El 11 de setiembre de 2002 se publicó en el Diario Oficial El Peruano la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional recaída en el Exp. 1124-2001-AA/TC la misma que marcó un quiebre en el modo de entender el derecho a la estabilidad laboral en el Perú. Dicha sentencia enervó a los empresarios, significó un enfrentamiento con gran parte de la doctrina laboral nacional y puso una cuota de esperanza de humanidad en las relaciones laborales. Hasta ese momento se entendió, en la legislación, en la doctrina y en la jurisprudencia laboral, que la única protección posible contra el despido arbitrario era la indemnización. Nunca la reposición, salvo que se tratase de la figura del despido nulo (aquel lesivo de otros derechos constitucionales como la igualdad o el debido proceso). El efecto multiplicador de la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional contribuyó para que, desde ese momento, se reduzca dramáticamente la utilización del despido arbitrario sin invocación de causa como el modo corriente de poner fin a las relaciones laborales en el país. ¿Para qué invocar causas si la legislación, la doctrina y la jurisprudencia laboral venían admitiendo la indemnización como la adecuada protección frente al despido arbitrario?

El presente informe analiza la controversia surgida entre la empresa Multiservis Clave 90 E.I.R.L. y la Municipalidad Provincial de Arequipa, a raíz de la expedición de una ordenanza municipal por dicha entidad pública que, según la citada empresa en la demanda de amparo interpuesta, suponía una vulneración de sus derechos fundamentales a la libertad de trabajo y de empresa. Así, el objetivo principal estriba en determinar si las exigencias contenidas en la citada ordenanza, norma que constituiría el acto vulnerador de tales derechos, constituyen o no barreras burocráticas ilegales y/o carentes de razonabilidad, además de la pertinencia de dilucidar esta controversia a través de la vía de la demanda de amparo o, por el contrario, recurriendo a una vía igualmente satisfactoria. Es así que, en cuanto al primer aspecto, se concluye que dicha norma contiene disposiciones que se tornan en barreras burocráticas carentes de razonabilidad y, en relación a la vía empleada, se aprecia que esta resultase tiene que la misma resulta válida para garantizar la protección de derechos fundamentales, bajo la figura del amparo contra normas legales contemplada en el Código Procesal Constitucional empleándose, como apoyo, doctrina y jurisprudencia del propio Tribunal Constitucional sobre la materia, con la finalidad de brindar mayores alcances en cuanto a las diversas opiniones de las instancias en las que se dilucidó la controversia. / This report analyzes the controversy that arose between the company Multiservis Clave 90 E.I.R.L. and the Provincial Municipality of Arequipa, following the issuance of a municipal ordinance by said public entity that, according to the aforementioned company in the amparo lawsuit filed, represented a violation of its fundamental rights to freedom of work and business. Thus, the main objective is to determine whether or not the requirements contained in the aforementioned ordinance, a rule that would constitute the act that violates such rights, constitute illegal and/or unreasonable bureaucratic barriers, in addition to the relevance of elucidating this controversy through of the application for protection or, on the contrary, resorting to an equally satisfactory route. Thus, regarding the first aspect, it is concluded that said norm contains provisions that become bureaucratic barriers lacking reasonableness and, in relation to the method used, it is appreciated that this result must be valid to guarantee protection. of fundamental rights, under the figure of protection against legal norms contemplated in the Constitutional Procedural Code, using, as support, doctrine and jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court itself on the matter, with the purpose of providing greater scope regarding the various opinions of the instances. in which the controversy was elucidated.

Work "Short exotic stories in work of Julius Zeyer" deals with five selected Zeyer's works that are set in the exotic land of India and Far East. One prose is associated with India, the other four with China and Japan. The works are a result of careful collecting, translating and creative work of Julius Zeyer. The present diploma thesis outlined in brief the life of Julius Zeyer and its role in the contemporary literature. It characterized Zeyer's interest in the exotic motives and way he followed them. The diploma thesis also considered form of the Zeyer's prose. The present work examined characteristics of plot and main characters and as well as the representation of the exotic places. It showed that the narrative places take part in creating the atmosphere that corresponds to the current experience of the characters. The nature of the characters is revealed against the background of the plot. Zeyer elaborated mutual connection between the characters and areas. Part of the interpretation was in each case devoted to the overall Zeyer's evocation of India, China and Japan and its artistic depth.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosemeire Cristina Buava Rodrigo.pdf: 911993 bytes, checksum: ca79967e542a82a80299892473cdf241 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / On this qualitative origin research, was investigated the meaning of the occupation workshop with intellectual deficiency elderly, having as theoretician base some gerontology basic concepts, as aging, oldness and special education area. To participate on the interviews were invited eight intellectual deficiency elderly aged sixty or more, and the responsible professional of the workshop performed on Comunidade de Amparo Social Asilar, in São Bernardo do Campo. The selection rule was the permanence time, of at least one year of frequency in the workshop. Developed information of the activities performed by the people, elements about the procedure and interpersonal relationship registered in specific notebooks were also used. The performed review revealed that emotional social relationship was marked by the speech pointing the wish on continuity of new knowledge and the importance of the performed activities on workshop and on elderly life. The feeling of friendship and concern with the other, express the human conscience on contemporary plurality / Nesta pesquisa de origem qualitativa investigou-se o significado das oficinas de ocupação para idoso com deficiência intelectual, tendo como base teórica conceitos básicos da gerontologia como envelhecimento e velhice e da área da educação especial. Foram convidados a participar das entrevistas oito idosos com deficiência intelectual e de idade de sessenta anos ou mais e o profissional responsável pelas oficinas de ocupação realizadas na Comunidade de Amparo Social Asilar situada no município de São Bernardo do Campo. O critério para seleção foi o tempo de permanência, de no mínimo, um ano de freqüência nas oficinas. Foram utilizadas, também, informações evolutivas das atividades realizadas pelos sujeitos, dados sobre conduta e relacionamento interpessoal registradas em cadernos específicos. O estudo realizado revelou que as relações sociais e afetivas foram marcadas pelos discursos que apontam o desejo na continuidade de novos aprendizados e a importância das atividades realizadas nas oficinas na vida dos idosos. O sentimento de amizade e preocupação com o outro traduz a consciência humana na pluralidade contemporânea

Mining obligations are a matter of great importance in the Mining Law and even more regarding the owners of mining rights, because the breach of any of these obligations by the leatters will lead mining concessions to extinction.This article develops in the first part the general framework for mining obligations, both those borned as a result of the formulation and granting of a mining concession and the consequences generated because of its breach. In the second part we analyze the problem regarding for the poor regulation of expiration (which is one of the most important causes of extinction of a mining concession) and their most notorious example due to lack of knowledge of timely payment. / Las obligaciones mineras son un tema de gran importancia en el Derecho Minero y más aún de los titulares de derechos mineros, debido a que el incumplimiento de alguna ellas priva de efectos a la concesión minera produciendo su extinción.El presente artículo desarrolla –en su primera parte– el marco general de las obligaciones mineras, tanto de aquellas que nacen como consecuencia de la formulación y otorgamiento de una concesión minera, así como las consecuencias que se generan por su incumplimiento. En la segunda parte, analizamos el marco conceptual previsto para la caducidad, como una de las causales de extinción más frecuentes de una concesión minera y la problemática que presenta su aplicación al pretender explicarla también como a ausencia de acreditación oportuna.

"Rum, Rome, and Rebellion: The Reform of Reform in the Political Fiction of the Gilded Age" examines a collection of American political novelists who were active during the mid- to late-nineteenth century. These writers were not only active in politics, they also used their experience in politics to compose realist fiction that typically contained a great deal of humor and satire. Despite their different backgrounds, each of these writers challenged the literary and political conventions of Romanticism, championing ironic detachment and cosmopolitanism. Although fiction about quotidian political life rarely achieves canonical status, such literature has always enjoyed a large readership, both in the nineteenth-century and in our own time. This dissertation attempts to untangle why we find (or don’t find) literature about quotidian political life entertaining and/or instructive, while also providing insight into this transitional period in American history. Each chapter concentrates on the fifty-year period between 1848 and 1898 from a different location, forming what are essentially four cross-sectional samples. This serves two interconnected purposes. One, it reorients the periodization of American literature and history away from 1865 by highlighting cultural continuities between the periods before and after the Civil War And two, it serves to highlight the integration of American literature, culture, and politics, with the broader, nineteenth-century Atlantic world, where the year 1865 carries less cultural significance. The first chapter begins in the nation's capital and examines the anti-populist liberalism of Henry Adams and John Hay. From Washington, we move north to New England where we encounter Henry James’s Bostonians. With the exception of Lionel Trilling, few major critics have championed James’s "middle period," which provides quasi-ethnographic sketches of political movements on both sides of the Atlantic. I reveal James’s long-standing fascination and engagement with the political analyses of Alexis de Tocqueville, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and his friend, Henry Adams. I show how the novel anticipates George Santayana’s notion of "the genteel tradition" which dominated northern American culture during this period. After examining two canonical figures, I turn my attention in a more southerly direction, to two lesser known authors. The first is Maria Ruiz de Burton, a Mexican writer from the Southwestern Borderlands who immigrated to the U.S. after the Mexican-American War. Ruiz de Burton has primarily been read as a proto-Chicana/o author, but I view her as a cosmopolitan whose observations about American culture and politics resemble those of James and Santayana. My last chapter is set in Louisiana, where we encounter and recover an eccentric, Spanish-Creole politician and author named Charles Gayarré and his 1856 novel The School for Politics, a satire of local machine politics. Largely forgotten today, Gayarré was connected to intellectual circles in both Europe and Latin America, and was acquainted with American writers like Herman Melville and Henry Adams. I relate The School for Politics with his later political novels in which anti-imperialism and a pluralistic plea for the tolerance of ethnic minorities also implicitly serve as an apology for racial segregation in the Jim Crow South.

財政援助をコントロールする仕組みは、国によって様々であり、立法的な統制、行政的な統制又は司法的な統制等があるが、本稿では、特に、裁判所による財政支出の統制に焦点を当て、アメリカ合衆国、スペイン及びメキシコ合衆国について検討する。本稿においては、主として、アメリカ合衆国、スペイン及びメキシコ合衆国の裁判所が、私企業に対する財政支出をどのような場合において違憲又は違法とするのか、又はどのような場合において合憲又は適法とするのかということを検討し、これらの国々の裁判所がその結論に到達するために、どのような要件又は判断基準に基づいて、財政支出を統制するのかということについて考察する。 / The mechanisms for controlling fiscal assistance vary from one country to another. Legislative, executive and judicial controls can be mentioned as broad examples of these mechanisms. This research will focus on the judicial control of fiscal expenditure in the United States of America, Spain and Mexico. It primarily examines in which cases financial expenditure on the private sector is declared unconstitutional or illegal and in which situations it is declared constitutional or legal by the American, Spanish and Mexican judiciary. It will also focus on an investigation of the legal requirements for fiscal stimulus, as well as in the judging criteria developed and used by the court of those countries to reach to those conclusions. / 博士(法学) / Doctor of Laws / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University