<p>This thesis concerns the feminist consciousness-raising novel of the 1970s. The aim of the thesis is to examine narrative strategies which, according to the consciousness-raising practice, are adapted to enlighten the political aspects of the personal. The focus is both on strategies that address the protagonist and on those that address the reader. I also examine in which way the use of these strategies is dependent upon ideas of class and gender.</p><p>I find that the narrative situation, in this case the relationship between the protagonist and the narrator, is central to the use of the consciousness-raising narrative strategies. In Anna-Lisa Bäckmans Fia i folkhemmet och Fia med manifestet, the protagonist Fia is positioned as an oppressed working-class woman, which results in a narrative situation that gives the protagonist a limited space of action and that gives the narrator the power to interpret the experiences of the protagonist. In Margareta Sarris Ta dej en slav och Mor ror åran är trasig, the relationship between the protagonist and the narrator is more equal, due to its dialogic form that enables the protagonist Lisa to talk back to the narrator. The consciousness-raising narrative follows a heteronormative development that is characteristic of all novels examined.</p><p>The analysis demonstrates that the narrative situation is important to the plot. Lisa is able to change the course of her life according to the novel’s feminist analysis, which Fia to a lesser degree, is not. The analysis also demonstrates that the narrative position is constructed according to gender as well as to class.</p>

<p>I uppsatsen kommer det fram att människor är mer medvetna om risker och hot än vad de var för 20 år sedan. Detta framkommer genom att artiklarna som analyserats angående mordet på Olof Palme var mer inriktade på hur chockerande det var för Svenska folket och hur oväntat ett dåd av detta slag var. I artiklarna angående Anna Lindh var människor även där chockade över dådet men det chockerande var i stället att det kunde hända en gång till i Sverige. I de artiklarna har koncentrationen mer legat på gärningsmannen och polisens arbete.</p><p>I och med detta kunde vi se att befolkningen i Sverige lever med en större medvetenhet om de risker och hot som finns omkring dem i samhället. Detta stämmer väl med de teorier som uppsatsen tar upp om att det finns risker och hot som en del av vardagen på ett annat sätt än för 20 år sedan.</p>

<p>Anna Maria Lenngren (1754-1817) is known as one of <em>Stockholms Posten’s</em> sharpest satirists. Over the years many literature researchers have based their analysis and interpretations on biographical facts. This means that we miss important parts of her authorship, as she almost exceptionally has been writing role-poems. In a role-poem, the author takes a role as a fictitious narrative subject and/or another poem character. This means that the narrator's, or other subject’s opinion does not have to coincide with the real author’s. At the same time, it is important to be open to the possibility that a text in addition to a narrator, may be under the influence of an implied author. This becomes particularly clear in texts that seem to express an opinion that goes against the narrator's own. In this thesis I will show, that in order to understand Lenngren’s poems it is crucial to be aware of various narrative techniques.</p><p>I have tried to bring some of Lenngren’s poems into dialogue with each other, which is rewarding, since many themes, narrative subjects and characters are recurrent. This, combined with the awareness of diverse narrative techniques, makes it possible to see Lenngren’s works in a new light. I have mainly focused on the poems concerning young women, and those involving female writers. My analysis shows that the young girl’s reality seems to be in a cage – a cage that sometimes protects her from losing her innocence, and sometimes causes the opposite.  By drawing parallels between Lenngren's different poems, we can also imagine her way of thinking when it comes to women’s writing.  In some poems the narrative subject defends women's right to write, while other poems describe the reality that female writers in Lenngren's contemporaries had to face.</p>

This thesis concerns the feminist consciousness-raising novel of the 1970s. The aim of the thesis is to examine narrative strategies which, according to the consciousness-raising practice, are adapted to enlighten the political aspects of the personal. The focus is both on strategies that address the protagonist and on those that address the reader. I also examine in which way the use of these strategies is dependent upon ideas of class and gender. I find that the narrative situation, in this case the relationship between the protagonist and the narrator, is central to the use of the consciousness-raising narrative strategies. In Anna-Lisa Bäckmans Fia i folkhemmet och Fia med manifestet, the protagonist Fia is positioned as an oppressed working-class woman, which results in a narrative situation that gives the protagonist a limited space of action and that gives the narrator the power to interpret the experiences of the protagonist. In Margareta Sarris Ta dej en slav och Mor ror åran är trasig, the relationship between the protagonist and the narrator is more equal, due to its dialogic form that enables the protagonist Lisa to talk back to the narrator. The consciousness-raising narrative follows a heteronormative development that is characteristic of all novels examined. The analysis demonstrates that the narrative situation is important to the plot. Lisa is able to change the course of her life according to the novel’s feminist analysis, which Fia to a lesser degree, is not. The analysis also demonstrates that the narrative position is constructed according to gender as well as to class.

I uppsatsen kommer det fram att människor är mer medvetna om risker och hot än vad de var för 20 år sedan. Detta framkommer genom att artiklarna som analyserats angående mordet på Olof Palme var mer inriktade på hur chockerande det var för Svenska folket och hur oväntat ett dåd av detta slag var. I artiklarna angående Anna Lindh var människor även där chockade över dådet men det chockerande var i stället att det kunde hända en gång till i Sverige. I de artiklarna har koncentrationen mer legat på gärningsmannen och polisens arbete. I och med detta kunde vi se att befolkningen i Sverige lever med en större medvetenhet om de risker och hot som finns omkring dem i samhället. Detta stämmer väl med de teorier som uppsatsen tar upp om att det finns risker och hot som en del av vardagen på ett annat sätt än för 20 år sedan.

Anna Maria Lenngren (1754-1817) is known as one of Stockholms Posten’s sharpest satirists. Over the years many literature researchers have based their analysis and interpretations on biographical facts. This means that we miss important parts of her authorship, as she almost exceptionally has been writing role-poems. In a role-poem, the author takes a role as a fictitious narrative subject and/or another poem character. This means that the narrator's, or other subject’s opinion does not have to coincide with the real author’s. At the same time, it is important to be open to the possibility that a text in addition to a narrator, may be under the influence of an implied author. This becomes particularly clear in texts that seem to express an opinion that goes against the narrator's own. In this thesis I will show, that in order to understand Lenngren’s poems it is crucial to be aware of various narrative techniques. I have tried to bring some of Lenngren’s poems into dialogue with each other, which is rewarding, since many themes, narrative subjects and characters are recurrent. This, combined with the awareness of diverse narrative techniques, makes it possible to see Lenngren’s works in a new light. I have mainly focused on the poems concerning young women, and those involving female writers. My analysis shows that the young girl’s reality seems to be in a cage – a cage that sometimes protects her from losing her innocence, and sometimes causes the opposite.  By drawing parallels between Lenngren's different poems, we can also imagine her way of thinking when it comes to women’s writing.  In some poems the narrative subject defends women's right to write, while other poems describe the reality that female writers in Lenngren's contemporaries had to face.

Med utgångspunkt i teoribegreppen fysionomi och fotogeni analyseras närbilderna av Anna Karinas ansikte i Vivre sa vie (Jean –Luc Godard, 1962). Arbetet inleds med en teoretisk re-dogörelse av begreppens uppkomst, innebörd och användningsområde. Fokus i den här delen är kring Jean Epstein och Béla Balázs texter om begreppen och dess framväxt på 1920-talet. Vivre sa vie är uppdelad i 12 episoder, i 6 av dem förekommer närbilder av ansiktet som ingår i arbetets filmanalys. Syftet är att hitta spår av begreppen i närbilderna, samt av resultatet där-ifrån undersöka tolkningsvarianter av närbildernas narrativ. Genom att ställa begreppen mot varandra och koppla dem till senare teorier inom området, belyses och problematiseras diskursen ytterligare. Filmbilder som plockas ur sitt sammanhang och sätts ihop efter varandra skapar nya narrativa aspekter, detta undersöks i arbetet. Kopplingar görs till dansken Carl.T. Dreyers filmstil i slutet av stumfilmsepoken. Andra äm-nen som behandlas i uppsatsen är identitetsproblematiken i den moderna storstaden och dis-kursen kring bildens moral och konstens aura. Teorier kring filmens narrativ kopplas främst till David Bordwell´s text Narration in the Fic-tion Film. Där han menar att Vivre sa vie handlar om problem med kommunikation på olika sätt. Vidare menar han att filmens handling kan tolkas som att den kretsar kring filmmediet generellt. Resultatet av filmanalysen gav utläsbara spår av fysionomi i ansiktets mimik. Det var besvärligare att visa på närbildernas fotogena innehåller. I filmens ljud och i abstraktionen av ansiktet finns dock kopplingar till fotogenibegreppet.

This dissertation is an analysis of writings and illustrative material by Canadian travel writers Anna Jameson, Mina Hubbard, and Margaret Laurence, that attempts to reconcile the masculinist focus of postcolonial criticism and the charges of cultural imperialism levied against feminist criticism with the role postcolonial and feminist theories play in understanding women's travel narratives. I argue that Jameson's 1838 Winter Studies and Summer Rambles in Canada, Hubbard's 1908 A Woman's Way through Unknown Labrador, and Laurence's 1963 The Prophet's Camel Bell provide maps of the political, cultural, and physical features of the areas through which the women travelled, and of their own social and cultural positions. Their mapping is also done through more graphic media---including Hubbard's cartographic work, Hubbard's and Laurence's photographs, and Jameson's unpublished sketches---which reflect and complicate the written negotiations of gender and imperialism in which the three women engage. / Because my aim is to reconcile theoretical contradictions, I examine in detail books that clearly dramatize colonialist or anti-imperialist approaches and considerations or exemplifications of issues of gender. Not surprisingly, the three writers draw very different maps of those subjects, as a function of their disparate geographical and historical contexts. This study reveals, however, that the maps themselves are drawn with similar tools, which include an anti-racist philosophy and an acute awareness of women's position in their own and the visited societies. Thus Jameson makes philosophical connections between mid-nineteenth-century feminist and anti-racist theoretical approaches; Hubbard provides insights into an early twentieth-century woman traveller's relationship to First Nations men who have both more and less power than she; and Laurence serves as a witness to and astute reporter on oppression of mid-twentieth century women by specific colonial and patriarchal forces.

Originally presented as author's Thesis--Uppsala Universitet, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 384-398).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1980. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 379-411) and index.