This diploma thesis deals with an analysis and comparison of dramatizations of The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame, a book which ranks among the British children's classics. The paper examines to what extent the dramatizations correspond to the book, whether and why they deviate from the original text, and what consequences these changes have. The thesis focuses on four dramatizations – a play by Alan Alexander Milne called Toad of Toad Hall, Alfa Theatre production of The Wind in the Willows, a Walt Disney short animated film The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad, and Terry Jones´s adaptation of The Wind in the Willows to a feature film. In the thesis, firstly the book and then the dramatizations are analyzed in terms of the theme and genre, characters, setting, composition and language use. Subsequently, the dramatizations are examined and compared with regards to the transformation processes – selection, condensation, substitution, amplification, and changes in composition and language. In the final chapter, I summarize my findings and draw the conclusion.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação trata das visualidades buscadas no campo da arte contemporânea utilizando como linguagem o videogame e sua estética, que se formam como transfigurações das ideias de um mundo estruturado em códigos, uma informação entre os signos que convivem no cotidiano do homem comum. Neste caráter, o trabalho artístico aliado ao videogame propõe estados de percepção estética e interação com o espectador como forma estrutural da obra, como a obra em si. Unir a arte com o videogame para alcançar a mistura entre artista, obra e espectador / This dissertation deals with visualities sought in the field of contemporary art, using as the videogame as language and its aesthetics, formed as ideias of a visual transfigurations of a world structured in codes, an information between signs in daily living of the common man. In this character, the artwork coupled with videogame proposes levels of aesthetic perception and interaction with the viewer as a structural form of the work, like the work itself. Linking the art with the videogame achieve the combination between artist, work of art and the viewer

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:59:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_fp_me_arafcl.pdf: 531905 bytes, checksum: 167adb5226ceab33f3a09bc2276bfd89 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo realiza uma avaliação das diferentes abordagens da racionalidade e suas implicações sobre a compreensão dos fenômenos econômicos. Neste sentido, utilizar-se-á um referencial teórico abrangente, pois a adequada compreensão desse tema exige aproximações teóricas de varias matrizes potencialmente complementares. Isso será feito com o intuito de oferecer um retrato não estilizado da racionalidade, seja na abordagem neoclássica, seja na abordagem de Herbert Simon. A concepção neoclássica se expressa através de postulados, que possuem baixa correspondência com a realidade, sobretudo, por pressupor processos cognitivos de maneira idealizada e incerteza na forma probabilística. Consequentemente, essa representação altera características importantes dos agentes e do ambiente. A concepção de racionalidade limita de Herbert Simon gera avanços nos campos explicativos e descritivos, principalmente para cenários bem estabelecidos. Em especial, permite conhecer como os agentes interpretam e representam diferentes problemas, além disso, contribui para elucidar qual o processo e as ações que ligam o objetivo ao resultado. Por conseguinte, gera avanços significativos em relação à compreensão ofertada pela teoria neoclássica, ademais essas pesquisas produziram como subproduto uma noção de complexidade, pois a racionalidade é limitada em virtude dos processos complexos que caracterizam o ambiente. Neste sentido, a utilização desse conceito em situações instáveis gerou avanços no conhecimento. Entretanto, é necessário aprofundar essa relação para se obter respostas para condições de incerteza forte, questão não restrita ao conhecimento econômico, já que se relaciona com o avanço da filosofia e métodos da ciência / This dissertation makes an evaluation of different approaches of rationality and its implications about the understanding of economical phenomena. For that, it will be adopted a wide-ranging theoretical references, because the appropriate understanding of this subject demands theoretical approximation of various matrices with potential overlapping. This will be done in order to offer a non stylized portrait of rationality, either in a neoclassical approach or the Hebert Simon approach. The neoclassical notion is expressed through assumptions, which are fairly different from reality, due to the fact that presumes the cognitive process in an idealized way and also to associate uncertainty and probabilities. Consequently, this representation changes important characteristics of the agents and environment. The notion of bounded rationality of Hebert Simon generates improvement in the explanatory and descriptive fields, mainly for well-established scenarios. Especially, it allows knowing how the agents interpret and show different problems. Besides that, it contributes to elucidate which process and actions link the object to the result. In consequence, creates remarkable improvements in relation to the understanding offered by the neoclassic theory, moreover, these researches produce as a sub-product a notion of complexity, because rationality is bounded due to complex process that characterized the environment. For this reason, the use of this concept in unstable situations generates improvement of knowledge. Nevertheless, it is necessary to get deep into this relationship to obtain answers in circumstances of strong uncertainty, a matter not exclusive to economics knowledge because it is already related to the advance of philosophy and science methods

A predição de perdas de rendimento de uma cultura devido à interferência de plantas daninhas é fundamental para o planejamento e seleção de estratégias de manejo das plantas daninhas na agricultura. Diversos modelos empíricos foram descritos na literatura porém, há necessidade de validá-los e escolher variáveis que possam ser avaliadas de modo prático, sem reduzir a precisão da predição de perda de rendimento da cultura. Os objetivos foram os de avaliar a competitividade da cultura de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) em relação à planta daninha [Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) Hitchc.]; comparar a eficiência de modelos empíricos em predizer perdas de rendimento da cultura em que a variável independente descreve a população de plantas daninhas em termos de densidade, índice de área foliar relativa e cobertura relativa do solo e propor uma metodologia para estimar os coeficientes dos modelos avaliados. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Universidade de São Paulo (USP), na Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), no Departamento de Produção Vegetal, em Piracicaba/SP, Brasil. Em casa de vegetação, avaliou-se a resposta de cada espécie à sua própria densidade, determinando-se a densidade mínima de plantas a partir da qual a produção de massa vegetal/unidade de área torna-se independente da densidade e a resposta de cada uma em relação à presença da outra em diferentes densidades e proporções. No campo, avaliou-se a perda de rendimento da cultura devido à densidade e à época de emergência da planta daninha, simulada por diferentes datas de semeadura do capim-marmelada. Em casa de vegetação, o feijão, como espécie competidora, é superior ao capim-marmelada; considerando o efeito da competição sobre a massa seca produzida pela cultura, uma planta de feijão competiu com outra da mesma espécie com a intensidade de 21,3 plantas de capim-marmelada e, o efeito da competição sobre a massa seca produzida pela planta daninha, uma planta de capim-marmelada competiu com outra da mesma espécie com a intensidade de 0,68 plantas de feijão; há diferenciação parcial de nicho ecológico entre as espécies, isto é, ambas utilizam os mesmos recursos do meio mas o feijão evita a presença do capim-marmelada. No campo, o capim-marmelada, como espécie competidora, é superior ao feijão; a perda de rendimento diminui com o atraso na semeadura da planta daninha; o modelo que tem como variável a densidade da planta daninha não descreve a perda de rendimento da cultura causada pela época de semeadura da planta daninha mas aqueles cuja variável é o índice relativo da área foliar da planta daninha ou a cobertura relativa do solo pela planta daninha descrevem; a cobertura relativa do solo pela planta daninha, avaliada visualmente, é uma variável potencial para substituir o índice de área foliar relativa da planta daninha; com o método completo, proposto para estimar os coeficientes dos modelos, obtém-se melhor predição de perdas de rendimento da cultura do que com o método simplificado. / The prediction of crop yield losses due to weed infestation is fundamental for the selection of weed management strategies. Several empirical models have been presented in the literature. However, it is necessary to validate them and choose variables, which can be evaluated in more practical way without reducing the precision of the crop yield loss prediction. The goals of this study were to assess the competitive ability of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) relative to the weed alexandergrass [Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) Hitchc.]; to compare the performance of empirical models on predicting crop yield loss based on weed density, weed relative leaf area index and weed relative ground cover and, to suggest a methodology to estimate the coefficients of the tested empirical models. The experiments were carried out at University of São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), in the Department of Crop Production, in Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. With the glasshouse experiments the response of the species to its own density and, the response of the species to the presence of each other at different densities and proportion between them was assessed. With the field experiment, the crop yield loss, due to weed density and weed emergence relative to the crop emergence, simulated by sowing the weed at different time, was assessed. In the glasshouse experiments, as a competitor species, bean is superior to alexandergrass; the competition as measured by effects on bean biomass, one plant of bean is, to another plant of the same species, competitively equivalent to 21,3 alexandergrass plants and, as measured by effects on alexandergrass biomass, one alexandergrass plant is, to another plant of the same species, equivalent to 0,68 plant of bean; there is partial niche differentiation; the species compete for the same resources however, bean plants avoid the alexandergrass presence. In the field experiment, alexandergrass as a competitor species is superior to bean; crop yield losses decreased with the weed sowing delay; the model which variable is the weed density does not predict de crop yield loss due the relative time of weed sowing however, those models which variable is the weed relative leaf area index or weed relative ground cover, visually estimated, do; the visually estimated weed ground cover is a potential variable to substitute for the weed relative leaf area index; the suggested advanced method for estimating the models coefficients predicts the crop yield loss better than the simple method.

Orientadores: Edson do Prado Pfützenreuter, Anna Paula Silva Gouveia / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T07:52:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rezende_AndreNovaesde_D.pdf: 133268389 bytes, checksum: e0ce46145e8906cad7a46c671ea5c52e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: No fim do século XIX, o diálogo entre as artes visuais e a música abriu precedentes para que as artes aplicadas, ou comerciais, incentivassem o consumo do espetáculo musical. Paralelamente, com o desenvolvimento tecnológico da indústria fonográfica, a música passou a ser gravada e comercializada. A comercialização da música gravada, por sua vez, também foi beneficiada por um interesse de explorar-se uma conexão visual com o conteúdo da gravação. Em 1940, este interesse foi diretamente manifestado pelo designer gráfico norte-americano Alex Steinweiss, quando começou a projetar capas de álbuns de discos de 78rpm para a gravadora Columbia Records. Steinweiss não foi o primeiro artista comercial ou designer gráfico a projetar uma capa ilustrada para álbuns de discos de 78rpm mas, ao projetar capas, foi pioneiro na intenção de exercer uma correspondência semântica com o conteúdo musical dos discos. Esta tese tem como grande objetivo o resgate das principais condições históricas e culturais que ajudaram a caracterizar o trabalho de Steinweiss e que possibilitaram fosse ele incorporado com sucesso pela indústria fonográfica. Por meio do levantamento de tais condições e também do próprio método de projeto de Steinweiss, observou-se que seu sucesso proporcionou o estabelecimento de um paradigma, na medida em que as soluções propostas por ele foram, posteriormente, tomadas como modelo e substituíram as regras vigentes para o projeto gráfico das capas dos álbuns de discos / Abstract: By the end of the nineteenth century, the dialog between visual arts and music was a great influence on the applied arts, or commercial arts, in its own task of promoting the music spectacle. Meanwhile, with the technological development of the music industry, music started to be recorded and commercialized. The recorded music business, moved by its own interests, also explored a visual connection with the recorded musical content of their product. In 1940, the early work of the American graphic designer Alex Steinweiss was a consequence of this interest, as he started to design album covers for 78rpm records while working at Columbia Records. Steinweiss was not the first commercial artist or graphic designer to design illustrated album covers for 78rpm records, but he was the first one who expected to achieve semantic correspondence with the musical content of the record. The main goal of this thesis is to retrieve key historical and cultural conditions that influenced Steinweiss' work and allowed him to succeed as a graphic designer inside the recorded music business. By doing so, and by setting up aspects of Steinweiss' design methods, we have come to the conclusion that his success characterized a paradigm. The solutions he offered were taken as models and replaced the rules that determined how an album cover should be designed / Doutorado / Artes Visuais / Doutor em Artes

On s’intéresse dans cette thèse aux rapports qui existent entre deux invariants d’entrelacs. D’une part l’invariant d’Alexander ∆ qui est l’invariant de nœuds le plus classique, et le plus étudié avec le polynôme de Jones, et d’autre part la famille des invariants de Links-Gould LGn,m qui sont des invariants quantiques dérivés des super algèbres de Hopf Uqgl(n|m). On démontre en particulier un cas de la conjecture de De Wit-Ishii-Links : certaines spécialisa- tions des polynômes de Links-Gould fournissent des puissances du polynôme d’Alexander. Les polynômes LG sont donc des généralisations du polynôme d’Alexander. On conjecture de plus que ces invariants conservent certaines propriétés homologiques bien connues de ∆ permettant d’évaluer le genre des entrelacs et de tester le caractère fibré des nœuds. / In this thesis we focus on the connections that exist between two link invariants: first the Alexander-Conway invariant ∆ that was the first polynomial link invariant to be discovered, and one of the most thoroughly studied since alongside with the Jones polynomial, and on the other hand the family of Links-Gould invariants LGn,m that are quantum link invariants derived from super Hopf algebras Uqgl(n|m). We prove a case of the De Wit-Ishii-Links conjecture: in some cases we can recover powers of the Alexander polynomial as evaluations of the Links-Gould invariants. So the LG polynomials are generalizations of the Alexander invariant. Moreover we give evidence that these invariants should still have some of the most remarkable properties of the Alexander polynomial: they seem to offer a lower bound for the genus of links and a criterion for fiberedness of knots.

The diploma thesis is focused on identification and mutual comparison of Czech-British and Slovak-British cultural standards at work environment. The main goal of the thesis is to define British cultural standards from both sides, from the Czech one and the Slovak one, and then to compare, whether the information from qualitative research corresponds with theoretical assumptions. The next goal is to find out how much different is the view on this topic from the Czech and from the Slovak perspective, if it is different. At the end of the thesis will be proposed a few suggestions, how Czech and Slovak should prepare for a longer staying in the United Kingdom in order to avoid possible cultural misunderstandings.

This dissertation is original in using the contrasting ideas of two leading 20th century philosophers of science, Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn, to provide a philosophical understanding, firstly, of the shift from traditional software methodologies to the so-called Agile methodologies, and, secondly, of the values, principles and practices underlying the most prominent of the Agile methodologies, Extreme Programming (XP). This dissertation will take a revisionist approach, following Fuller—the founder of social epistemology—in reading Popper against Kuhn's epistemological hegemony. The investigations in this dissertation relate to two main branches of philosophy— epistemology and ethics. The epistemological part of this dissertation compares both Kuhn and Popper's alternative ideas of the development of scientific knowledge to the Agile methodologists' ideas of the development of software, in order to assess the extent to which Agile software development resembles a scientific discipline. The investigations relating to ethics in this dissertation transfer concepts from social engineering—in particular, Popper's distinction between piecemeal and utopian social engineering—to software engineering, in order to assess both the democratic and authoritarian aspects of Agile software development and management. The use of Kuhn's ideas of scientific revolutions and paradigm shift by several leading figures of the Agile software methodologies—most notably, Kent Beck, the leader of the most prominent Agile software methodology, Extreme Programming (XP)—to predict a fundamental shift from traditional to Agile software methodologies, is critically assessed in this dissertation. A systematic investigation into whether Kuhn's theory as a whole, can provide an adequate account of the day-to-day practice of Agile software development is also provided. As an alternative to the use of Kuhn's ideas, the critical rationalist philosophy of Karl Popper is investigated. On the one hand, this dissertation assesses whether the epistemological aspects of Popper's philosophy—especially his notions of falsificationism, evolutionary epistemology, and three worlds metaphysics—provide a suitable framework for understanding the philosophical basis of everyday Agile software development. On the other hand, the aspects of Popper's philosophy relating to ethics, which provide an ideal for scientific practice in an open society, are investigated in order to determine whether they coincide with the avowedly democratic values of Agile software methodologies. The investigations in this dissertation led to the following conclusions. Firstly, Kuhn's ideas are useful in predicting the effects of the full-scale adoption of Agile methodologies, and they describe the way in which several leaders of the Agile methodologies promote their methodologies; they do not, however, account for the detailed methodological practice of Agile software development. Secondly, several aspects of Popper's philosophy, were found to be aligned with several aspects of Agile software development. In relation to epistemology, Popper's principle of falsificationism provides a criterion for understanding the rational and scientific basis of several Agile principles and practices, his evolutionary epistemology resembles the iterative-incremental design approach of Agile methodologies, and his three worlds metaphysical model provides an understanding of both the nature of software, and the approach advocated by the Agile methodologists' of creating and sharing knowledge. In relation to ethics, Popper's notion of an open society provides an understanding of the rational and ethical basis of the values underlying Agile software development and management, as well as the piecemeal adoption of Agile software methodologies. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Computer Science / unrestricted

Despite a close geographical position to the Czech Republic, there are vast differences between the Czech and British cultures. Commonly after arriving in Britain, many Czech nationals experience a cultural shock and do not understand the behaviour of the British people. The same can be said about Britons arriving in the Czech Republic. This makes it important to understand the cultural differences to help both nationals interact successfully with one another. This Master thesis focuses on cultural standards, a concept made by Alexander Thomas. Therefore, this report aims to define the Czech-British and British-Czech cultural standards, whilst comparing them with the theory and then to apply them in a cultural-historic framework. This report will hypothesise that the defined cultural standards do not differ from the standards analysed within the book by Karel Čapek. Other hypothesis of this thesis is: Many Britons see Czech people as over-caring and anxious. In conclusion to this report, the author will provide recommendations to both Czech nationals travelling to Great Britain and also the same for British descendants arriving within the Czech Republic.

The aim of this thesis is to identify and more closely analyse Italian cultural standards, specifically from the perspective of Czechs and Slovaks, who came to a closer and more extended contact with the Italian culture. Identification of these standards was based on in-depth personal interviews and the theoretical part of this thesis. This part is focused on terms such as culture, intercultural communication, culture shock, cultural dimensions and standards. The practical part of this work is dedicated to the research itself and its evaluation as well as Italy per se, its history, culture, economy or demography. This work can also serve anyone in closer personal of professional contact with this culture.