In recent years the separation between ethnographic research and the ethnographic text have continued to collapse. No longer is the anthropologist the sole authority on determining the native's point of view. Anthropologists are now writing within newer collaborative frameworks-newer frameworks that continue to challenge who has the right to speak for whom. This shift in ethnographic writing allows us to explore culture even more deeply through the process of obtaining narratives that focus on dialoguing the encounter between ethnographer and consultant. With this developing ethnographic moment in mind, this thesis explored through the use of collaboratively-constructed ethnographic narratives the juxtaposition of a family's identity and its place within the context of a larger community identity. In the final analysis, the narratives brought to light a symbiotic connection that exists between family, community, and the larger world. / Department of Anthropology

Thesis (M.S.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2006. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: William Wyckoff. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 235-248).

Thesis (B.S.)--University of Missouri, School of Mines and Metallurgy, 1912. / The entire thesis text is included in file. Typescript and handwritten. Illustrated by authors. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed February 20, 2009)

En el contexto contemporáneo de desaparición de los biotopos selváticos en América Latina, esta tesina tiene por objetivo reactualizar el estudio de las representaciones de la selva en la literatura de la selva latinoamericana en el contexto del choque entre Modernidad y naturaleza, con el avance de la ciencia y las actividades extractivas de los años 20. Con enfoque en las voces narrativas en el cuento “Anaconda” (1921) de Horacio Quiroga y en la novela La vorágine (1924) de José Eustasio Rivera, el estudio busca iluminar las elaboraciones literarias de las zonas selváticas misionera y amazónica, respectivamente. Partimos de la identificación de un problema que radica en una dualidad en las interpretaciones de este tema. Mientras una serie de estudios han propuesto que en la novela selva, género al que pertenece el corpus a pesar de ser uno un cuento, la selva se presenta como “infierno verde” (Rueda: 2003) para el ser humano, otros estudios actuales definen a la selva como “zona de contagios” (Andermann, 2018) entre ser humano y selva. Valiéndonos de perspectivas ecocríticas (Glotfelty, 1996;Marcone, 1998; Gunnels, 2006; Arévalo Viveros, 2009; Camasca, 2020; Heffes, 2014, 2021), en esta tesina analizamos cómo se articulan las representaciones de la selva en los dos textos, y cómo se relacionan tales representaciones con el conflicto del choque entre Modernidad y naturaleza. Como resultados principales, el análisis arroja que la selva se representa a través de una personificación y antropomorfización, donde la voz narrativa le otorga características y acciones humanas a las plantas en Rivera y a las víboras en Quiroga‒, donde la selva tanto se muestra hostil o como víctima. Sin embargo, en esta representación, también encontramos instancias de contagio mutuo, donde la naturaleza y el hombre actúan mutuamente con violencia. Asimismo, también observamos una nueva variante en estas representaciones de la selva relacionada con la apatía e indiferencia del ser humano hacia la naturaleza, y una reacción de la naturaleza relacionada con su enmudecimiento, lo cual implica que esta literatura de la selva de los años 20 puede aportar conocimientos necesarios para comprender la actual situación de desaparición de las selvas en América Latina. / n the contemporary context of the disappearance of jungle biotopes in Latin America, this thesis aims to update the study of the representations of the jungle in the literature of the Latin American jungle in the context of the clash between Modernity and nature, in conjunction with the advances of science and extractive activities of the 1920s. From a focus on narrative voices in the short story "Anaconda" (1921) by Horacio Quiroga and in the novel La vorágine (1924) by José Eustasio Rivera, the study objective of the study is to illuminate the literary representations of the missionary and Amazon jungle areas, respectively. We start from the identification of a problem that lies in a duality in the interpretations of this topic. While a seriesof studies has proposed that in the novela de la selva, the genre to which the corpus belongs despite being a story, the jungle is presented as a “green hell” (Rueda, 2003) for the human being. Other current studies define the jungle as a “contagion zone” (Andermann, 2018) between human beings and the jungle. From an ecocritical perspective (Glotfelty, 1996; Marcone, 1998; Gunnels, 2006; Arévalo Viveros, 2009; Camasca, 2020; Heffes, 2014, 2021), in this thesis we analyze the representations of the forest that are articulated in the two texts, and how such representations are related to the conflict of the clash between Modernity and nature. As the main results, the analysis shows that the jungle is represented through personification and anthropomorphism, where the narrative voice gives characteristics and human actions, to the plants in Rivera and to the vipers in Quiroga, where the jungle is so hostile or as a victim. However, in this representation, we also find instances of mutual contagion, where nature and human beings act violently towards each other. Likewise, we also observe a new variant in these representations of the jungle related to the apathy and indifference of the human being towards nature, and a reaction of nature related to its silence, which implies that this literature of the jungle of the 20s can provide the necessary knowledge to understand the current disappearance of forests in Latin America

<p>1979 till 1989 pågick en sovjetisk militär insats i Afghanistan vars syfte var att bedriva upprorsbekämpning för att stödja den afghanska marionettregeringen. Efter 9/11 2001 blev Afghanistan återigen ett insatsområde för en amerikanskledd koalition vars syfte var att störta talibanerna och sätta en ny regering till makten. Som en följd av detta genomfördes flera markoperationer för att rensa upp de sista talibanska fästena. En av dessa operationer var Operation Anaconda. Men fanns och finns det fortfarande erfarenheter som från Sovjets insatser som kunde haft en effekt på denna operation samt liknande operationer? Syftet med denna uppsats är att utgå från de sovjetiska operationer Afghanistan 1979-1989 och påvisa framgångsfaktorer som kan användas på markoperationer inom ramen för upprorsbekämpning. Uppsatsen slutsatser pekar på att det finns framgångsfaktorer att dra av de sovjetiska erfarenheterna i områdena: Indirekt eld, den afghanska terrängen och lokalt understödjande förband, ledning, operationssäkerhet och principen för överraskning.</p> / <p>Between 1979 and 1989 there was an on going soviet military intervention which purpose was to battle insurgents in favour of the, by the Soviets, supported puppet government. After 9/11 2001 Afghanistan was once again a stage, bur for an American led coalition which purpose was to over throw the Taliban regime and install a new government. Because of this, several ground operations were conducted to clear out the last of the Taliban remnants. One of these operations was Operation Anaconda. But were there any experiences from the soviets operations that could have an effect on this and other operations? The purpose of this essay is to start from Soviet operations from 1979-1989 in Afghanistan and point out criteria’s of success that could be used on ground based operations within the context of counterinsurgency. The result of the essay points out that there is criteria’s of success to be found in the experiences from the Soviets operations in the fields of: Artillery, Afghan terrain and local supportive units, command and control, operational security and the principle of surprise.</p>

1979 till 1989 pågick en sovjetisk militär insats i Afghanistan vars syfte var att bedriva upprorsbekämpning för att stödja den afghanska marionettregeringen. Efter 9/11 2001 blev Afghanistan återigen ett insatsområde för en amerikanskledd koalition vars syfte var att störta talibanerna och sätta en ny regering till makten. Som en följd av detta genomfördes flera markoperationer för att rensa upp de sista talibanska fästena. En av dessa operationer var Operation Anaconda. Men fanns och finns det fortfarande erfarenheter som från Sovjets insatser som kunde haft en effekt på denna operation samt liknande operationer? Syftet med denna uppsats är att utgå från de sovjetiska operationer Afghanistan 1979-1989 och påvisa framgångsfaktorer som kan användas på markoperationer inom ramen för upprorsbekämpning. Uppsatsen slutsatser pekar på att det finns framgångsfaktorer att dra av de sovjetiska erfarenheterna i områdena: Indirekt eld, den afghanska terrängen och lokalt understödjande förband, ledning, operationssäkerhet och principen för överraskning. / Between 1979 and 1989 there was an on going soviet military intervention which purpose was to battle insurgents in favour of the, by the Soviets, supported puppet government. After 9/11 2001 Afghanistan was once again a stage, bur for an American led coalition which purpose was to over throw the Taliban regime and install a new government. Because of this, several ground operations were conducted to clear out the last of the Taliban remnants. One of these operations was Operation Anaconda. But were there any experiences from the soviets operations that could have an effect on this and other operations? The purpose of this essay is to start from Soviet operations from 1979-1989 in Afghanistan and point out criteria’s of success that could be used on ground based operations within the context of counterinsurgency. The result of the essay points out that there is criteria’s of success to be found in the experiences from the Soviets operations in the fields of: Artillery, Afghan terrain and local supportive units, command and control, operational security and the principle of surprise.

The archaeological materials associated with the Kuntur Wasi Temple in Cajamarca reveal rich iconographic representations. They are important for revealing the cosmology that gave meaning to the ceremonial activities of the temple, as well as the daily life of the people. This article presents a brief description of the characteristics of the stone sculpture and mural paintings found at Kuntur Wasi. It ascribes a meaning related to the myth and ritual of water and to the important role played by aquatic reptiles such as crocodiles, caimans or anacondas. / Los materiales asociados a los templos y tumbas del sitio de Kuntur Wasi, Cajamarca, contienen representaciones iconográficas que conviene analizar para entender mejor la cosmología que daba fundamento a las actividades ceremoniales en el templo y a las de la vida cotidiana del pueblo. El presente trabajo es un avance en tal sentido, pues resume las características de las representaciones figurativas en los monolitos y la pintura mural. El análisis revela que el templo de Kuntur Wasi encierra elementos que permiten descifrar el significado del mito y del culto al agua, así como del papel importante que tenía el reptil acuático —en forma de caimán, cocodrilo o anaconda— para este grupo social.

This thesis examines whether traditional air power theory complements counterinsurgency air power theory in kinetic counterinsurgency operations. The reason being that there is some discrepancy in the theories of how air power can be used in counterinsurgency. Winning a revolutionary war requires a graduated spectrum of violence; whereas, traditionally air power is characterized as only using the kinetic, hard power, end of that spectrum. The purpose is to test Robert Pape’s air power theory of military coercion by denial, motivated by the theory’s agreement with current research of air power in counterinsurgency. This thesis is a comparative case study examining two, similar and successful counterinsurgency operations, Operation Anaconda and Operation Medusa. Findings show that denial is quite prominent when direct support of ground forces occurs; whereas operational and strategic interdiction indicate low or no occurrence. This study strengthens the theory’s applicatory power in a counterinsurgency context, and suggests it can complement current research on counterinsurgency air power in kinetic usage. / <p><strong>Uppsatsen skriven VT 2017 under Termin 4 Officersprogrammet 15-18 med inriktning</strong><strong>mot flyg. Examen genomförs VT 2018.</strong></p>

L'utilisation du sévoflurane comme hypnotique par voie inhalée pour sédation en réanimation est restée pendant longtemps confidentielle et ce pour deux raisons principales : l'antériorité de l'utilisation et donc la connaissance parfaite des protocoles par voie intraveineuse (benzodiazépines ou propofol) ainsi que l'adéquation des respirateurs aux protocoles d'anesthésie et non à la sédation. L'apparition de l'Anaesthetic Conservating Device (AnaConDa ou ACD), en se substituant à l'échangeur de chaleur et d'humidité sur le circuit respiratoire a permis le développement de protocoles de sédation utilisant les gaz halogénés à de faibles doses sur des périodes beaucoup plus longues que celles définies par son Autorisation de Mise sur le Marché (AMM) en anesthésie. Du fait de ses propriétés (faible volume de distribution, cinétique rapide, protection cardio-vasculaire) le sévoflurane est préféré aux protocoles intraveineux dans certaines indications. Ainsi, le CHU de Clermont-Ferrand s’est porté promoteur d’une étude clinique étudiant l’influence de longues périodes d’administration avec le filtre AnaConDa sur le comportement cinétique du gaz et la tolérance rénale des patients traités. Nous avons développé une méthode de dosage plasmatique par chromatographie gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse du gaz et de son métabolite et établi un protocole d'étude des paramètres pharmacocinétiques les plus déterminants de cette administration. 12 patients ont été inclus dans l'essai clinique. Les paramètres pharmacocinétiques calculés montrent que cette administration ne semble pas modifier la cinétique du sévoflurane par rapport à une administration classique du gaz sur de plus courtes périodes. Par ailleurs, la tolérance rénale des patients inclus est bonne. Ces résultats sont à confirmer par l'étude d'un plus grand nombre de patients en prenant en compte les populations particulières de malades tels que les obèses ou les insuffisants rénaux. / No abstract available

Atualmente estamos presenciando mudanças climáticas ao nível global sem precedentes, as quais se tornarão mais severas no decorrer dos anos, podendo causar danos irreversíveis à biodiversidade. Como as espécies irão reagir a essas mudanças e quais ações de conservações devem ser tomadas estão entre os tópicos mais significantes na ecologia atualmente. As mudanças climáticas têm sido apontadas como uma das principais causas de reduções (e alterações) na distribuição geográfica e abundância de muitas espécies, e até mesmo a extinção. Os modelos de nicho ecológico têm sido uma ferramenta muito utilizada a fim de compreender como a distribuição das espécies pode ser afetada pelas mudanças climáticas. Os modelos fornecem valiosas informações sobre o potencial efeito das mudanças climáticas na distribuição futura das espécies, podendo assim ser usado para a compreensão de como e quais espécies podem ser mais afetadas, além dos locais adequados para sua conservação. Uma vez que informações importantes sobre os organismos não são incorporadas nos modelos, é fundamental o conhecimento sobre a biologia e história natural das espécies para a interpretação dos resultados. No presente estudo é aprestada uma revisão sobre o atual estado de conhecimento das quatro espécies do gênero Eunectes em relação à distribuição geográfica, uso do habitat e microhabitat, atividade diária e sazonal, reprodução, tamanho corporal, dieta e status de conservação. Adicionalmente aspectos da história natural de uma população da sucuri verde, Eunectes murinus, foram estudados em locais florestados, na cidade de Bonito, MS, e aqui são apresentados dados sobre movimentação, uso do microhabitat, reprodução e dieta. Ainda, foram desenvolvidos modelos de nicho climático para cada uma das quatro espécies a fim de entender os possíveis impactos das mudanças climáticas nessas espécies em dois cenários futuros. Foram assumidas duas abordagens de dispersão, com livre dispersão e sem dispersão. A partir dos resultados foi possível reconhecer padrões na biologia das espécies de Eunectes, identificar as principais lacunas de conhecimento e sugerir onde esforços em pesquisa devem ser focados. Além disso, importantes dados sobre a história natural da sucuri verde (E. murinus) foram registrados. Foi observado que, em relação à movimentação, dieta e reprodução, aparentemente a espécie mantém o padrão já registrado em estudos anteriores. Entretanto, o uso do microhabitat diferiu substancialmente, tendo sido encontrado um número muito elevado de indivíduos utilizando árvores. As projeções futuras indicam que, para o intervalo entre os anos de 2061-2080, todas as espécies, menos E. notaeus, perderão grande quantidade de hábitat climaticamente adequado, sendo E. deschauenseei a mais afetada (100% de perda com e sem dispersão no pior cenário). Ainda, as análises apontam que haverá uma mudança de local adequado para a potencial ocorrência de três espécies. Sem dispersão, todas as espécies perderão área, sendo que E. beniensis perderá 100% de habitat adequado em ambos os cenários de alterações climáticas. As informações geradas por este estudo ajudam a melhorar a compreensão da ecologia, história natural e distribuição das espécies do gênero, bem como indica quais as espécies poderão ser mais prejudicadas pelas mudanças climáticas em curso. Finalmente, os resultados fornecem subsídios para a formulação de planos de conservação, indicando importantes áreas que poderão servir de refúgio climático para as espécies / We are currently witnessing unprecedented global climate change, which will become more severe over the years and can cause irreversible damage to biodiversity. How species will react to these changes and what conservation actions should be taken are among the most significant topics in ecology today. Climate change has been identified as a major cause of reductions (and changes) in geographic distribution and abundance of many species, and even extinction. Ecological niche models have been widely used in order to understand how the distribution of species can be affected by climate change. The models provide valuable information on the potential effect of climate change on the future distribution of species and can be used to assess how and which species may be most affected, as well as the appropriate sites for their conservation. Since important information about the species is not incorporated into the models, the knowledge about their biology and natural history is crucial for interpretating the results. In the present study a review is presented on the current state of knowledge about the four species of the genus Eunectes in relation to geographic distribution, habitat and microhabitat use, daily and seasonal activity, reproduction, body size, diet and conservation status. In addition, natural history aspects of a green anaconda (E. murinus) population were studied in forested sites in the Bonito municipality, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, where data on movement, microhabitat use, reproduction and diet are presented. Furthermore, climate niche models were developed for each of the four species in order to understand the possible impacts of climate change under two future scenarios.Two dispersion approaches were performed, with \"free dispersion\" and \"no dispersion\". It was possible to recognize patterns in the biology of Eunectes species, identify the main knowledge gaps and to suggest where research efforts should be focused. Moreover, important data on the natural history of the green anaconda (E. murinus) were recorded. It was observed that, in relation to movement, diet and reproduction, the species apparently maintains the pattern recorded in previous studies. However, the use of the microhabitat differed substantially, with a very high number of individuals being found on trees. Future projections indicate that, for the interval between the years 2061-2080, all species, but E. notaeus, will lose a large amount of climatically suitable habitat, with E. deschauenseei being the most affected (100% loss with and without dispersion in the worst scenario). Future projections also indicate that there will be a shift in the distribution of suitable habitat for the potential occurrence of three species. Without dispersion, all species will lose area, and E. beniensis will lose 100% of suitable habitat in both climate change scenarios. The information generated by this study helps to improve the knowledge about the ecology, natural history and distribution of the species of Eunectes, as well as indicates which species may be most affected by ongoing climate change. Finally, the results provide subsidies for the formulation of conservation plans, indicating important areas that could serve as a climate refuge for the species