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Analysis and Scheduling of machinery in an Intermodal Terminal by using the OSPF ConceptKhan, Osama Adnan Ghaffari January 2008 (has links)
The design of an Internet Protocol (IP) network is a long-term investment where many aspects must be taken into consideration. Some of them are the cost of the design, network sustainability and aspects regarding traffic engineering. When, its matter to design an IP network for an industry like Sea ports or Container Terminal than the factors related to traffic engineering and scheduling needs more attention. This thesis addresses the problems of designing and suggests a solution with IP network by using the concept of Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing algorithm. The routing in OSPF telecommunication networks is determined by computing shortest paths with respect to link weights sets by the network operator. In this research the shortest path computed on the basis of Current status, Current location, distance and cargo limitation of Automated Guided Vehicles that are using cassettes to transfer containers, which are called C-AGVs. A MATLAB based simulation tool is developed and is used to test and compare the OSPF algorithm to the general scheduling processes in a container terminal. The results show that using the OSPF concept it will yield in higher productivity. / osamaadnan79@hotmail.com + 46 737879001
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Automation of waste flow in manufacturing industryLinell, Rasmus, Lidén, Isak January 2022 (has links)
Today’s society is increasingly moving towards a digitalized world where society is becoming more connected. In terms of industries, it´s extra important to keep up with this trend to be competitive, but also to be more effective. This work will be done in collaboration with the company Attindas. Attindas is a manufacturer of absorbent incontinence aids and delivers products worldwide. The purpose of this work is to investigate two different material flows at Attindas. These flows are raw materials in the warehouse and waste from production to recycling rooms. A deeper analysis is made of the different flows to investigate which parts can be automated and how to do this. The goal of this work is to develop a solution that can replace today’s manual material handling. The problem statements this work is based on is: • Which material flow of waste and raw material are the most valuable to automate? • How can the chosen material flow be automated? The work is carried out with a Design Thinking method that goes through the following steps. Find users’ needs, define needs and problems, come up with ideas and test the solution. The work is supported by a literature study that examines what has already been done and what is already on the market. The result of this work was that Attinda’s waste management is the material flow that should be automated if financial gain and efficiency are to be achieved. The solution that was constructed is an external lifting device that will be mounted on a platform AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle). Two AGVs will drive in the factory and pick up four waste wagons at a time. This is to cope with the waste flow that comes from the production lines. The conclusion of the work is that waste management is a step that Attindas can automate to go to a more automated factory and get one step closer to Industry 4.0. With the help of the new solution, which is a lifting device adapted to the waste bins. Attindas can replace manual work and automate the flow of waste from production to recycling room. By implementing this solution in the factory, Attindas will over time make a financial gain comparable to the current solution, while maintaining its efficiency. / Dagens samhälle går allt mer mot en digitaliserad värld där samhället blir mer uppkopplat. Vad gäller industrier är det extra viktigt att hänga med i denna trenden för att vara konkurrenskraftiga, men även för att effektivisera verksamheten. Detta arbete kommer att göras i samarbete med företaget Attindas. Attindas är en tillverkare av absorberande inkontinenshjälpmedel och de levererar produkter över hela världen. Problemformuleringen som arbetet utgår ifrån är: • Vilket materialflöde av avfall och råmaterial är det mest värdefulla att automatisera? • Hur kan det valda materialflödet automatiseras? Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka två olika materialflöden hos Attindas. Dessa flöden är råmaterial i lagret och spill från produktion till återvinningsrum. En djupare analys görs på de olika flödena för att undersöka vilka delar som går att automatisera samt hur man kan göra detta. Målet med detta arbete är att ta fram en lösning som kan ersätta dagens manuella materialhantering. Arbetet genomförs med en Design Thinking metod som genomgår följande fem steg. Hitta användarens behov, definiera behov och problem, komma upp med ideer, ta fram ideerna och testa lösningen. Arbetet styrks upp av en litteraturstudie som undersöker vad som redan har gjorts och vad som redan finns på marknaden. Resultatet av detta arbete blev att Attindas spillhantering är det materialflöde som borde automatiseras ifall ekonomisk vinning och effektivitet vill uppnås. Lösningen som konstruerades är en extern lyftanordning som ska monteras på en plattform AGV. Två stycken AGV ska köra i fabriken och hämta upp fyra spillvagnar åt gången. Detta för att klara av det flöde av spill som kommer från produktions linjerna. Slutsatsen av arbete är att spillhantering är ett steg som Attindas kan automatisera för att gå till en mer automatiserad fabrik och komma ett steg närmre Industri 4.0. Med hjälp av den framtagna lösningen som är en lyftanordning anpassad för de spillvagnar som finns i fabriken kan Attindas ersätta manuellt arbete och automatisera flödet av spill från produktion till återvinningsrum. Genom att implementeradenna lösningen i fabriken kommer Attindas både göra en ekonomisk vinning jämfört med dagens lösning, samtidigt som arbetet bibehåller sin effektivitet.
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Material Handling by Automated Guided Vehicle System Using Discrete-Event Simulation : A case study at Autoliv, ThailandJoseph Peter, Samuel Abishek January 2022 (has links)
A case study for this project is performed at Autoliv in Thailand the company uses a lean production flow approach. This manufacturing plant operates on the level of Industry 3.0, which automates processes using information technology. The case study scenario in manufacturing plants that runs in industrial automation 3.0 has some problems in material handling under the logistics division. By implementing AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) with help of simulation, the time reduction factor through route and time optimization can be processed and displayed. This will have a direct impact on increasing the material handling efficiency in the production plant. The simulation used for AGV in plant layout is Discrete Event Simulation (DES), which divides each event according to its time. Siemens’s Tecnomatix Plant Simulation software is used as a software. This software handles complex production systems and provides control methods. In this thesis work, the entire plant is implemented in the simulated environment based on the plant layout as per dimensions. Then the AGV routing is done from source to destination. The stations are made as per the requirements between the source and the destination for loading from/ unloading to AGV. The processing time of these stations is given as inputs and the simulation is run for a shift to get the throughput. The specification of the AGV such as speed and dimensions given in the simulated environment is taken from the case study of AGV. A total of 55 AGV models’ are studied and 40 of them are selected for this particular plant layout, they are selected based on their features along with the throughput of units transferred from source to destination. The parameters of the AGV are based on the case study of AGV models. The unit throughput acquired in the simulated environment by the AGV is 20% to 22.5% more efficient than manual material handling.
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Mechanical development of an automated guided vehicle / Mekanisk utveckling av ett automatiskt styrt fordonLamy, Matthieu January 2016 (has links)
Automated guided vehicles (AGV) are more and more used in factories to provide a smart and adaptable material handling based on localization technologies. To use vision and path finding technologies at their full potential in these vehicles, a mechanical system able to move within a small space is required. The purpose of this study was to develop the mechanical structure of an AGV. The structure is composed of a chassis and mecanum wheels. To satisfy the needs, the vehicle had to be able to carry heavy loads while being compact. It also had to be cheap to be competitive on the market. Calculation models were developed to design mecanum wheels. From these models, the structure of the vehicle has been designed. The obtained solution fulfils requirements and solves some problems encountered by the previous design of the vehicle. However the prototype haven’t be fully tested due to manufacturing problems on rollers. This study offers a strong basis to design an AGV and points out common problems related to the design of a holonomic vehicle. Furthermore, some of the solutions proposed in this study need to be tested for validation. / Automatiskt styrda fordon, AGV, används allt mer i fabriker för att ge en smart och anpassningsbar materialhantering baseratdpå lokaliseringsteknik. För att möjliggöra användande av visions- och vägspårningsteknologi till dess rätta potential för automatiskt styrda fordon behövs ett mekaniskt system som kan röra sig på små ytor. Syftet med studien har varit att utveckla den mekaniska strukturen till en AGV. Strukturen består av ett chassi och mecanumhjul. För att uppfylla behovet, måste fordonet kunna bära stora laster samtidigt som det ska vara kompakt. Det krävdes även att den skulle vara billig för att vara konkurrenskraftig på marknaden. Beräkningsmodeller har tagits fram för att möjliggöra utformning av mecanumhjulen. Den hjul- och chassiutformning som tagits fram uppfyller krav som löser problem i föregående utformningar. Prototypen har dock ej blivit fullt testad på grund av tillverkningsproblem av rullarna. Studien har givit en stark bas för utformning av AGV och pekar ut vanliga problem relaterade till utformandet av holonomiska fordon. Lösningarna som presenterats i denna studie behöver testas för att validera utformningen.
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A reconfigurable AGV with omni-directional sensingKotze, B., Jordaan, G.D., Vermaak, H. January 2010 (has links)
Published Article / Automatic guided vehicles are being used increasingly in a manufacturing environment. Developing a platform that could be easily reconfigured is perhaps a desirable option for a user with low capacity outputs. The research described in this article concentrates on such a vehicle and the development of the actuators and sensors for navigation and proper functionality.
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Simuleringsstudie för Volvo Environmental Architecture : Simuleringsmodell för logistik på Volvo / Simulation study for VolvoEnvironmental Architecture : Simulation model of the logistics on VolvoGustavsson, Patrik, Hermansson, Robert January 2012 (has links)
Volvo Personvagnar är ett av de starkaste varumärkena i bilindustrin, med en lång och stolt historia av världsledande innovationer. Fabriken i Skövde tillverkar motorer i både bensin- och dieselvarianter. I framtiden planerar Volvo att införa nya typer av motorer med gruppnamnet VEA, Volvo Environmental Architecture. Dessa nya motorer kommer att vara standard i alla nya Volvobilar, men tillverkning av de gamla modellerna kommer att finnas kvar För att förstå hur de nya transportsystemen i fabriken kommer att fungera tillsammans med de gamla transportsystemen och för att veta om de transportsystemen kan hantera framtidens krav krävs en simuleringsmodell. Under våren 2011 gjordes ett liknande projekt, då en simuleringsmodell av transportsystemen skapades. Men eftersom modellen var för komplicerad och krävde mycket simuleringstid beslutades att en ny modell ska byggas för att kunna hantera optimering. Det finns tre huvudsakliga transportsystem, automatiskt styrda fordon (AGV), elektrisk hängbana (EHB) och manuella transporter med truckar. Detta projekt syftar till att simulera de automatiska transportsystemen mellan bearbetningsfabrikerna och monteringen, och att se till att Volvo klarar framtidens krav genom att: Samla in alla uppgifter som påverkar transportsystemen, så som transportlayouter, tillgänglighet, kommunikationsprotokoll och så vidare. Detta för att vara säker på att en realistisk simuleringsmodell kan byggas. Bygga en simuleringsmodell över det nuvarande systemet och validera att modellen överensstämmer med det verkliga systemet, genom att jämföra in- och utgångar, så som produktionsplan, lagerutnyttjande, produktion per timme under en viss tid. Utveckla och skapa en modell för ett framtida scenario. Simuleringsmodellen ska kunna varieras i olika buffertstorlekar, transportenheter, skiftformer och kunna klara av att hantera olika testscenarion beroende på kundernas efterfrågan. Analysera resultaten av den framtida modellen för att besvara frågorna: Kommer transportsystemen klara av att transportera i och med den ökade takten? Hur många AGVer och EHB-vagnar är nödvändiga? Vilka typer av skift bör användas i de olika fabrikerna och vilken kapacitet för varje lager behövs vid de olika scenarierna? I detta projekt används simuleringsprogrammet Tecnomatix Plant Simulation 9, eftersom det kan hantera mycket komplexa modeller. Det kommande användandet av vår simuleringsmodell för Volvo är ytterligare en anledning till varför detta program väljs då Volvo är på gång att införskaffa sig Plant Simulation. Därför kan den modell som utvecklats under detta projekt tillämpas av Volvo i framtiden för att besvara framtida frågor. Vissa förenklingar görs i projektet och i modellen, händelser som inte är viktiga för resultatet är förenklade till en process. Till exempel påverkar tillverkningsprocesser inte transportsystemet mer än produktionens takt. Genom att förenkla modellen kan den bli mycket snabbare och enklare att använda då det kommer att finnas mindre data att hantera under simuleringen. Två scenarion har körts i projektet där ena scenariot bygger på att alla motortyper testas varav det andra scenariot testar enbart de nya motortyperna. Resultatet från scenario 1 har visat att Volvo klarar att producera enligt planerat kundbehov genom att införskaffa nya AGVer och att göra om skiftformerna för både montering samt bearbetning. Antalet EHB-vagnar som behövs är mindre än vad som finns tillgängligt i dagens läge. Resultaten från scenario 2 visar att Volvo klarar att producera enligt kundbehov genom att införskaffa fler AGVer än vad som krävs till scenario 1. Antal EHB-vagnar som behövs är också mindre i detta fall än vad som finns tillgängligt i dagens läge. / The Volvo Car Corporation is one of the strongest brands in the car industry, with a long and proud history of world-leading innovations. The factory in Skövde produces engines in both petrol and diesel variants. In the future Volvo is planning to introduce new types of engines with the group name VEA. These new engines will be the main engines in all new Volvo cars, but the old models will remain indefinitely. To understand how the new transport systems in the factory will work together with the old transport systems and also to know if the transport systems can handle the future demands, a simulation model is required. In the spring of 2011 a similar project was done where a simulation model of the transport systems was built, but since the model was too complex and required a lot of simulation time it was decided that a new model will be built. There are three main transport systems; Automated guided vehicles (AGV), electric track systems (EHB) and manual transports with trucks. This project is aimed to simulate the automated transport systems between the Manufacturing factories and Assembly factories, to make sure that Volvo can handle future demands by: collecting all data that affects the transport systems, such as transport layouts, availability, communication protocols and so on, to be certain that a realistic simulation model can be built; building a simulation model over the current system and validating that the model conforms to the real system by comparing inputs and outputs, such as production plan, store utilization, throughput per hour, over a certain period of time; developing and create a model for a future scenario. The simulation models should be able to vary in different buffer sizes, quantities of transportation and be able to create various test scenarios depending on customer demand; analyzing the results of the future model to answer the questions: will they be able to keep up with the customer demands with the planned transport systems, how many AGVs and EHBs are necessary, shifts that is necessary for each factory and the capacity that is needed for each store; In this project Tecnomatix Plant Simulation 9 is used as the simulation software since it can handle very complex models. The future adoption of our simulation model by Volvo in Plant Simulation is another reason why this software is chosen. Therefore, the model developed during this project can be applied to answer future questions. Certain simplification is made in the project and in the model; events that are not important to the outcome are simplified to one process. For example, manufacturing processes do not affect the transport system other than the throughput. By simplifying the model, it may become much faster and easier to use since there will be less data to manage during simulation. Two scenarios have been simulated in this project where one scenario is based on testing all engine types whereas the other scenario only tests the new engine types. The result from scenario 1 has shown that Volvo will be able to produce according to the customer demands by acquiring new AGVs and by making certain shift arrangement for the different lines in the factory. The amount of EHB wagons needed is less than the current amount today. The results from scenario 2 shows that Volvo will produce according to the customer demand by acquiring more AGVs than needed for the scenario 1. The amount of EHB wagons needed in this case is also less than what exists today.
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Automated Guided Vehicles : En förstudie på Rusta AB:s centrallager / Automated Guided Vehicles : A preliminary study on the central warehouse of Rusta AB.Carlsson, Niklas, Norberg, Filip January 2018 (has links)
Abstract Course: Thesis in logistics for the MBA program, 4FE19E, VT18 Authors: Niklas Carlsson and Filip Norberg Supervisor: Hana Hulthén Examiner: Helena Forslund Title: Automated Guided Vehicles – A preliminary study on the central warehouse of Rusta AB. Background: Automated guided vehicles (AGV) is a driverless truck, programmed to automatically transport goods from point A to point B without human interaction. Rusta AB is in the middle of an expansion of its central warehouse, the warehouse today is 64000 m2 and when the development is completed it will be around 100000 m2. This will mean longer distances for Rusta’s truck drivers to transport pallets. Therefore, Rusta got interested in investigating automated guided vehicles, in which truck flows there are opportunities to implement them and if they can lead to a cost reduction and increased productivity. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to create a decision-making model that is based on the implementation of an AGV system as a complement to a traditional truck fleet, for companies to use. To determine in which flows in Rusta’s central warehouse that are best suited for an implementation and also what type of AGV that fits best within each flow. In order to be able to answer these questions, it is required that the decisionmaking model presented is carried out. The study is a preliminary study and should be used as part of the decision-making basis when Rusta make the decision to use a AGV system or not. Method: The study is a single case study where the authors have mainly used a qualitative method through the study. However, in the final chapter of the study, a quantitative method is used. The study contains both primary and secondary data. The empirical data has been collected through interviews, observations and measurements. The questions have been analysed on the basis of grounded theory, however, not all parts of the grounded theory are used as it does not fit the research design on which the study is based. v Conclusions: A decision-making model for the strategic decision to implement AGV contains crucial and influential qualitative and quantitative factors that a company should take into account before making a decision. Five possible flows were identified where there were conditions that suited the use of AGV and it was also determined that a low-lift AGV forklift with laser navigation should be used. The flows stood up to the demands that were made both on the basis of the decision-making model that was created and also to the specific needs of each flow. Thereafter the quantitative part of the decision-making model was based on the qualitative analyses. Here it became clear that by implementing AGV in the best suited flows, Rusta could get a significantly lower cost without getting lower capacity. Rusta was therefore recommended to implement AGV in three of the five possible flows. The recommended AGV type is a low-lift AGV like the Toyota Material handling LAE250 or Jungheinrich ERE-AGV. This would reduce costs by around 600,000 SEK per year compared to the conventional trucks used today. The large cost reduction is mostly due to the lower costs for the staff. Through this, Rusta achieves the objective of the investment, to lower costs of their operations in its central warehouse. Keywords: Automated guided vehicles, distribution warehouse, flow chart, decisionmaking model
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Kulvertar i Södersjukhuset-Undersökning av AGV-system kan användas och rekommendationer för renoveringJamil, Hilal, Rashid, Namo January 2013 (has links)
Ökande behov av vård i dagens samhälle kräver ett väl utvecklat transportsystem för en effektiv vård. För att en god vård räcker det inte bara utveckla vår hälsovård, utan det måste också utveckla transportsystem och materialflöde inom sjukhuset. Undersökningsobjektet av denna studie är transportsystem i Södersjukhuset, där i nuläget all transport sker i korridorerna via förarstyrda truckar. Korridorer är de mest besökta rummen i sjukhusen. Det är således viktigt att se till att ha en trygg och trivsam miljö i korridorerna. Därför krävs det tillsyn till en hel del normer och bestämmelser som framförallt boverket ställer på dessa byggnader. I detta arbete har kulvertarna (korridorerna) på Södersjukhuset undersökts. Syftet med detta arbete är att i huvudsak undersöka om de nuvarande kulvertarna är anpassade till AVG - systemet (automatiserade vagnar). En besiktning har genomförts på kulvertarna, samt en beskrivning av det nuvarande skiktet och de brister som råder utifrån ett brand- och akustiskt perspektiv. Åtgärdsförslag och rekommendationer vid renovering av kulvertarna har också tagits upp. Infrastruktur, ekonomi, säkerhet, teknik och kompetens är de faktorer som skall ha betydelse för anpassning av AGV system. På grund av patienttransport i kulverten och nuvarande hissarnas kapasitet samt transportrutiner finns det ingen chans att anpassa det amerikanska AGV systemet som används på Huddinge sjukhuset, i Södersjukhuset. Vid avlägsning av patienttransport i kulverten samt öking av hissarnas kapasitet kan AVG systemet, JBTC Guided Vehicle [ Type 2], anpassas på Södrasjukhuset. Rapporten innehåller även en inventering av korridorernas tekniska status och förslag på hur de skulle kunna renoveras för att bli en trevligare miljö för besökare och personal. / An increasing need of health care in today's society requires a well-developed transportation system for an effective health care. A good health needs developed transport system for materials within the hospital. The study object of this study is the transport system in Söder Hospital. Currently all transports takes place in the corridors through the driver-controlled trucks. The purpose of this report is to examine whether corridors in south hospital are adaptable to the AGV system and how reconstruction should be carried out in order to be adaptable to the new health care transport system. Corridors are the most visited rooms in hospitals. Thus, it is important to be sure to have a safe and enjoyable environment in the corridors. This requires the supervision of a lot of standards and regulations especially Boverket place on these buildings. In this work, the culverts of Södersjukhuset have been investigated. The purpose of this work is to study whether the current culverts are adapted to the AVG system (automated carts). Examination has been done in the culverts, and a description of the current layer and the gaps that exist from a fire and acoustic perspective. Proposed measures and recommendations for the renovation of culverts have also been raised in this study. Infrastructure, economy, security, technology and skills of personals are the factors that will be important for the adaptation of AGV systems in the Söder hospital. Currently, because of patient transport in the culvert and the limited capacity of elevators in Söder hospital, there is no chance to adjust the American AGV system, which is used at Huddinge Hospital Removal of patient transport in culvert and increasing the capacity of elevators in Söder hospital allows using of AVG system type JBTC Guided Vehicle [Type 2] in Söder hospital. The report also includes an inventory over the technical state of the corridors and propsals about how to renovate them for getting a more pleasant environment for visitors and the personel.
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COMPARISON OF THREE OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE METHODS FOR AN AUTONOMOUS GUIDED VEHICLEMODI, SACHIN BRISMOHAN 16 September 2002 (has links)
No description available.
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Alternativa transportlösningar för monteringslinan hos Ålö AB / Alternative transportation solutions for the assembly line at Ålö ABNäsholm, Johanna January 2024 (has links)
Ålö AB is a world-leading company in agricultural equipment. They sell and manufacture front loaders and implement solutions for tractors. The transport solution currently used in assembly is outdated and must be replaced in the near future. The purpose of the project was to carry out a preliminary investigation to provide increased knowledge for future decisions regarding the implementation of a new transport system. The investigation was conducted through a literature review and observation of the existing transport system. Additionally, a market survey of the transport systems has also been performed. The study is based on theories such as 5s and the Toyota Production system (TPS). In this report, five different transport solutions such as monorail, drag chain conveyor, and Automated Guided Vehicles, are compared with each other based on various aspects identified during the implementation process. Examples of these aspects include expansion possibilities, safety, and ergonomics. Each transport system was evaluated and compared in a table, scored on a scale of 1-5 based on these aspects. The two systems that were considered most suitable were selected for further comparison. The project was limited to addressing only the transport system itself, excluding layout proposals or logistics. The result indicate that an Automated Guided Vehicle system is the most optimal transport solution for the assembly line. Further work on the project should include a cost comparison of the different transport solutions, as well as a deeper analysis of their integration with existing systems. / Ålö AB är ett världsledande företag inom jordbruksredskap. De säljer och tillverkar frontlastare och redskapslösningar till traktorer. Transportlösningen som används på monteringen idag är gammal och måste bytas ut inom en snar framtid. Syftet med projektet var att genomföra en förundersökning som kan bidra med ökade kunskaper inför kommande beslut om implementering av ett nytt transportsystem. Genomförandet av undersökningen bygger på en litteraturstudie och observation av befintligt transportsystem. Även en marknadsundersökning över transportsystem har gjorts. Arbetet utgår från teorier som 5s och Toyota Production system. Fem olika transportlösningar, exempelvis monorail, drag chain conveyor och Automated Guided Vehicles, jämförs med varandra och diskuteras utifrån aspekter som tagits fram under genomförandet. Exempel på aspekterna är utbyggnadsmöjligheter, säkerhet och ergonomi. Aspekterna poängsattes på en skala 1–5. De två system som ansågs mest lämpade valdes ut för en vidare jämförelse. Projektet avgränsades till att endast behandla själva transportsystemet, inte layoutförslag eller logistik. Resultatet visar att ett Automated Guided Vehicle system är det mest optimala transportsystemet för monteringslinan. Fortsatt arbete med projektet borde inkludera en jämförelse av kostnaderna för de olika transportlösningarna. Samt en djupare analys av deras integrering med befintliga system.
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