The thesis deals with the optimization of the stock portfolio using modern portfo-lio theory and mathematical programming. Optimization is achieved by Markowitz Model, the Capital Asset Pricing Model and Black-Litterman model. Stocks traded on the Prague Stock Exchange, Inc., are selected as exploration assets. The simula-tion technique Monte Carlo is used for the model evaluation.

The thesis is focused on using instruments of collective investment (mutual funds) for recommendations of more effective financial portfolios of ten real investors. For accomplishing goals of the thesis, firstly it is essential to define basic theoretical knowledge in terms of collective investment or more precissely mutual funds (chapter 2, Theory of collective investment). Subsequently it is necessary to set how will portfolio recommendations be formulated. It is also important to determine key investors characteristics, which are going to effect recommendations (chapter 3, Formulating portfolios). For real contribution it is vital to choose particular mutual funds, which are suitable for recommended portfolios (chapter 4, Selection of mutual funds). Pivotal part of the thesis is the chapter 5, Investment cases, which contains ten real financial portfolios. For each investor is recommended an optimal investment portfolio, which takes into account all known relevant information about the investor. For each case a comparison of current and recommended portfolio is created. The thesis is summarized by the chapter 6, Summary of investment cases, in which a discussion of aggregated results is broken into three areas: the most important investors characteristics, asset allocation of the portfolios and statistical differences between the current and the recommended portfolios.

Studiens övergripande syfte var att utveckla kunskap om kvinnors erfarenheter av att i vuxen ålder drabbas av och leva med kroniskt nedsatt fysisk funktionsförmåga. Utöver studiens beskrivande och kunskapsgenererande syfte och frågeställningar hade denna även en ambition att bidra till utvecklingen av forskningsområdet ”hälsa och livsstil”. Studien baserades på aktiva intervjuer med fem kvinnor som i vuxen ålder drabbats av nedsatt funktionsförmåga, på grund av kronisk sjukdom eller skada. Analysen skedde i flera steg som successivt gav en breddad och fördjupad förståelse av kvinnornas berättelser. I ett första steg genomfördes en tematisk analys av innehållet i kvinnornas berättelser. Den tematiska analysen sammanfattades av hur kvinnorna själva genom olika retoriska stilgrepp betonade särskilt viktiga delar av sina berättelser. Det andra steget av analysen belyste berättelserna utifrån tidigare forskning och den symboliska interaktionismens perspektiv. Att studiens resultat relaterades till tidigare forskning och ett teoretiskt sammanhang ökade dess överförbarhet ytterligare. Studiens resultat låg i linje med tidigare forskning, det bekräftade bl.a. tidens betydelse under omställningen till ett liv med nedsatt funktionsförmåga, där kontrollen över livet återskapades genom planering av tillvaron så att krafterna räckte till det som upplevdes som mest angeläget, eller genom att krympa tiden till ett här och nu, och ta en dag i sänder och avskärma sig från osäkerheten inför framtiden. Det fanns även fynd som gick utöver vad tidigare forskning rapporterat. De kvinnor som ingick i studien rekonstruerade ur tidigare erfarenheter en ny identitet, med en livsstil i balans mellan omgivningen och den faktiska funktionsförmågan. Förhållanden som bidrog till en hälsosam livsstil var organiseringen i stödjande nätverk, och engagemang i ideella organisationer i vilka kvinnorna kunde uppleva den medkänsla som de stundtals sade sig sakna i mötet med vårdgivare och myndigheter. De kvinnor som medverkade i studien framstod som mer aktiva och kreativa än som var vanligt bland kvinnor med nedsatt funktionsförmåga i tidigare studier. Kvinnorna i studien berättade hur de tog initiativ till, planerade och genomförde längre livsprojekt, som satsningar på studier och eget företagande, vilket inte rapporterats vara vanligt i tidigare studier. Några kvinnor visade sin självständighet genom att inte villkorslöst acceptera vårdapparatens och myndigheternas beslut, utan motsatte sig sådant som motverkade deras strävan att förverkliga personliga mål. Kvinnorna stärkte självkänslan och utvecklade alternativa livsstilar och identiteter genom att ta vara på tidigare erfarenheter och ur dem konstruera nya livsstilar, präglade av relativ hälsa och välmående. Det skedde t.ex. genom att utveckla ett idrottsintresse i gemenskap med andra inom handikappidrotten, eller genom att vårda ett fräscht och ungdomligt utseende och bekräftas genom att medverka som modell vid modevisningar. Studiens resultat har betydelse för att stärka unga kvinnor, som drabbats av nedsatt funktionsförmåga i vuxenålder, men även för yrkesverksamma som möter kvinnor i samma situation och deras anhöriga. / The overall objective of the study is to develop an understanding oft he women’s experiences of suffering from and living with chronically reduced physical ability in adulthood. In addition to the study’s descriptive and knowledge-building objective, it also aims at helping towards developing research in the field of “health and lifestyle”. The study is based on active interviews with five women who have suffered from reduced physical abilities in adulthood, due to chronic disease or injury. The analyses were conducted over two stages that gradually provided a more in-depth understanding of the women’s stories. The first stage was to thematically analyse the content of the women’s stories. The thematic analyses was summarised by how the women personally, through various methods, emphasised specifically important parts of their stories. The second stage of the analyses used previous research and symbolic interaction perspectives. The study’s compatibility increased via the results of previous research and theoretical context. The results of the study were compatible with previous research, confirming such things as the significance of time while adapting to a life of reduced physical ability, where control over one’s life was restored either through planning day-to-day life, giving the individual enough energy for the essentials in life, or by compressing time to the here and now, taking one day at a time and shying away from the uncertainties of the future. There were also findings that exceeded what previous research had reported on. The women who took part in the study mapped out their social rights, and reconstructed an identity from previous experiences, with a lifestyle in balance between the world around them and their own expectations of their reduced physical abilities. Circumstances that contributed to a healthy lifestyle were women’s organising in social network and engaging in non-profit organisations, were they could experience the compassion that they sometimes felt was lacking when interacting with caregivers or governmental authorities. The women that took part in the study appeared more active and creative than was usual among women with reduced physical abilities from other studies. The women in the study explained how they took the initiative, planned and carried out extensive life projects, like study initiatives and starting businesses, which was not as common in previous studies. Some women displayed their independence by not unconditionally accepting healthcare and government authorities’ decisions, but opposed such things that were counter intuitive to their desire to realise personal objectives. The women bolstered their selfesteem and developed alternative lifestyles and identities by using previous experience, from which they could form new lifestyles, characterised by relative good health and wellbeing. This happened either by developing an interest for team sports with other athletes with disabilities, or by maintaining a fresh and youthful appearance, confirmed by modelling for a fashion show. The results of the study are important for strengthening women with impaired functional ability in adulthood, but also for professionals who meet women in the same situation and their relatives.

Summary Aim The study examines a theoretical model developed to capture cyclist´s perceptions of the route environment. The survey focuses on if level two and three in the theoretical model captures what it´s intended to do. More specific we ask ourselves how the three appraisals (unsafe/safe by traffic reasons, stimulating/inhibiting route environment, unsafe/safe by other reasons) in the model´s second level relates among themselves and if these three appraisals can capture the degree of environmental well-being/unwell-being in the model´s third level. The questions were: Do the three appraisals differ among themselves? What is the difference/-s in such cases? And, is there a correlation between any of the three appraisals and environmental unwell-being/well-being? What is the correlation in such case?   Method The gathering of data was done through questionnaires. The participants got to assess their perceptions of four photographs on route environments. The assessment was done by four questions too each photograph. The four appraisals in the theoretical model about the route environment, which the study is based on, have formed the basis for respectively question. The four questions read: “How unsafe/safe by traffic reasons would you feel in this route environment?” ([1] unsafe/safe by traffic reasons). “To what extent do you assess that this route environment would stimulate/inhibit your cycling?” ([2] stimulating/inhibiting route environment). “How unsafe/safe by other reasons than traffic would you feel in this route environment?” ([3] unsafe/safe by other reasons) and “How would you assess your environmental well-being/unwell-being in this route environment?” ([4] environmental well-being/unwell-being). To rate the photographs The ACRES (Active Commuting Route Environment Scale) 15-degree point scale has been used. 157 students from The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, aged from 19 to 43 years, were included in the study, of which 62 students were males (mean age: 24,3 years) and 95 students were females (mean age: 23,4 years). The data was analyzed with Pearsons correlation analysis, dependent t-test and multiple regression.   Results The dependent t-test analysis showed that there was a significant difference in assessments between all of the appraisals for photography 1, 2, and 3. Photograph 4 showed a significant difference in assessments between the appraisals [1] unsafe/safe by traffic reasons and [2] stimulating/inhibiting route environment and between [1] unsafe/safe by traffic reasons and [3] unsafe/safe by other reasons. However, no significant difference was shown between [2] stimulating/inhibiting route environment and [3] unsafe/safe by other reasons. The correlation matrices for each photograph showed a significant correlation between [4] environmental well-being/unwell-being and the three appraisals. However, the multiple regression analysis showed no significant correlation between the appraisals [1] unsafe/safe by traffic reasons and [4] environmental well-being/unwell-being. This applies for all four photographs.   Conclusion Appraisal [1] unsafe/safe by traffic reasons seems to be distinguished from the other two appraisals. Appraisal [3] unsafe/safe by other reasons and appraisal [2] stimulating/inhibiting route environment may possibly be distinguished from each other. The appraisals [2] stimulating/inhibiting route environment and [3] unsafe/safe by other reasons may have an effect on [4] environmental well-being/unwell-being during cycling. Appraisal [2] and [3] can to 30-57% explain the changes of [4] environmental well-being/unwell-being during cycling of the four route environments that were assessed in this study. Appraisal [1] Unsafe/safe by traffic reasons does not seem to have an effect on the degree of [4] environmental well-being/unwell-being during cycling. With that being said level 2 and 3 of the theoretical model about the route environment do partially work. This study was an attempt, through photographs, examine a theoretical model about the route environment but more studies are needed to explore uncertainties of this model. / Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningar Studien granskar en teoretisk modell framtagen för att fånga cyklisters uppfattningar av färdvägsmiljön. Undersökningen fokuserar på om nivå två och tre i den teoretiska modellen fångar vad de är ämnade att göra. Mer specifikt frågar vi oss hur de tre utsagorna (otrygg/trygg av trafikmässiga skäl, otrygg/trygg av andra orsaker och stimulerande/motverkande färdvägsmiljö) i modellens andra nivå förhåller sig sinsemellan samt om dessa tre utsagor kan fånga graden av miljömässigt välbefinnande/ovälbefinnande i modellens tredje nivå. Frågeställningarna var: Skiljer sig de tre utsagorna åt sinsemellan? Hur ter sig skillnaden/-erna i sådana fall? Och finns det ett samband mellan någon/några av de tre utsagorna och miljömässigt välbefinnande/ovälbefinnande? Hur ser sambanden i sådana fall ut?   Metod Datainsamlingen skedde genom enkäter. Respondenterna fick bedöma sina upplevelser av fyra fotografier på färdvägsmiljöer. Bedömningarna skedde genom fyra frågor till varje fotografi. De fyra utsagorna i den teoretiska modellen om färdvägsmiljön som studien bygger på har legat till grund för utformningen av respektive bedömningsfråga. De fyra frågorna lyder: ”Hur otrygg/trygg av trafikmässiga skäl skulle du känna dig i denna färdvägsmiljö?” ([1] otrygg/trygg av trafikmässiga skäl). ”I vilken grad uppfattar du att denna färdvägsmiljö skulle stimulera/motverka din cykling?” [2] stimulerande/motverkande färdvägsmiljö). ”Hur otrygg/trygg av andra orsaker än trafiken skulle du känna dig i denna färdvägsmiljö?” ([3] otrygg/trygg av andra orsaker) samt ”Hur skulle du uppfatta ditt miljömässiga välbefinnande/ovälbefinnande i denna färdvägsmiljö?” ([4] miljömässigt välbefinnande/ovälbefinnande). För skattning av fotografierna har ACRES (Active Commuting Route Environment Scale) 15-gradiga skala använts. 157 studenter från Gymnastik-och idrottshögskolan i åldrarna 19-43 år inkluderades i studien, varav 62 studenter var män (medelålder 24,3 år) och 95 studenter var kvinnor (medelålder 23,4 år). Dataanalyserna gjordes genom Pearsons korrelationsanalys, beroende t-test och multipel regression.   Resultat Analysen med beroende t-test visade att det fanns statistiskt signifikanta skillnader i skattningarna mellan samtliga utsagor för fotografi 1, 2 och 3. För fotografi 4 kan man se att det fanns en signifikant skillnad i skattningar mellan utsagorna [1] otrygg/trygg av trafikmässiga skäl och [2] stimulerande/motverkande färdvägsmiljö samt mellan [1] otrygg/trygg av trafikmässiga skäl och [3] otrygg/trygg av andra orsaker. Dock fanns det ingen signifikant skillnad mellan [2] stimulerande/motverkande färdvägsmiljö och [3] otrygg/trygg av andra orsaker. Korrelationsmatrisen för varje fotografi visade att det fanns ett statistiskt signifikant samband mellan [4] miljömässigt välbefinnande/ovälbefinnande och de tre utsagorna. Dock visade den multipla regressionsanalysen inget signifikant samband mellan utsaga [1] otrygg/trygg av trafikmässiga skäl och [4] miljömässigt välbefinnande/ovälbefinnande. Detta gäller för samtliga fyra fotografier.   Slutsats Utsaga [1] otrygg/trygg av trafikmässiga skäl verkar kunna särskiljas från de två övriga utsagorna. Utsaga [3] otrygg/trygg av andra orsaker och utsaga [2] stimulerande/motverkande färdvägsmiljö kan möjligtvis särskiljas från varandra. Utsagorna [2] stimulerande/motverkande färdvägsmiljö och [3] otrygg/trygg av andra orsaker verkar kunna påverka graden av [4] miljömässigt välbefinnande/ovälbefinnande under cykling. Utsaga [2] och [3] kan till 30-57% förklara förändringen av [4] miljömässigt välbefinnande/ovälbefinnande under cykling för de fyra färdvägsmiljöer som bedömdes i den här studien. Utsaga [1] otrygg/trygg av trafikmässiga skäl verkar inte kunna påverka graden av [4] miljömässigt välbefinnande/ovälbefinnande under cykling. Med detta sagt fungerar nivå 2 och 3 i den teoretiska modellen om färdvägsmiljön delvis. Denna studie var ett försök att med hjälp av fotografier granska en teoretisk modell om färdvägsmiljön men fler studier behövs för att utforska oklarheter i denna modell.

Calendar applications have been a primary tool for time management, although they have been slowly developed and improved. The slow development of calendar applications has created friction of usage. In this report, we propose a friction mitigation strategy for calendar applications. A set of characteristics are identified: active, intelligent, personal, extensible, information-centred and dynamic view, which describes the notion of friction. The goal is to develop a framework, supporting the prototype and providing reusable components for future development. The prototype is evaluated by participants and the result is used to conclude that friction can be mitigated to some extent. / Kalenderapplikationer är, och har varit, ett primärt verktyg för tidshantering även om de har utvecklats och förbättrats långsamt. Den långsamma utvecklingen av kalenderapplikationer har skapat en friktion vid användning. I den här rapporten föreslår vi en strategi för att mildra friktionen som skapas av kalenderapplikationer. En uppsättning av egenskaper identifieras: aktiv, intelligent, personlig, extensible (tänjbar), informations centrerad och dynamisk vy, vilka beskriver begreppet friktion. Målet är att utveckla ett ramverk som supporterar prototypen och innehåller återanvändbara komponenter för framtida utveckling. Prototypen utvärderas av användare och resultatet används för att dra slutsatsen att friktionen kan mildras i viss utsträckning.

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The diploma thesis is classified in chapters which are then classified in subheadings. The aim of the thesis was the analysis and the course of the financial crisis in the global economy while I focused on the present economic crisis. In the first chapter I analyse the causes, course and possible subsequent solutions while I focus on the currency, banking and the crisis at the asset market that preceded the genesis of the present economic crisis, I demonstrate their synthesis by the Big Depression 1929. The next chapter has practical application on the present crisis, the analysis of the securitisation as the trigger of it, I also evaluate the situation at the stock and real estate market before and after the crisis genesis and analyse the strategic factors that catalysed the formation of the market bubbles. The last chapter evaluates the steps that the US Government underwent to alleviate the crisis effects and post the measures that are of mayor importance to prevent the formation of the future crisis.

Studien syftar till söka fördjupad förståelse för hur sex personliga tränare talar om de metoder de använder för att stötta klienter att nå förändring från en stillasittande till en fysisk aktiv livsstil. Med grund i Illeris lärteori samt den transteoretiska förändringsmodellen undersöks vilka pedagogiska metoder som kan skönjas i informanternas berättelser. För att nå informanternas subjektiva erfarenheter har insamling av data skett via semistrukturerade intervjuer. Ur en tematisk analys utkristalliserades centrala teman och subteman som ligger till grund för studiens resultat. Resultatet visar att informanterna främst utgår från individens känslor till den egna kroppen, till träning samt till det individuella målet i arbete med att stödja en livsstilsförändring. Vidare visar resultatet att det genom kommunikation och samspel skapas engagemang som främjar klientens utveckling.

Diploma thesis Design of software asset management tasks is focused on area of software asset management in business sector. In a time of still accelerating development of information and communication technologies is Software asset management (SAM) important component of ICT business management. Financial risks of failure to comply licensing terms or rules of licensing often exceed the value of owned software. However, the essence of SAM is not only in eliminating the financial risks, but also in enhancing ICT security or gaining competitive advantage while respecting the SAM principles. Main goal of this thesis is to analyze software asset management and design tasks to reference model of ICT management MBI. This theses is divided into two parts. First part characterizes SAM, licensing and related topics. First part is based on specialized sources and information from literary research. The output is a comprehensive summary of this issue, which serves as theoretical base for next part of this thesis. Second part is devoted to designing the task of Software asset management, the task of Software audit and defining its links to other objects in the MBI model. Furthermore, this thesis creates new objects like roles, methods or documents. Second part is based on theoretical base which was created in the first part and from consultations with IT field experts. The outputs are tasks which are implemented in the MBI model. Goal is fulfilled after creating these outputs. The benefits of this thesis are mostly the tasks extending MBI model and offering best practice for software asset management and software audit. Outcomes of this thesis should help users of reference model and IT community in general.

This dissertation focuses on guarantees with a special emphasis on the option method of guarantee valuation. The existing domestic and international literature does not present a comprehensive debate on guarantee valuation with a sufficient discussion of the role of the guarantor. In addition, a minimal number of sources are devoted to the option valuation of guarantees applied to non-traded companies (and their structures) typical for the Czech Republic, which might inter alia have led to the marginal practical experience of the Czech valuation experts with the method. Following the identified blind spots of the current knowledge, the thesis primarily (i) presents coherent theoretical underpinnings of guarantee valuation, (ii) provides a proposed option valuation approach to guarantee valuation and (iii) demonstrates through a case study of the HAME holding an application of the proposed approach, including an evaluation of its strengths and weaknesses. Based on an analysis and synthesis of the domestic and international literature, a poll among the Czech valuation institutes and a numerical application on the historic HAME holding case, the author observes the following main findings: (i) on a theoretical bases, the option guarantee valuation method presents a plausible way of analysis, (ii) the proposed option valuation approach is applicable in the Czech praxis. Despite these positive prima facie findings, the option valuation approach shall be subject to further testing, comparisons with competing methods and improvements resulting from an increased number of its practical applications.