide him in his reception of the characters. To Aeneas, as the Elected of fate, the title of character is sometimes denied ; as a demi-god, he stands at the intersection of the divine and the human worlds. A study of Juno then brings the opportunity to assess the principles defined in the first part about the gods and their status as characters of the epic ; moreover, Juno’s actions supply the narrative material, and contribute to define its tempo.

Ce travail s’inscrit dans le sillage des études récentes sur la mémoire culturelle et démontre comment la notion de mémoire joue un rôle clef dans le déroulement de l’Énéide. L’épopée virgilienne attire fréquemment l’attention du lecteur sur la fabrique poétique d’une atmosphère mémorielle identifiable à travers les lieux de mémoire, des objets signifiants (monimenta) et certains personnages divins et humains. Parmi ces personnages, Anchise représente la mémoire du passé et Ascagne-Iule symbolise le futur en tant qu’ancêtre de la gens Iulia, tandis qu’Énée s’affirme comme le parangon de la memoria romana. Ses choix, ses errances, son séjour carthaginois, sa catabase, sa visite de Pallantée et même le meurtre de Turnus sont imprégnés de la dialectique de la mémoire et de l’oubli. Ces observations permettent de poser un nouveau regard sur le sens général du poème et d’interroger la réception de l’Énéide comme racontant l’accomplissement des fata de Jupiter. Le poème épique renvoie aussi à la narrativisation de la conquête progressive de la mémoire par Énée, qui offre d’intéressants échos aux préoccupations augustéennes sur l’alternative embarrassante entre la vengeance (ultio) et la clémence (clementia). Le poète suscite ainsi une réflexion sur la mémoire comme un puissant moteur de l’action épique, également présentée comme un lien entre les hommes et les époques grâce à la construction d’une mémoire culturelle romaine, héritière des identités culturelles troyenne et latine. Virgile n’utilise pas seulement la mémoire comme la pierre de touche de son poème mais témoigne souvent d’une forme de « mémoire rétroverse », un concept forgé pour les besoins de ce travail. Dans plusieurs passages, Virgile regarde en effet les événements qui ont lieu à l’époque d’Énée avec la subjectivité embarquée d’un poète vivant à l’époque augustéenne. Ce point de vue rétrospectif et prospectif offre un aperçu intéressant de la construction de la mémoire dans l’épopée et de son télos augustéen. / This work draws on recent studies of cultural memory and aims to demonstrate that the notion of memory has a key role to play in the unfolding plot of the Aeneid. The virgilian epic calls the reader’s attention, more often than not, to the poetic fabric of a memorial atmosphere which is identified through ‘places of memory’; meaningful and powerful objects (monimenta); and divine and human characters. From theses characters Aeneas’s family emerges: Anchises represents the past and Ascanius-Iulus embodies the future as the ancestor of the gens Iulia. Aeneas, meanwhile, is the parangon of Memoria Romana. His every choice, the wanderings, the Carthaginian temptation, the catabasis, the visit of Pallanteum and even the death of Turnus at the end of the Aeneid, are permeated throughout with the dialectic of Memory and Oblivion. These observations encourage us to reconsider the general meaning of the poem and to question the reception of the Aeneid as an accomplishment of Jupiter’s fata and the realization of divine will. For the epic poem also seems to be the narrativization of Aeneas’s progressive conquest of memory. This, in turn, suggests intriguing echoes of Augustan preoccupations with the embarrassing alternative visions of ultio and clementia.The poet also raises the suggestion of memory as a driving force behind epic action, which is equally presented as a link between individual and time, owing to the construction of a Roman cultural memory inherited from Trojan and Latin cultural identities. Not only does Vergil use memory as a cornerstone for his narrative, but he often exploits the position of « reversive memory », a concept introduced by this thesis. In many passages, Vergil looks at the events of Aeneas’s time from the embedded perspective of a poet living in Augustan times. This both retrospective and prospective point of view provides a fascinating insight into the continuous construction of epic memory and its historical télos under Augustus.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2016-01-29T16:46:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thiago Eustáquio Araújo Mota - 2015.pdf: 7453680 bytes, checksum: eadb2ef82a3b06b688d17eafc92ac84e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-02-01T11:54:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thiago Eustáquio Araújo Mota - 2015.pdf: 7453680 bytes, checksum: eadb2ef82a3b06b688d17eafc92ac84e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-01T11:54:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Thiago Eustáquio Araújo Mota - 2015.pdf: 7453680 bytes, checksum: eadb2ef82a3b06b688d17eafc92ac84e (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / Abbiamo studiato in questa Tesi di dottorato un aspetto del mito di Enea: la divinizzazione eroica che appare come una promessa dal fatum nei versi della Eneide di Virgilio, poema epico composto tra gli anni 29 e 19 aC. Tra le varie possibilità metodologiche ed ermeneutiche per lo studio di un poema epico, ci concentreremo qui sulla questione della storicità dell'opera, il suo momento di composizione e le risposte ai precedenti epici. Come una epopea eroico-storica, l'Eneide è intesa come documento di complessità inesauribile per studiare il tempo del poeta. Cerchiamo di valutare come le promesse di apoteosi dell'eroe e dei suoi discendenti, Giulio Cesare e Ottaviano, sono collegate nella trama, offrendo alla casa dei principi da cui deriva l'Imperatore Augusto, domus Iulia, ascendenza divina ed eroica. In grado, quindi, di rafforzare la sua posizione di prestigio sociale e politico, mettendo la famiglia imperiale di sopra delle altre famiglie aristocratiche. Il poeta fa Giove promettere all'eroe, figlio di Venere, un tipo di sollevamento ad sidera, allo scopo di ricordare la consecratio/katasterismos di Giulio Cesare la cui anima è stata identificata alla stella che è apparsa nei cieli di Roma alla celebrazione dei Giochi per la Vittoria di Cesare - Ludi Victoriae Caesaris (44 a.C). Ottaviano, a sua volta, è citato come un dio potenziale con un posto riservato nel pantheon romano. Più di una determinazione dello fatum, Virgilio presenta la prospettiva di sollevamento stellare basata sul merito rappresentato sia dalla reputazione e dalla uirtus che sono costruiti nella vita dell'individuo. In concomitanza con l'analisi ermeneutica dello epico, il nostro sforzo metodologico si sviluppa in due direzioni: in primo luogo, facciamo un passo indietro al periodo repubblicano per seguire le tracce dello radicamento di Enea divinizzato nelle leggende di fondazione e nella topografia del Lazio. Inoltre, dalle testimonianze testuali e dalle monete mettiamo in discussione il legame tra l'eroe troiano alla genealogia della famiglia degli Iulii. Nel secondo movimento, al di là del periodo di composizione dell'Eneide, abbiamo cercato di valutare l'investimento nella genealogia troiana e la riappropriazione di temi epici nelle cerimonie, monumenti e sculture del primo secolo. Quindi, abbiamo anche analizzato le appropriazioni dello tema della divinizzazione di Enea da altri autori come Livio, Dionigi di Alicarnasso e, soprattutto, Ovidio nelle Metamorfosi. / We investigate in this Thesis a specific element of Aeneas’ myth: the heroic divinization that appears as a promise of fatum in the lines of the Aeneid, epic poem composed between the years 29 and 19 BC. Among the several methodological and hermeneutical possibilities for the study of an epic, we focus on the problem of the historicity of the work, its moment of composition and the responses to previous epic models. As a heroic-historical epic, the Aeneid is understood as an inexhaustible and complex document for studying the poet's time. We try to assess how the promises of apotheosis of this hero and his descendants, Julius Caesar and Octavian, are linked into the plot, providing to the rulers house, from which comes the Emperor Augustus, Domus Iulia, heroic and divine ancestry. Able, therefore, to strengthen its social and political prestige, putting the imperial family apart from the other aristocratic families. The poet reserves to this hero, son of Venus, one kind of upswing ad sidera in order to recall the consecratio/katasterismos of Julius Caesar whose soul has been identified to star – sidus/astrumv - that appeared in the skies of Rome during the celebration of the Games in Honor of Caesar's Victory - Ludi Victoriae Caesaris (44 a.C). More than a settlement of fatum, Virgil presents the prospect of stellar ascension based on merit represented by the fame and uirtus which are both constructed during the individual's life. Allong with the hermeneutic analysis, our methodological effort unfolds in two directions: firstly, we step back to the republican past to track the rooting of Aeneas deified in the foundation narratives and topography of Latium. Moreover, from textual sources and numismatic evidence, we bring the issue of the constructed link between the Trojan hero and the genealogy of the Iulii. In a second movement, we seek to evaluate the investment in Trojan genealogy and the reappropriation of epic themes by the ceremonies, monuments and sculptural artifacts from the first century AD. Therefore, we analyze the reappropriation of this theme of Aeneas' divinization by the augustan authors, Livy, Dionysius of Halicarnassus and especially Ovid in Metamorphoses. / Investigamos nesta Tese um elemento específico do mito de Enéias: a divinização heroica que aparece como promessa do fatum nas linhas da Eneida de Virgílio, poema épico composto entre os anos 29 e 19 a.C. Buscamos avaliar como as promessas de apoteose do herói e seus descendentes, Júlio César e Otávio, estão concatenadas na trama, conferindo à casa de governantes a qual se liga o Imperador Augusto, domus Iulia, ancestralidade divina e heroica. Capaz, portanto, de reforçar sua posição de prestígio social e político frente às outras famílias aristocráticas. O poeta reserva ao heroi, filho de Vênus, um tipo de elevação ad sidera, de forma a rememorar a consecratio/katasterismos de Júlio César cuja alma foi identificada ao astro – astrum/ sidus - que apareceu nos céus de Roma durante celebração dos Jogos à Vitória de César - Ludi Victoriae Caesaris (44 a.C). Otávio, por sua vez, é mencionado como um diuus em potência, com um lugar reservado no panteão romano. Mais do que uma determinação do fatum, Virgílio apresenta esta perspectiva de ascensão sideral fundamentada no mérito, representado tanto pela fama quanto pela uirtus que são construídas em vida pelo indivíduo. Concomitante à análise hermenêutica do épico, nosso esforço metodológico se desdobra em dois sentidos: primeiramente, recuamos ao passado republicano para rastrear na documentação textual e arqueológica o enraizamento de Enéias divinizado nas narrativas fundacionais e na topografia do Lácio. Ademais, a partir das fontes textuais e da evidência numismática, problematizamos a vinculação do heroi troiano à genealogia familiar dos Iulii. Em um segundo movimento, para além do período de composição da Eneida, buscamos avaliar o investimento na genealogia troiana e a reapropriação de temas épicos nos cerimoniais, monumentos e artefatos esculturais do século I d.C. Por conseguinte, nos debruçamos sobre as reapropriações do tema da divinização de Enéias pelos autores do Principado de Augusto, Tito Lívio, Dionísio de Halicarnasso e especialmente Ovídio nas Metamorfoses.

The pictorial elements of the first six books of the Aeneid can be evidenced through an examination of its structural components. With commentaries on such literary devices as parallels and antipodes, interwoven themes, cyclic patterns, and strategic placement of words in the text, three genres of painting are treated individually in Chapter 1 to illustrate the poet's consistency of design and to prove him a craftsman of the visual arts. In the first division, "Cinematic progression," attention is directed to the language which conveys movement and frequentative action, with special emphasis placed on specific passages whose verbal components possess sculptural or third-dimensional traits and contribute to the "spiral" and "circle" motifs, the appropriate visual agents for animation. Depiction of mythological subjects comprises the second division entitled "Cameos and snapshots." Three selections, dubbed monstra, are explicated with such cross references as to illustrate the poet's use of epithets which he distributes passim to elicit verbal echoes of other passages. The final division, "The Vergilian landscape," addresses two major themes, antithetical in nature, the martial and the pastoral. Their sequential juxtaposition in the text renders a marked contrast in mood which is manifested pictorially in the transition from darkness to light. A panoramic chiaroscuro emerges which is the tapestry against which Aeneas makes his sojourn through the Underworld. It is the perfect backdrop to accompany the overriding theme of "things hidden," res latentes, which encompasses a greater part of the epic and becomes the culminant motif of the paintings which comprise the visual presentation. Chapter 2 functions as a catalogue raisonne for art inspired by the Aeneid from early antiquity up to the present day. Such examples of artistic expression provide a continuum with which to appropriate Horace's maxim, ut pictura poesis, in their evaluation. The verbal exegeses in Chapter 1 have been programmed to comport with the thematic content of the visual presentation in Chapter 3, a critique exemplifying the transposition of the verbal to the pictorial. With these canvases I have attempted to render a new perspective of Vergil's epic in the genre of abstract expressionism. / Art / D. Litt. et Phil.

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