Orientador: Celio Kenji Miyasaka / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T18:30:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_CristinaRebolhoda_M.pdf: 775744 bytes, checksum: 2de04d8e059cead4970632a337e372c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O selênio é um elemento traço com importante função antioxidante, por ser um componente da enzima glutationa peroxidase. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional relativo ao selênio de pré-escolares de 4 a 6 anos matriculados em um Centro de Educação Infantil do Município de São Paulo, SP. A população foi estratificada em dois estágios de vida: 2 a 3 anos e 4 a 6 anos. Foram avaliados o consumo alimentar, os dados antropométricos e a concentração de selênio nas unhas das crianças. Para a avaliação do consumo alimentar foi utilizado o método de registro alimentar, com a aplicação da pesagem direta dos alimentos. A determinação do valor energético e de macronutrientes foi obtida pela Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos - TACO do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Alimentação (NEPA) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), além da informação nutricional contida na rotulagem dos produtos industrializados. Os teores de selênio na dieta e nas unhas foram determinados por espectrofotometria de absorção atômica em forno de grafite acoplado (GFAAS). Os resultados encontrados referentes ao consumo de energia, macronutrientes e selênio foram comparados às ingestões dietéticas de referência: Recommended Dietary Allowances do National Research Council (NRC-RDA, 1989) e Dietary Reference Intakes do Institute of Medicine (IOM-DRI, 2000). Para a classificação antropométrica adotou-se como padrão de referência as curvas de crescimento e os pontos de corte para percentis preconizados pelo Center for Disease Control / National Center for Health Statistic (CDC/NCHS-2000) para os índices Peso para Estatura (P/E), Estatura para Idade (E/I) e Índice de Massa Corpórea para a Idade (IMC/I). O consumo alimentar apresentou déficit de energia, alta ingestão de proteínas, adequada contribuição percentual de carboidratos e inadequada contribuição percentual de lipídeos. As médias de ingestão dietética de selênio foram de 18,7 e 29,5 ug/dia para as crianças de 2 a 3 anos e 4 a 6 anos, respectivamente, consideradas adequadas à EAR. As médias dos teores de selênio nas unhas foram 0,50 e 0,48 ug/g para os estágios de vida de 2 a 3 anos e 4 a 6 anos, respectivamente. A análise dos parâmetros antropométricos demonstrou adequado estado nutricional dos pré-escolares / Abstract: Selenium is a trace element with an antioxidant function being one component of glutathione peroxidase. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status by preschool with 4 to 6 years of public nursery school in São Paulo, SP, Brazil. The children were divided by age: 2 to 3 and 4 to 6 years. Evaluation was dietary intake, anthropometry, and selenium levels in children nails. The food intake was evaluated through direct food weighing. The values of food energy and macronutrients were determined by using the Brazilian Table of Food Composition - TACO of the Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Alimentação (NEPA) of the Campinas State University (UNICAMP) and label foodstuff. Selenium content of diet and nails was determined by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The values of food energy, macronutrients and selenium were compared with the Recommended Dietary Allowances - National Research Council (NRC-RDA, 1989) and the Dietary Reference Intakes - Institute of Medicine (IOM-DRI, 2000). The Center for Disease Control / National Center for Health Statistic (CDC/NCHS-2000) growth charts and cutoff points based on percentiles were adopted as reference for the index weight/height, height/age and body mass index/age. The food consumption of energy was below and protein was above recommendation. The percentual contribuition of carbohydrates was adequate to the total energy content on the diet, however it was inadequate for lipids. The average selenium intake found were 18,7 ug/day for children with 2 to 3 and 29,5 ug/day for children with 4 to 6 years, what was according to EAR. The average nail selenium concentration were 0,50 ug/g for children with 2 to 3 and 0,48 ug/g for children with 4 to 6 years / Mestrado / Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos / Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição

Orientador: René Brenzikofer / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T04:41:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pascoa_MauroAlexandre_M.pdf: 1136842 bytes, checksum: 894e90aaf15f7eae8c49fb98dbecc789 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A escolha do protocolo para avaliação da composição corporal deve envolver praticidade e baixo custo operacional, principalmente quando aplicado em um grande número de indivíduos. Nesse contexto, a proposição mais recente de utilização do somatório de dobras em valores absolutos (mm) para avaliar a adiposidade corporal sem a transformação em G% parece muito interessante. Já existem valores de referência para atletas e campeões olímpicos para esses somatórios, mas não para uma população jovem treinada ou não. Um dos objetivos da presente dissertação foi utilizar um número expressivo de sujeitos para caracterizar nove dobras cutâneas em relação a elas mesmas, e sua aplicação em 10 modelos de predição de gordura corporal propostos na literatura. O principal objetivo foi determinar valores de referência (percentis 10, 50 e 90) para os somatórios de 9 (S9D), 7 (S7D) e 6 dobras cutâneas (S6D); e somatório de dobras separado em três segmentos corporais: membro superior (SMSup), tronco (STronco) e membro inferior (SMInf) para uma população jovem do sexo masculino fisicamente ativa, e para uma população jovem do sexo masculino treinada. A população de referência foi composta por 507 sujeitos (18,6 0,7 anos; massa 69,0 ± 8,0 kg e altura 1,77 ± 0,06 m), representativa de todos os estados do País. Os alunos ingressam por processo seletivo sem histórico de treinamento sistematizado, e passam um ano em internato na Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército (ExPCEx) onde, além dos estudos recebem treinamento periodizado (2h/dia/5dias/semana). A medida das dobras (triplicata) foi realizada em três momentos do ano: na chegada (grupo fisicamente ativo) e após 4 e 8 meses de treinamento periodizado padrão do exército (grupo treinado). Nossos resultados mostraram que a confiabilidade do modelo predizer o G% depende do emprego de dobras representativas de todos os segmentos corporais. Mostraram também que o somatório de dobras é uma alternativa eficaz para acompanhar a evolução da massa gorda em resposta ao treinamento. Apresentamos nessa dissertação os valores de referência (percentil 10 e 90 em mm com os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 90% dos limites inferiores e superiores) do S6D para uma população jovem do sexo masculino, fisicamente ativa (45,59 ¿ 98,79) e treinada (48,01 ¿ 86,68), e o somatório separado por segmentos. A comparação de dados individuais com esses valores de referência possibilitará maior atenção quando forem observados valores fora do intervalo, pois são indicativas de respostas reais na adiposidade e devem ter sua causa justificada / Abstract: The choice of protocols for body composition assessment should involve practicality and low operating costs, especially when applied to a large number of individuals. The latest proposition of using the sum of skinfolds in absolute values (mm) is an alternative to accurately assess body adiposity without the transformation in %Fat. There are reference values for athletes and Olympic champions to these sums, but not for a physically active young population. Our initial goal was to use a robust number of subjects to characterize nine skinfolds in relation to themselves and their application at 10 prediction models. The main objective was to determine reference values (percentiles 10 and 90) for the sums of 9 (S9S), 7 (S7S) and 6 skinfolds (S6S); and reference values to separate skinfold sum in three body segments: upper limb (SUp), trunk (ST) and leg (SL) from a young population of physically active male without systematic training, and a young population of trained men. The reference population consisted of 507 subjects (18.6 ± 0.7 years, weight 69.0 ± 8.0 kg and height 1.77 ± 0.06 m). At the beginning the students had no history of systematic training, and lived a year at Preparatory School of the Army Cadets where, in addition to the studies receive periodized training (2 h/day; 5 days/week). We performed the body composition assessment in three moments of the year: on arrival (physically active group) and after 4 and 8 months of army standard periodized training (trained group). Our results showed that the reliability of %Fat prediction models depends on the use of skinfolds representative of all body segments, and that the skinfold measurement is an effective alternative to monitor changes in fat mass due to training or other interventions. We presented the reference values (10th percentile and 90th percentile with the respective confidence intervals of the lower and upper limits) for the sums of 6 skinfolds of a young population of physically active male untrained (45.59 ¿ 98.79 mm) and trained (48.01 ¿ 86.68 mm). The comparison of individual data with these reference values allow more attention when systematic changes were observed in these values because they are indicative of actual adjustments in adiposity / Mestrado / Biodinamica do Movimento e Esporte / Mestre em Educação Física

Este trabalho apresenta o estudo realizado no aprimoramento de um método de estimação de gordura corpórea por meio de um Scanner antropométrico ALLBODYSCAN 3D® (São Carlos, SP, 2012) que constrói imagens 3D do corpo humano. Procedimentos computacionais de análise de modelo corporal gerado pelo scanner, têm sido desenvolvidos na USP. Este estudo considerou medições em voluntários de vários grupos de interesse, de forma que a estimação de gordura pudesse ter abrangência satisfatória e com poucos fatores de erro, aprimorando a técnica. A pesquisa envolveu aspectos de gênero, etnia e idade de cada um dos voluntários. Os resultados foram comparados com estimações obtidas por Bioimpedância e por Adipometria e apresentaram alta correlação. O Scanner antropométrico apresentou suas medições com certas vantagens, comparado a outras técnicas, principalmente em relação à simplificação de procedimentos com o paciente para se obter medições confiáveis. / The present paper shows the research done in the improvement of a method to estimate the body fat mass using an anthropometric Scanner AllBodyScan3D® (São Carlos, SP, 2012) that builds up 3D images from the human body. Computational procedures for body composition analysis have been developed at USP. The present study has considered measurements in different groups of volunteers, in a way that it can lead to satisfactory coverage, with relatively low error, improving the approach. The research has considered gender, ethnics and age of each volunteer. The results were compared to estimations from Bioimpedance and Adipometry and they presented high correlation. The anthropometric Scanner has shown some advantages in comparison to other techniques, mainly due to its simplified procedures imposed on patients for obtaining reliable measures.

OBJECTIVE: The key objective of the present investigation was to compare associations between sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), waist circumference, and BMI to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), along with fasting glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR, in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. The study also analyzed the effect of multiple covariates on the anthropometric and glucose metabolism associations. METHODS: A cross-sectional design, including 3,582 subjects, was used. SAD was assessed using an abdominal caliper. All other data were collected following strict NHANES protocol. The OGTT was the primary variable used to index glucose metabolism. Fasting glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR were also evaluated. RESULTS: Mean ± SE values were as follows: SAD: 22.3 ± 0.1 cm; waist circumference: 98.0 ± 0.4 cm; BMI: 28.6 ± 0.2 kg/m2; OGTT: 113.9 ± 1.0 mg/dL; fasting glucose: 99.6 ± 0.3 mg/dL; HbA1c: 5.4 ± 0.01%; HOMA-IR: 3.2 ± 0.1. SAD consistently emerged as the best predictor of all the indices of glucose metabolism, before and after adjusting for the covariates, and with the sample stratified by gender, race, or age. SAD was not a better predictor of OGTT among normal weight adults and non-Hispanic black adults. CONCLUSION: Obesity, especially abdominal obesity, is strongly related to glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes. In the present study, SAD was the best anthropometric predictor of glucose metabolism, notwithstanding the high correlations among SAD, waist circumference, and BMI. Due to the ease of taking a SAD measurement, we recommend that healthcare providers consider the use of this simple and inexpensive method to more precisely predict diabetes risk, especially among overweight and obese adults.

Abstract Background The shape of the human body was, is and will be a major point of interest in healthcare: Researchers studied the different types of bodies for years, addressing a variety of different questions, but mostly focusing on classic anthropometric parameters like weight, height and index parameters (e.g. body mass index, waist to hip ratio and waist to height ratio). In the following, this view will be extended by utilizing 3D-body scanner data towards a holistic description of the previously defined body types of Leipzig population and with regard to their relation to activity parameters, physiological parameters, and predisposition to selected diseases. Data and methods The LIFE study is a population based cohort study with 10,000 participants (4,766 male and 5,234 female) recruited from the city of Leipzig covering a main age range from 40 to 80 years. The study has been designed to investigate civilization diseases, their risk factors, and potential early onset-markers. In the frame of this study, anthropometry was performed using a 3D-body scanner, and activity data was measured in a smaller subcohort of 2,429 participants using a BodySense Armlet. Anthropometric data were previously utilized to define so-called body types, which collect participants with similar body shapes. Results We figured out that most body types are gender-specific, however two body types lack gender-specifics. Moreover, anthropometric and activity parameters show gender-specific differences and change specifically upon ageing: In general, participants are getting smaller, are gaining weight while aging and are losing weight in higher age again. The index parameters are stagnating with growing age, because incremental changes are getting smaller. Also, the participants are less active with increasing age. For physical activity, we were able to confirm a relation between circumference body measures and activity parameters. In the study anthropometric and activity parameters are evaluated in terms of body type specificity: They reveal similar changes upon ageing as observed in the age strata, but some markedly deviate from these expected developments. We also found health risk body types with potential health issues. Furthermore, we have found that BMI levels are virtually constant in the body types upon ageing, while the activity parameters are steadily decreasing. The prevalence of a number of relevant diseases like hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, arthrosis and diabetes, but not depression and rheumatism, showed clear associations to the parameters age, BMI, and MET. In general, the risk body types revealed highest prevalence among the body types, partly on gender-specifically differing overall prevalence levels. Paradoxically, obese and ‘inactive’ body types do not show increased prevalence of myocardial infarctions for men and, especially, for women. Summary and conclusion This study has presented a comprehensive and detailed characterization of the anthropometric body types of Leipzig population in the context of ageing, physical activity, and prevalence of major diseases. Understanding body type-associated risk profiles opens new options in diagnostics and therapy. In this sense, anthropometric body typing represents another step towards individualized medicine.:Table of content 1 Introduction 1 2 Background 3 2.1 Anthropometry 3 2.1.1 Classic measures 3 2.1.2 Physiological indices 4 2.1.3 Usage of 3D-body scanners in medical applications 5 2.2 Physiological parameters 5 2.2.1 Measurement of physical activity 6 2.2.2 Blood pressure 7 3 Data and Methods 8 3.1 LIFE – the Leipzig population study 8 3.2 Anthropometry using 3D-body scanning 9 3.3 Definition of meta-measures and body types 9 3.4 Methods for measuring the physical activity 10 3.4.1 Body SenseWear Pro Armband 10 3.4.2 IPAQ 11 3.4.3 Comparison of IPAQ and SWA 11 3.5 Units 12 4 General characterization of the study population 13 4.1 Anthropometric parameters vary upon aging 13 4.2 Activity level decreases with age 17 4.3 Body measures associated with activity parameters 20 5 Description of the body types 22 5.3 Physical activity parameters of the body types 26 5.4 Age related development of the body types 29 5.5 Body types of the oldest participants 33 5.6 Distribution widths 34 6 Body types and their prevalence of selected diseases 37 6.1 BMI and MET as risk factors 37 6.2 Hypertension 39 6.4 Hyperlipidaemia 43 6.5 Myocardial infarction 44 6.6 Angina pectoris 46 6.7 Arthrosis 48 6.8 Diabetes 49 6.9 Depression 51 6.10 Rheumatism 53 6.11 Disease prevalence and their relation to the body types 55 7 A holistic review of the body types in the LIFE study population 58 7.1 General aspects 58 7.2 Gender-unspecific body types B1 and B2 58 7.3 Female body types 59 7.4 Male body types 63 8 Summary and Conclusion 66 References 68 Appendix A Regression analysis of body measures towards MET. 77 Appendix B The ageing human body shape 79 Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit 114 Danksagung 115 Lebenslauf

This thesis focuses on the relationship between body image and somatotypes in the young Czech student population. Previous studies have shown a relationship between body image and BMI, notwithstanding, somatotypes describe body morphology in a more detailed way. Somatotypes describe the amount of body fat (endomorphy), the amount of muscle mass and the robustness of bones (mesomorphy), and the length of arms and legs relative to the rest of the body (ectomorphy). Seventy-one women and seventy men participated in our study. They completed a battery of questionnaires (The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire; The Body Figure Scale of Dosedlová et al., 2008; Rosengerg's self-esteem scale; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - T; and Beck's Depression Inventory - II). Then they underwent an anthropometric measure of somatotype components (endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy) according to Carter and Heath's anthropometric method and were assigned to a certain somatotype. In our sample, there were 5 somatotypes in men (endomorph, mesomorph, ectomorphic mesomorph, mesomorph-ectomorph and ectomorph) and 6 somatotypes in women (endomorph, endomorph- mesomoroph, mesomorph, mesomorph-ectomorph, ectomorph and the central type). The questionnaires' scores were then statistically compared between...

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (M Dietetics)--University of Pretoria, 1999. / Human Nutrition / unrestricted

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to describe a sample of insulin-dependent diabetic youth in terms of selected anthropometric measurements, level of metabolic control and dietary intake. The 22 subjects (10 males and 12 females) were between the ages of seven to 16 years and, except for one female, regularly attended a multidisciplinary outpatient diabetes clinic. The study involved cross-sectional observation of height, weight, triceps and subscapular skinfold measurements, mid-arm muscle circumference and weight:height ratios, and comparison of these measurements to national norms derived from non-diabetic controls. Levels of metabolic control were observed using glycosylated hemoglobin values, and examined for effect on anthropometric parameters. It was found that the group generally fell within normal distribution patterns for all growth parameters when compared to control data. Level of metabolic control, duration of diabetes and age at onset of disease had no significant effect on the anthropometric parameters studied. Duration of diabetes had no effect on level of metabolic control. The study group consumed most nutrients in amounts consistent with the 1980 Recommended Dietary Allowances, with the exception of vitamin B6 , folacin, iron and zinc. Consumption of total fat, saturated fat and cholesterol were in excess of the current recommendations for diet in diabetes, and proportion of total energy from carbohydrate tended to be lower than recommended. Mean intakes of vitamins A, C, B 6 and s12 , thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, phosphorous, iron, magnesium and protein appeared to be higher than mean intakes of the same nutrients reported from the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (1977-78) and the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1976-80) for corresponding age groups. It was suggested that since young diabetic individuals usually have close supervision of their dietary intake, their intakes are somewhat superior nutritionally than those of non-diabetic individuals. The study sample reported use of a number of special dietetic foods other than dietetic soda and sucrose-substitutes. Foods used for treatment of hypoglycemic reactions included candy, fruit and juices, regular pop, frosting and special glucose preparations designed specifically for use with insulin-dependent diabetes.

This study analyzed the changes in performance and anthropometric characteristics in collegiate male club rugby athletes following an unsupervised 4-week winter academic break. Fourteen athletes completed this study utilizing a within-subjects model. All measures were collected prior to, and after the winter academic break. Prior to testing each subject was acclimated to the protocols to reduce associated learning effects. Performance measures included V02max, vertical jump, 1 0-yard sprint, squat max, and bench press max and body composition was assessed by measuring body weight and hydrostatic weighing. During the Break no structured workouts were provided for athletes and participants were required to complete a self-report on activity and nutritional habits during this unsupervised period. Surprisingly, post-break performance measurements did not decrease. In fact, some measures showed improvement. There were increases in V02max (4.95%), squat max (14.33%), and vertical jump (6.75%). Anthropometric characteristics showed significant increases in body fat percentage (increase of 19.33%) as well as total body weight (1.01 %). Self report data collected over the break indicate > 3 days of moderate to intense physical activity per week but subjects rated dietary habits on the lower end of the subjective scale. These results indicate that athletes may not need prescribed exercise routines during academic semester periods as self-reports indicated adequate levels of activity to prevent detraining effects. Furthermore, it may be more beneficial to provide structured nutritional advice during unsupervised phases.