The rise of the internet and the digital world becoming a bigger part of our lives has provided a new platform for adults to contact children for sexual purposes. The alternative media Dumpen.se has, with its controversial approach, taken responsibility for solving this problem and their work has been met with diligent reporting in established media. The purpose of the thesis is therefore to investigate how established media frame alternative media, with Dumpen as a case, in their articles. In addition, attitudes and possible power relations will be addressed. The study will answer the questions: (1) What main themes can be identified in the media reporting on Dumpen in Swedish established media? and (2) What attitudes and possible power relations are being portrayed? In order to answer this a thematic analysis has been executed on articles that deal with Dumpen during a selected time frame. The thesis uses framing theory as a theoretical framework. The results reveal that Dumpen is framed by established media through three distinctive main themes: Legal issues, Ethical issues and The role of media. The attitudes portrayed are generally negative towards Dumpen. The study has contributed to developing the research field by examining how established media choose to portray another smaller media, in the form of Dumpen.se, which is a new group that has received a lot of attention in society.

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Although scientific and technological progress continues to improve advanced warning technologies for meteorological and seismic events, natural disasters remain a threat globally. Asia is the continent most affected by natural disasters. Located in both the Circum-Pacific seismic belt and the western Pacific typhoon zone, Taiwan faces similar threats to its Asian neighbors. In 2009, the island nation experienced Typhoon Morakot and saw its massive rain-triggered landslides, burying more than 700 people in several rural villages and causing US$1.5 billion in economic losses. Furthermore, Typhoon Morakot was a political storm and a symbolic crisis because of the government's sluggish and inept response and the identity of the primary victims—Taiwanese Aborigines—who were forced to negotiate their racial identity and cultural heritage post-disaster. This dissertation examines the cultural and political role of disaster journalism. Employing a methodological triangulation of in-depth interviews with 23 veteran journalists who covered Typhoon Morakot and textual analysis of broadcast, newspaper, and online news coverage of Typhoon Morakot, this project investigates the process of disaster news-making, the visual construction of public emotions in broadcast news, the narrative attribution of political responsibility in newspapers, and the social justice potential of alternative media. News coverage of Typhoon Morakot thus provides both an outlet to witness the production and presentation of disaster news developed in a highly mature and competitive media environment and a glimpse into the international challenges and domestic predicaments faced by the newly democratized Taiwan. / Media & Communication

Studiens syfte är att förstå hur nyhetskonsumenter med olika nivå av institutionaliserat kulturellt kapital uppfattar innehållet i traditionella medier, högerpolitiska alternativmedier och högerextrema alternativmedier för att se hur dessatolkningar kan ge upphov till annorlunda sätt att se på en och samma företeelse med skilda vinklingar. Tidigare studier inom fältet har fokuserat på vilka typer av medier nyhetskonsumenter med olika bakgrund konsumerar men inte så mycket på hur innehållet uppfattas. Det är något som denna studie bringar klarhet kring. Studien är en kvalitativ intervjustudie där sex nyhetskonsumenter med olika bakgrund, beroende på utbildning och yrke, fått läsa och svara på frågor om tre olika nyhetsartiklar som behandlar samma händelse, attacken mot Notre-Damekatedralen i Nice den 29 oktober 2020. Intervjuerna har sedan analyserats utifrån encoding/decoding-perspektivet och ett klassteoretiskt perspektiv. Resultatet visar att den allmänna uppfattningen av artiklarna är relativt likartad respondenterna emellan. Resultatet visar även att varken traditionella medier eller alternativa medier uppfattas som objektiva eller trovärdiga. Det klassteoretiska resultatet visar att respondenter med ett högre kulturellt kapital applicerar ett mer kritiskt förhållningssätt genom att i större utsträckning applicera sina egna åsikter på de iakttagelser som görs. / The purpose of this study is to understand how news consumers with different levels of institutionalized cultural capital perceive traditional and right-wing alternative media in order to see how these interpretations may give rise to different ways to view the same phenomenon with different angles. Previous studies within the same field have focused on what types of media news consumers with different backgrounds consume, but not so much how the content is perceived. How the content is perceived is something this study brings clarity to. This is a qualitative interview study where six news consumers with different backgrounds, depending on education and occupation, are asked to read and answer some questions regarding three different news articles. These articles cover the same story, which is the attack against the Notre-Dame cathedral in Nice on October 29th in 2020. The interviews have been analysed through the encoding/decoding-perspective, as well as class theory perspective.   The result showcases that the general perception of the articles is relatively similar between the different respondents. The result also shows that neither the traditional nor the alternative media is perceived as objective or trustworthy. Furthermore, the result from a class theory perspective also shows how respondents with a higher cultural capital applies a more critical approach by applying their own opinions to a greater extent on the observations that are made.

“Filter bubble” became one of the most topical words of 2016 and it was even included in the Swedish Language Council's list of new Swedish words that was presented at the end of the year. Referring to algorithmically adapted media bubbles, this phenomenon has particularly been discussed in relation to the UK Brexit referendum and the US election as scholars and journalist argue that the phenomenon, in combination with a fragmented media usage, contribute to a political polarization where each side of the political spectrum is encapsulated in “echo chambers” where opinions and beliefs are repeated like an echo rather than contested and challenged.  In a Swedish context, filter bubbles and echo chambers have mainly been discussed in relation to anti-immigration internet media (AIIM), such as Avpixlat, Fria Tider and Exponerat, as these, through their critique of established journalistic media's (EJM) reporting, appear to constitute one side of a polarized debate around immigration. Through online interviews with 13 users of AIIM, this thesis is aimed at understanding why people consume such media and if the consumers are affected by echo chambers.  Drawing on theories on online echo chambers and radical media critique, the study's findings suggest that even though the respondents’ appear to thrive on a siege mentality where anti-immigration groups are excluded sub-groups with AIIM as their only solution, the respondents' consumption of AIIM (and critique of EJM) is more likely to be based on a combination of a low level of trust in society and strong political (right-wing) beliefs. Furthermore, the study shows that the respondents are likely to be affected by both fragmentation and filter bubbles, but that they are not completely isolated in an anti-immigration media bubbles as they also rely on EJM's reporting in several ways.

Like elsewhere in Europe, the tides of nationalist right-wing rhetoric in Sweden have become instrumental in generating a wave of anti-liberal and anti-immigration sentiments in politics and media. In particular, one branch of right-wing alternative media has become a breeding ground for normalizing such rhetoric. Does the anti-immigration stance in such media disguise racist inclinations? In this thesis we examine the discourse of three right-wing alternative media sites in Sweden to explore the possible employment of different types of racism in their articles. By taking the constructivist viewpoint and adopting the post-colonial conceptions of the 'Self' and the 'Other', racist discourse was analyzed and characterized as either biological or cultural. From these two theories, we derived concepts concerning descriptions of contemporary and ideal Swedish society that will be used as further indicators of racist discourses. In this single case study, 94 articles from Fria Tider, Nya Tider, and Samhällsnytt were analyzed on the topics of immigration, integration and crime through a qualitative content analysis. The results show that most of the articles contain cultural racist discourse.

Under det amerikanska presidentvalet 2016 blev falska nyheter ett omtalat fenomen, vilketkarakteriserades av att avsiktligt falsk eller vilseledande information spreds över internet ochsociala medier. Falska nyheter är falska eller vilseledande påståenden som avsiktligtpresenteras som sanna nyheter. Utvecklingen av internet och sociala medier medför att detidag finns en distinktion mellan etablerade och alternativa medier. För att förstå fenomenetfalska nyheter har studien undersökt hur begreppet påverkats av denna medieutveckling.Syftet var att undersöka hur rapporteringen kring falska nyheter ser ut i etablerade medierrespektive alternativmedier. Huvudfrågan var: Hur konstrueras begreppet falska nyheter i deetablerade och alternativa nyhetsmedier i Sverige som valts för denna uppsats? Studien haranvänt sig av diskursanalys för att undersöka olika diskursiva gestaltningar av falska nyheter,och hur alternativmedier förhåller sig till övrig media i medielandskapet. Resultatet visar attetablerad media huvudsakligen har en internationell diskurs medan alternativmedier fokuserarmer på den nationella diskursen. Vid analysen av resultatet har teorier om ideologi,diskursanalys samt gestaltning använts. Analysen visar att falska nyheter används avnyhetsmedierna som ett ideologiskt begrepp för att visa på skillnader mellan etablerad mediaoch alternativmedier samt att förståelsen av begreppet ”falska nyheter” är beroende av englobal intertextualitet. / During the US presidential election in 2016, “fake news” became a well-known phenomenon,which was characterized by the deliberate spread of false or misleading information over theinternet and social media. False news is false or misleading claims intentionally presented asreal news. The development of internet and social media means that there is today adistinction between established and alternative media. To understand the phenomenon of fakenews, the study has investigated how the concept was affected by this media development.The purpose was to investigate how reporting on false news appears in established media andalternative media. The main question was: How is the concept of fake news constructed inestablished and alternative news media in Sweden? The study has used discourse analysis toinvestigate various discursive news reports of fake news, and how alternative media relate toother news media. The result shows that established media mainly have an internationaldiscourse while alternative media focus more on the national discourse. The result has beenanalyzed with theories of ideology, discourse analysis and framing. The analysis shows thatfake news is used by the news media as an ideological concept to show differences betweenestablished media and alternative media and the understanding of the term "fake news" isdependent on a global intertextuality.

Esta dissertação é um estudo sobre as notícias da América Latina produzidas na mídia alternativa, com foco no radiojornalismo. Com isso, busca-se contribuir na construção conceitual do atual jornalismo alternativo latino-americano. Pretende-se compreender o caráter contra-hegemônico desse jornalismo quanto à sua forma e seu conteúdo, inseridos em suas práticas produtivas. O rádio alternativo, em seu atual momento histórico, com ampla utilização da internet e em meio à convergência midiática, é a concretude empírica que contribui para a compreensão do fenômeno pesquisado. O objeto de estudo se refere ao jornalismo realizado sobre temas da América Latina na mídia alternativa, com recorte em duas agências de notícias para rádio: a Radioagência NP e a Agência Pulsar Brasil. Além disso, é ponto de discussão da dissertação a concepção de América Latina e sua relação com projetos comunicacionais de organizações políticas e movimentos sociais. / This dissertation is a study on news about Latin America produced by alternative media, focusing on radio journalism. Therewith, it seeks to contribute with the conceptual construction of current Latin American alternative journalism. It intends to comprehend the counter-hegemonic aspect of this journalism regarding its form and content, inserted in its productive practices. Alternative radio, in its current historical moment, with ample internet use and amid media convergence, is the empirical concreteness that contributes for this study\'s comprehension on the researched phenomenon. The object of study refers to journalism made over Latin American themes in alternative media, particularly in two news agencies for radio: Radioagência NP and Agência Pulsar Brasil. Furthermore, this dissertation discusses the concept of Latin America and its relations with communication projects from political organizations and social movements.