Logistics as a process of planning, realization and controlling of effective and powerful workflow and commodities warehousing, services and related information with the goal of costumers satisfaction, became highly important and inseparable part of every company. The essential part of the planning process is an analysis of the current company situation, which tries to find all the limiting factors, and which serves as a basis for the process of making a company more effective. This diploma thesis analyses the current state of the expedition division of the ModusLink Czech Republic s.r.o. company – it analyses all its working operations in detail and using chronometrical analysis method evaluates division‘s theoretical and feasible throughput capacity. The feasible throughput capacity is then confronted with division’s real throughput capacity achieved during the monitored months, and depending on the results of the comparison there are some conclusions and recommendations for future improvements mentioned.

Grades serve as one of the primary indicators of student learning, directing subsequent actions for students, instructors, and administrators, alike. Therefore, grade validity—that is, the extent to which grades communicate a meaningful and credible representation of what they purport to measure—is of utmost importance. However, a grade cannot be valid if one cannot trust that it will consistently and reliably result in the same value, regardless of who makes a measure or when they make it. Unfortunately, such reliability becomes increasingly challenging to achieve with larger class sizes, especially when utilizing multiple evaluators, as is often the case with mandatory introductory courses at large universities. Reliability suffers further when evaluating open-ended tasks, as are prevalent in authentic, high-quality engineering coursework.<div><br></div><div>This study explores grading reliability in the context of a large, multi-section engineering course. Recognizing the number of people involved and the plethora of activities that affect grading outcomes, the study adopts a systems approach to conduct a human reliability analysis using the Functional Resonance Analysis Method. Through this method, a collection of data sources, including course materials and observational interviews with undergraduate teaching assistant graders, are synthesized to produce a general model for how actions vary and affect subsequent actions within the system under study. Using a course assignment and student responses, the model shows how differences in contextual variables affect expected actions within the system. Next, the model is applied to each of the observational interviews with undergraduate teaching assistants to demonstrate how these actions occur in practice and to compare graders to one another and with expected behaviors. These results are further related to the agreement in system outcomes, or grades, assigned by each grader to guide analysis of how actions within the system affect its outcome.<br></div><div><br></div><div>The results of this study connect and elaborate upon previous models of grader cognition by analyzing the phenomenon in engineering, a previously unexplored context. The model presented can be easily generalized and adapted to smaller systems with fewer actors to understand sources of variability and potential threats to outcome reliability. The analysis of observed outcome instantiations guides a set of recommendations for minimizing grading variability.<br></div>

The population in the Central Bohemian manor of Škvorec from the middle of the 18th to the end of the 19th century. Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze the reproductive behavior (nuptiality, natality, female and male fertility, mortality) and the social structure of selected groups of the population of the Škvorec manor in the 18th and 19th century. The Škvorec manor which is located in the territory of today's Central Bohemia was an important agricultural area in given period. The complete nominal excerpts from parish registers were used to find numbers of all births, marriages and deaths. In addition to traditional historical- demography methods (especially the family reconstitution method and subsequent calculation of demographic indicators from family leaves), advanced statistical methods (survival analysis, Cox regression model) were also used for data analysis. These approaches are new in Czech historical demography and bring many advantages, which are presented in the work. The natural change of population development at the manor is compared with the Czech lands as a whole and in more detail with selected rural and urban localities. The results mostly correspond with the population development which was observed in the Czech lands. The number of inhabitants of the manor in the years...

Vanliga fenoliska antioxidanter som används i polymerer orsakar färgändringar i polymeren. Detta arbete berör antioxidanter med jämförelsevis begränsad färgändring, med fokus på att utveckla metoder för analys av dessa. UV-stabilisatorerna UV2, UV5, UV1, UV4, UV3 och UV6 är också inkluderade i detta arbete. Metodutvecklingen involverade både kapillärelektrofores och ”matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry” (MALDI-TOF). Den bästa metoden för analys av de flesta av additiven inkluderade MALDI-TOF med 2’,6’-dihydroxyacetophenon (10 mg/ml) i TA50 som matris och hexafluoroisopropanol som lösningsmedel. När en metod för detektion av analyterna hade tagits fram, så inleddes utveckling av en metod för extraktion av additiv från polymera material. Extraktion av UV5 var framgångsrik vid användning av toluen vid 80 °C i ultraljudsbad i tre timmar. Det extraherade UV5 detekterades sedan med metoden som hade utvecklats för det rena additivet. / Ordinary phenolic antioxidants used in polymers give rise to color formations. This work concerns antioxidants with limited color-formations in comparison, with the focus being development of methods for analysis of these. Also included in this work are the high molecular weight UV-stabilizers UV2, UV5, UV1, UV4, UV3 and UV6. The method development involved both capillary electrophoresis and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). The best method for analysis of most additives involved using MALDI-TOF with a matrix consisting of 2’,6’-dihydroxyacetophenone (10 mg/ml) in TA50 and with hexafluoro isopropanol as the solvent. When a method for detection of the analytes had been obtained, a method for extraction of the additives from polymers was developed. UV5 was successfully extracted using toluene as the extracting solvent at 80 °C under sonication for three hours. The extracted UV5 was then detected using the method developed for the pure additive.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the parliamentary structure and tasks of Bosnia and Herzegovina to see the limitations it has on the progress to democracy. By studying the Dayton accords appendix four (the constitution) and article four (the parliamentary assembly). In the analysis two theories was used, historical institutionalism and rational choice theory to help find answers to the purpose. With the thematic analysis method to analyse the material and to find themes in the data these three themes was put together, complex parliamentary structure, discrimination against minorities and the balance of power between the various institutions and actors. The material was some scientific reports and books by a variety of different authors and the Dayton accords. The analysis shows that the parliament structure is structured in a non-democratic way, the function of the structure is to keep and preserve the peace in the region. In conclusion the Dayton accords is the main reason for the structure of parliament and that it was made for peacekeeping, not necessarily to create a democratic state. Why there has not been any reform or change in the structure is because the political elite has it easier to gain their own interest with this structure rather than a democratic structure.

[pt] Este trabalho tem como objetivo aplicar uma técnica de síntese ótica de lentes dielétricas circularmente simétricas, que são iluminadas por uma fonte pontual com diagrama circularmente simétrico. A interface da lente (interface do dielétrico-ar) será modelada utilizando as aproximações da Ótica Geométrica e da Física Ótica. Da Ótica Geométrica, o controle da densidade de potência em campo distante é obtido pela aplicação de conservação de energia no interior dos tubos de raios que emergem do centro de fase da fonte e a determinação da direção dos raios que emergem da superfície do dielétrico é obtida através da aplicação da Lei de Snell para os raios incidentes na interface. Da Física Ótica, é possível obter as correntes elétrica e magnética na superfície externa da lente para determinar o campo radiado na integração dessas correntes pela superfície a partir da suposição de que as dimensões da lente e da curvatura da interface sejam muito maiores que um comprimento de onda no espaço livre. Devido a simetria circular, simplificações na formulação e nos esquemas numéricos para a solução serão apresentadas, resultando em técnica de projeto mais eficientes. A descrição da superfície da interface da lente é obtida através de técnica numérica. / [en] This work aims to apply a technique of optical synthesis of symmetrically circular dielectric lenses, which are illuminated by a point source with a symmetrically circular diagram. The lens interface (dielectric-air interface) will be modeled using the approximations of Geometric Optics and Physical Optics. From Geometric Optics, control of the power density in the far field is obtained by applying energy conservation inside the ray tubes that emerge from the phase center of the source and the determination of the direction of the rays emerging from the dielectric surface is obtained through the application of Snell’s law for the incident rays at the interface. From Physical Optics, it is possible to obtain the electric and magnetic currents on the external surface of the lens to determine the radiated field in the integration of these currents along the surface assuming that the lens dimensions and interface curvature are much larger than a wavelength in free space. Due to circular symmetry, simplifications in formulation and numerical schemes for the solution will be presented, resulting in a more efficient design technique. The description of the lens interface surface is obtained through numerical technique.

På avdelningen DM (dieselmotor) på Scania bearbetas de olika typer av motorblock som Scania använder i sina lastbilar. De använder sig av ett störningsdatasystem med syfte att kunna ha störningsfria produktionslinor utav de inrapporterade störningarna. Trots den stora mängden av data som finns i systemet utnyttjas inte de på ett effektivt sätt i störningsanalysen. Uppgiften i examensarbetet är att kartlägga nuvarande metoder för störningsanalys som används på Scania motorbearbetning. Syftet med detta är att hjälpa DM-avdelningen att kunna använda sig av störningsdata på ett bättre sätt. Projektets resultat pekar mot tre slutsatser. Rapporteringssystemet är krånglig och svår för operatörerna att göra vilket är på grund av de olika rapporteringsnivåerna vid rapportering av en störning. Rapporteringen tar onödig tid med tanken på att operatören har många andra arbetsuppgifter. Visa störnings data kategorier tas bort från analysen för att man inte visste hur de kan utnyttjas. Förbättrings förslag till tidigare nämnda situationer blev att utveckla rapporteringssystemet med en sökfunktion. Operatörerna ska kunna rapportera störningar med arbetes mobiltelefoner därmed ska varje maskin ha sin egen QR-code. Störningsdata under kategorien “Fullt Fram” ska analyseras för långa perioder vilket kan hjälpa med utvecklingen av produktionslinan. / The DM (diesel engine) department at Scania processes the different types of engines blocks that Scania uses in its trucks. They use a fault-free computer system with the aim of being able to have disturbance-free production lines of reported disturbances. Despite the large amount of data contained in the system, it is not well utilized in the disturbance analysis. The task in the thesis is to map current methods for disturbance analysis used at Scania engine processing. The purpose of this is to help the DM department to be able to use the disturbance data in a better way. The results of the project point to three conclusions. The reporting system is complicated and difficult for operators to do, which is due to the different reporting levels when reporting a disturbance. Reporting takes unnecessary time with the idea that the operator has many other tasks. Some disturbance data categories are removed from the analysis because you did not know how to exploit them. The improvement of the situations was to develop the reporting system with a search function. The operators should be able to report disturbances with work mobile phones, so each machine should have its own QR-code. The disturbance data below the category “Full Forward” should be analyzed for long periods, which can help with the development of the production line.

<p>  </p> <p>Dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) are two widely used herbicides for broadleaf weed control in soybeans. However, off-target application of dicamba and 2,4-D can cause severe damage to sensitive vegetation and crops. Early detection and assessment of off-target damage caused by these herbicides are necessary to help plant diagnostic labs and state regulatory agencies collect more information of the on-site conditions so to develop solutions to resolve the issue in the future. In 2021, the study was conducted to detect damage to soybean leaves caused by dicamba and 2,4-D by using LeafSpec, an accurate handheld hyperspectral leaf scanner. . High resolution single leaf hyperspectral images of 180 soybean plants in the greenhouse exposed to nine different herbicide treatments were taken 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after herbicide spraying. Pairwise PLS-DA models based on spectral features were able to distinguish leaf damage caused by two different modes of action herbicides, specifically dicamba and 2,4-D, as early as 2 hours after herbicide spraying. In the spatial distribution analysis, texture and morphological features were selected for separating the dosages of herbicide treatments. Compared to the mean spectrum method, new models built upon the spectrum, texture, and morphological features, improved the overall accuracy to over 70% for all evaluation dates. The combined features are able to classify the correct dosage of the right herbicide as early as 7 days after herbicide sprays. Overall, this work has demonstrated the potential of using spectral and spatial features of LeafSpec hyperspectral images for early and accurate detection of dicamba and 2,4-D damage in soybean plants.</p> <p>   </p>

This research aims to improve the design and placement of runway exits at airports through analysis and modeling of the effects that exogenous causal factors have on pilots' landing behavior and exit selections. Incorporating these factors into modeling software will strengthen the software's utility by providing project teams the ability to specify which pilot motivational causal factors apply to a new or existing runway. The main findings suggest pilots' exit selections are deterministic but dependent on the presence (or absence) of six (6) causal factors. A model and two (2) case studies are presented and compared against predictions generated by existing modeling software. The results support a finding that the causal factor model improves motivation-based predictions over current modeling techniques, which are drawn from stochastic distributions. The accuracy of this model enables designers to optimize runway exit placement and geometry to maximize runway capacity. / Master of Science / Airport design engineers currently plan the locations and geometric characteristics of runway exits by balancing the expected fleet mix of aircraft on that runway with the capacity and delay effects that the number and placement of these exits might cause. This technique originated from research beginning in the early 1970s, which found that pilots' exit motivations primarily resulted from the capabilities and limitations of their aircraft. Since pilots tend to "fly by the numbers" (i.e., exhibit predictable approach airspeeds, power levels, wing flaps, touchdown locations, landing speeds, and braking efforts), engineers thus employed design principles in which the numbers, locations and geometries of exits were primarily functions of the physical and performance-based characteristics of the specific types of aircraft expected to utilize the runway. However, in studying more than 4 million landings by a single aircraft type (the Boeing 737-800) at 42 U.S. airports, the evidence in this thesis shows that pilots' exit selections are behaviorally motivated by more than the physics of motion. This thesis aims to refine previous research and engineering methods by showing evidence that pilots' exit selections have as much to do with the presence (or absence) of certain environmental factors within the landing system. These factors (described in detailed within) are unique to each airport's overall physical network of interconnected runways, exits, taxiways, terminals and other features. Within this network, a pilot's landing behavior and exit selection depends on the locational and relational interactions that each exit choice will have on the time and distance to their apron (gate) assignment. These "interactions" are referred to as causal factors – defined as physical features within a landing environment that pilots have little-to-no control over – but which nevertheless influence their specific exit selections. Two (2) runway case studies provided in this thesis evidence a finding that a causal factor model reliably predicts pilots' exit selections better than current modeling techniques, which are drawn from probability-based statistical distributions. The stability and accuracy of the new model enables engineering design and project teams to optimize runway exit placement and geometry to maximize runway capacity, and can be adopted for use in both existing and future runways.

近年來出現許多只透過網路發行，沒有傳統媒體在背後支持，也不屬於任何媒體集團的網路原生新聞網站。本研究旨在分析網路原生新聞網站在不同階段的策略形態，其策略與環境條件如何配合，以及可能會遭遇的困難。 本研究透過個案研究法來進行資料的搜集，以近年來興起的網路原生新聞網站《風傳媒》為例，透過對《風傳媒》總編輯的深度訪談來搜集資料，並且以司徒達賢教授的「策略形態分析法」與「策略矩陣分析法」，來解析《風傳媒》在不同時期的策略形態。 本研究的研究結論如下所示：（一）策略與環境、條件前提的適當配合能創造良好效益：《風傳媒》在成立初期選擇以政治新聞為主要的網站主題，配合即將到來的重大選舉，使《風傳媒》在初期便獲得可觀的流量以及粉絲數；（二）以特色新聞主題切入市場再發展多元內容：《風傳媒》在成立初期以政治新聞與調查報導先建立一定的流量與粉絲之後，再發展多元化的新聞內容，來更廣泛的閱聽眾；（三）《風傳媒》發展過程中遭遇的挑戰：1.有限的資源與人力：重要性相對較低的新聞內容，可以採取較低成本的方式產製；2.必須拿捏好與Facebook之間競爭又合作的關係：從Facebook而來的流量是網路原生新聞網站的重要流量來源，但是Facebook同時也是網路原生新聞網站最大的替代品威脅來源。（四）人力資源是網路原生新聞網站重要的資產：資深記者與編輯的專業、經驗與人脈，會對網路原生新聞網站有很大的貢獻。 / In recent years, some native online news sites, which don’t belong to traditional media or media groups, entered the market. The research focuses on the strategic posture and forms in different stages of native online news site, and how the strategy fits environmental and organizational conditions, and the challenge that native online news sites may have. The research is conducted by case study method and takes the promising native online news site, Storm Media Group as my case study. To collect the information, there was an in-depth interview with the chief editor, and the strategies of Storm Media Group in different periods were analyzed by Dr. Seetoo’s ‘’strategic posture and form analysis method’’ and ‘’strategic matrix analysis method’’. The conclusions are showing below. First, great fits between strategies, environmental and organizational conditions could benefit company very well. Storm Media took politic news and investigation reports as the feature of its site when they entered the market, and this move brought great traffic and fans to Storm Media. Second, it used featured topics to enter market and then diversify the topic of news. Third, the limitation of resources and how to handle the co-optetion with Facebook are the challenges of Storm Media. The news which is less important is produced by low-cost ways. Though Facebook is the important traffic source of native online news sites, Facebook is a great threat of replacement to the site, too. Forth, talented people are important assets to the native online news sites. Experienced journalists and editors can make great contributions to Storm Media.