• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 51
  • 18
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 111
  • 111
  • 47
  • 45
  • 20
  • 13
  • 12
  • 11
  • 11
  • 11
  • 10
  • 10
  • 10
  • 10
  • 10
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Estabelecimento de protocolo para controlar a manifestação de bactérias endofíticas no processo de multiplicação in vitro de eucalipto / Protocol establishment to control the manifestation of endophytic bacteria in the process of Eucalyptus in vitro multiplication

Gabriela Ferraz Leone 27 August 2013 (has links)
A presença de bactérias no cultivo in vitro de plantas é normalmente relacionada à contaminação, acarretando o descarte de microplantas de alto valor comercial. No entanto, essa presença pode ser caracterizada como \"manifestações\", decorrentes de possíveis estresses físicos ou nutricionais, da microbiota endofítica, que coloniza ativamente os tecidos vegetais, e que não necessariamente, afeta o desenvolvimento da planta. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi controlar a manifestação bacteriana, preservando as microcepas de Eucalyptus cloeziana em desenvolvimento in vitro, adicionando-se ao meio de cultura, os antibióticos gentamicina, ciprofloxacina, rifampicina, timentin (isolados ou combinados entre si) e o biocida clorometil-isotiazolinona + metil-isotiazolinona. O monitoramento do trabalho foi realizado por meio de avaliações semanais, visando verificar possíveis influências dos agentes antimicrobianos na morfofisiologia do vegetal e a eficiência no controle das manifestações bacterianas. Para tanto, foram avaliados parâmetros referentes ao incremento de massa seca, número de brotações, teor de acúmulo de nutrientes, análises histológicas e histoquímicas das microcepas. Para verificar possíveis flutuações das comunidades bacterianas endofíticas nas microcepas, utilizou-se a técnica de DGGE. Todas as análises foram realizadas aos 15 e 30 dias após a adição dos agentes antimicrobianos no meio de cultura, exceto a avaliação nutricional que foi feita apenas no final do experimento (30 dias). Os resultados obtidos permitiram inferir que ao longo dos 30 dias de cultivo, o antibiótico gentamicina, ocasionou queda no desenvolvimento das microcepas e não foi eficiente no controle das manifestações bacterianas. Os antibióticos rifampicina e ciprofloxacina apesar de não serem efetivos no controle da manifestação bacteriana, não afetaram o desenvolvimento das microcepas. Conclui-se que, o biocida clorometil-isotiazolinona + metil-isotiazolinona efetivamente controlou as manifestações bacterianas, sem alterar a morfofisiologia das microcepas, bem como o timentin, que além de controlar as manifestações, proporcionou maior vigor das microcepas em função da melhor assimilação dos nutrientes. / The in vitro bacterial presence in plant cultivation, usually is related to contamination, resulting in the elimination of the microplants with high commercial value. However, this presence can be characterized as \"manifestations\" arising from possible physical or nutritional stresses, from microbial endophytic that actively colonize plant tissues, and do not necessarily affect plant development. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to control the bacterial manifestation, preserving in vitro developing of Eucalyptus cloeziana microstumps, by adding to the culture medium, the antibiotics gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, timentin (alone or combined) and biocide + chloromethyl isothiazolinone methyl-isothiazolinone. The monitoring work was conducted through weekly evaluations, to verify the possible influence of antimicrobial agents in the plant morphophysiology and the efficient control of bacterial manifestations. Therefore, were evaluated parameters related to the increase in dry weight, number of buds, content of nutrient accumulation, histological and histochemical the microstumps. DGGE technique was used to check possible fluctuations of endophytic bacterial communities in microstumps. All analyzes were performed at 15 and 30 days after the addition of antimicrobial agents in the culture medium, except for the nutritional assessment that was made only at the end of the experiment (30 days). The results allow to infer that over the 30 days of culture, the antibiotic gentamicin, resulted in the microstumps development decrease and was not effective in controlling bacterial manifestations. The antibiotics rifampicin and ciprofloxacin although were not effective in controlling the bacterial manifestation, affected the development of microstumps. It was concluded that the biocide chloromethyl-methyl-Isothiazolinone + Isothiazolinone effectively controlled the bacterial manifestations without modifying the morphophysiology of the microstumps, well as the timentin, which besides controlling the manifestations, provided greater vigor of microstumps due to better assimilation of nutrients.
42

Antimicrobial activity of plants from Brazilian Cerrado against Streptococcus mutans / Atividade antimicrobiana de extratos de plantas do cerrado brasileiro contra Streptococcus mutans

Berto, Luciana Aranha, 1985- 24 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Pedro Luiz Rosalen, Francisco Carlos Groppo / Texto em português e inglês / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T17:13:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Berto_LucianaAranha_D.pdf: 2510809 bytes, checksum: 95557f04245ce04cb76a352459b80504 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Apesar do constante desenvolvimento do conhecimento, prevenção e tratamento da cárie dental, esta doença continua tendo alta prevalência no Brasil e no mundo. Por este motivo, tem crescido o interesse por novos agentes farmacológicos que possam auxiliar no controle do biofilme dental, atuando contra o principal microrganismo associado ao desenvolvimento da cárie, o Streptococcus mutans. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato de quatro plantas do cerrado brasileiro (e suas frações) contra S. mutans UA159. Extratos hidroalcoólicos de Lantana camara (Lc), Copaifera langsdorffii (Cl), Psidium guajava (Pg) e Cochlospermum regium (Cr), foram submetidos a testes de avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana para determinação das concentrações inibitória (CIM) e bactericida (CBM) mínima, inibição da aderência e queda de pH em solução. O extrato bruto das quatro plantas apresentaram potencial antimicrobiano e foram fracionados por gradiente de polaridade, sendo obtidas, para cada extrato, as frações hexânica (FHx), clorofórmica (FCh), acetato de etila (FAc) e aquosa (FAq). Estas foram submetidas aos experimentos já citados para determinação da(s) fração(ões) ativa(s) de cada extrato, selecionadas com base nos resultados dos testes de atividade antimicrobiana e no rendimento. Foram selecionadas, para a etapa subsequente de avaliação em biofilme, 6 frações ativas: Lc-FHx e Lc-FCl, ambas com CIM = 15,6 µg/ml, e rendimento 9,5 e 17,5%, respectivamente; Cl-FHx, que apresentou CIM = 15,6 µg/ml, atividade inibitória sobre a queda de pH em solução e rendimento igual a 21%; Pg-FHx, com CIM = 125 µg/ml, 93,4% de inibição da aderência na concentração de 62,5 µg/ml e rendimento igual a 2,0%; Cr-FHx, com CIM = 125 µg/ml, apresentou atividade inibitória sobre queda de pH do meio e rendimento igual a 1,0% e Cr-FAq, que obteve CIM elevado, entretanto, inibiu 86,7% de aderência bacteriana, na concentração de 62,5 µg/ml, sendo o rendimento desta fração 32%. As frações selecionadas foram submetidas a avaliações complementares, como: viabilidade bacteriana (time kill), inibição de formação e queda de pH em biofilme de S. mutans, utilizando discos de hidroxiapatita. Nos testes em biofilme, destacaram-se três frações: Lc-FHx, que em concentração 20xCIM, proporcionou redução na viabilidade do microrganismo e diminuição da formação do biofilme tratado diariamente por 5 dias; Lc-FCh, que em concentração equivalente a 20xCIM, reduziu a formação de biofilme e Cl-FHx, que além de reduzir a formação de biofilme na concentração de 20xCIM, interferiu na viabilidade do microrganismo, nas duas concentrações testadas (10xCIM e 20xCIM). A composição química das frações ativas em biofilme foi analisada por CG-EM. As demais frações testadas nesta etapa não diferiram do controle negativo (veículo) nos testes aplicados. Nenhuma das frações avaliadas afetou a redução de pH do meio pelo biofilme. Em conclusão, as frações com polaridades baixa ou intermediária das espécies Lantana camara e Copaifera langsdorffii mostraram ter potencial para gerar novos compostos anti-cárie de origem natural, tendo apresentado atividade antimicrobiana sobre o biofilme formado por S. mutans / Abstract: Despite the continuous development of knowledge, prevention and treatment of dental caries, the disease continues to have a high prevalence in Brazil and worldwide. For this reason, there is been a strong interest for new pharmacological agents that can assist biofilm control, acting against the main microorganism associated with the development of caries, Streptococcus mutans. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extract of four plants from Brazilian cerrado (and its fractions) against S. mutans UA159. Hydroalcoholic extracts of Lantana camara (Lc), Copaifera langsdorffii (Cl), Psidium guajava (Pg) and Cochlospermum regium (Cr) were evaluated by means of antimicrobial tests for the determination of minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations, inhibition of adhesion and pH-drop of S. mutans. The crude extract of four plants showed antimicrobial potential and were fractionated by polarity gradient, and 4 fractions were obtained for each extract: hexane (FHx), chloroform (FCh), ethyl acetate (FAc) and aqueous (FAq) fractions. These fractions were subjected to previously mentioned tests to determine the active fraction(s) of each extract. For the subsequent evaluation step in biofilm, 6 active fractions were selected: Lc-FHx and Lc- FCl, both with MIC = 15.6 µg/ml, and yield of 9.5% and 17.5%, respectively; Cl-FHx, which showed MIC = 15.6 µg/ml, an inhibitory activity on the pH drop in solution and yield of 21%; Pg-FHx with MIC = 125 µg/ml, 93.4% of inhibition of adhesion in the concentration of 62.5 µg/ml and yield of 2.0%; Cr-FHx, with MIC = 125 µg/ml, an inhibitory activity against pH drop and a yield of 1.0% and Cr- Aq, which showed a high MIC value, however, it inhibited 86.7% of bacterial adhesion at a concentration of 62.5 µg/ml, and had a yield of 32%. The selected fractions were subjected to additional tests as bacterial viability (time-kill), inhibition of formation and pH drop in biofilms of S. mutans, using hydroxyapatite disks. Three active fractions stood out in tests on biofilm: Lc-FHx which decreased the viability of the microorganism and biofilm formation in the concentration of 20xMIC, Lc- FCx, which reduced biofilm formation in the 20xMIC concentration, and Cl ¿ FHx, which reduced biofilm formation in the 20xMIC concentration and interfered with the viability of the microorganism at the two tested concentrations (10xMIC and 20xMIC). The chemical composition of active fractions was analyzed by GC-MS. The other fractions tested in biofilm did not differ from the negative control (vehicle). None of the evaluated fractions affected the pH drop by biofilm. In conclusion, Lantana camara and Copaifera langsdorffii fractions with low or intermediate polarities showed potential to generate new naturally occurring anticarie compounds and presented antimicrobial activity against biofilms formed by S. mutans / Doutorado / Farmacologia, Anestesiologia e Terapeutica / Doutora em Odontologia
43

In-silico optimization and molecular validation of putative anti-HIV antimicrobial peptides for therapeutic purpose

Tincho, Marius Belmondo January 2016 (has links)
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / AIDS is considered a pandemic causing millions of deaths worldwide and a cure for this disease is still not available. Failure to implement early treatments due to the poor diagnostic methods and ineffective therapeutic regimens to treat HIV patients to achieve complete viral eradication from the human body has encouraged the escalation of this disease at an exponential rate. Though the current treatment regimens (High Active Antiretroviral Therapy) have aided in increasing the lifespan of HIV patients, it still suffers from some shortcomings such as adverse side effects and non-eradication of the virus. Thus, there is a need for a non-toxic therapeutic regimen to stop further infection of HIV-infected patients. Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) are naturally occurring peptides which are components of the first line of defence of many organisms against infections and have been proven to be promising therapeutic agents against HIV. The use of AMPs as anti-microbial agents is due to the fact that most AMPs have a net positive charge and are mostly hydrophobic molecules. These features allow AMPs to be site directed electro-statistically to the mostly negatively charged pathogens. In a previous study, a number of novel anti-HIV AMPs was identified using a predictive algorithm Profile Hidden Markov Models (HMMER). The AMP's threedimensional structures were predicted using an in-silico modelling tool I-TASSER and an insilico protein-peptide interaction study of the AMPs to HIV protein gp120 was performed using PatchDock. Five AMPs were identified to bind gp120, at the site where gp120 interacts with CD4 to prevent HIV invasion and HIV replication. Therefore, the aims of this research were to perform in-silico site-directed mutation on the parental anti-HIV AMPs to increase their binding affinity to the gp120 protein, validate the anti-HIV activity of these peptides and confirm the exclusivity of this activity by testing possible anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activities of the AMPs. Firstly, the five parental anti-HIV AMPs were used to generate mutated AMPs through insilico site-directed mutagenesis. The AMPs 3-D structures were determined using I-TASSER and the modelled AMPs were docked against the HIV protein gp120 using PatchDock. Secondly, an "in house" Lateral Flow Device (LFD) tool developed by our industrial partner, Medical Diagnostech (Pty) Ltd, was utilised to confirm the in-silico docking results. Furthermore, the ability of these AMPs to inhibit HIV-1 replication was demonstrated and additional biological activities of the peptides were shown on bacteria and cancer cell lines. In an effort to identify AMPs with increased binding affinity, the in-silico results showed that two mutated AMPs Molecule 1.1 and Molecule 8.1 bind gp120 with high affinity, at the point where gp120 bind with CD4. The molecular binding however showed that only Molecule 3 and Molecule 7 could prevent the interaction of gp120 protein and CD4 surface protein of human cells, in a competitive binding assay. Additionally, the testing of the anti-HIV activity of the AMPs showed that Molecule 7, Molecule 8 and Molecule 8.1 could inhibit HIV-1 NL4-3 with maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) values of 37.5 μg/ml and 93.75 μg/ml respectively. The EC₅₀ of Molecule 8.1 was determined to be around 12.5 μg/ml. This result looks promising since 150 μg/ml of the AMPs could not achieve 80% toxicity of the human T cells, thus high Therapeutics Index (TI) might be obtained if 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC₅₀) is established. Further biological activity demonstrates that Molecule 3 and Molecule 7 inhibited P. aeruginosa completely after 24 hours treatment with peptide concentrations ranging from 0.5 mg/ml to 0.03125 mg/ml. Nevertheless, moderate inhibition was observed when CHO, HeLa, MCF-7 and HT-29 were treated with these peptides at peptides concentration of 100 μg/ml. The ability of these AMPs to block the entrance of HIV via the binding to CD4 of the host cells is a good concept since they pave the way for the design of anti-HIV peptide-based drugs Entry Inhibitors (FIs) or can be exploited in the production microbicide gels/films to suppress the propagation of the virus. / DST-NIC/Mintek
44

Aplicação de fungos de manguezais na obtenção de nanopartículas de prata com ação antimicrobiana. / Application of fungi isolated from mangroves in obtaining silver nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity.

Alexandre Gomes Rodrigues 05 February 2014 (has links)
Infecções hospitalares são um problema de saúde pública. Quatorze linhagens de fungos isolados de mangue foram avaliadas quanto ao potencial de síntese de nanopartículas de prata (NP Ag) por método biológico com atividade antimicrobiana, sendo dois fungos selecionados. A caracterização físico-química das NP foi realizada por espectrofotometria, microscopia eletrônica e espectroscopia de correlação de fótons. A banda de plasmon evidenciou a formação de NP entre 10-30 nm. A ação antimicrobiana foi avaliada em espécies de Candida e bactérias. As NP foram mais efetivas nas espécies de C. guilhermondi, C. parapsilosis, P. aeruginosa e S. aureus com concentrações inibitórias variando de 0,015 a 0,132 µg/mL. A ação antifúngica de tecidos impregnados com NP Ag foi testada em C. albicans, C. glabrata e C. parapsilosis com inibição do crescimento na faixa de 68,41 97,91 %. Em E. coli e S. aureus a inibição do crescimento foi de 100% na concentração de 2,2 µg/mL. Os fungos foram identificados como Bionectra ochroleuca e Aspergillus tubingensis, respectivamente. / Hospital infections are a public health problem. Fourteen strains of fungi isolated from the mangrove were evaluated regarded to their capacity to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag NP) by a biological method with antimicrobial activity and two fungi were selected. The physicochemical characterization was performed by spectrophotometry, electron microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. The plasmon band evidenced the formation of NP from 10-30 nm. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Candida species and bacteria. The NP were more effective against the C. guilhermondi, C. parapsilosis, P. aeruginosa e S. aureus especies with inhibitory concentrations from 0.015 to 0.132 µg/mL (1.3 a 12 µM). The antifungal activity of the fabrics impregnated with Ag NP was tested against C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis, presenting inhibition from 68.41 97.91 %. Against E. coli and S. aureus the growth inhibition was of 100% in the concentration of 2.2 µg/mL. The fungi were identified as Bionectra ochroleuca and Aspergillus tubingensis, respectively.
45

Propriedade antibacteriana da própolis verde sobre bactérias contaminantes da fermentação etanólica / Bacterial properties of green propolis bacteria contaminants on the ethanol fermentation

Ellen Karine Diniz Viégas 25 July 2011 (has links)
Os processos industriais de produção de álcool existentes no Brasil reutilizam o fermento em ciclos fermentativos consecutivos. Paralelamente, o excedente produzido pela multiplicação das células de levedura durante esse processo é seco e comercializado, principalmente no mercado externo, como ingrediente para ração animal. As práticas usualmente utilizadas nas indústrias para reduzir a contaminação bacteriana são o tratamento ácido do creme de levedura e a aplicação de antibióticos. Porém, desde que foram detectados altos níveis de resíduos de antibióticos na levedura destinada à ração animal, seu uso tem sido condenado pela comunidade internacional. Desde então as indústrias brasileiras têm buscado alternativas aos antibióticos para o controle da contaminação bacteriana. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato da própolis sobre as bactérias do gênero Lactobacillus fermentum e Bacillus subtillis, que são alguns dos contaminantes da fermentação alcoólica. O maior pico de produção de compostos fenólicos totais foi com uso de etanol 76% como solvente, à 58°C por 50 minutos, apresentando 68,95 mg de CFT/g de própolis e um halo de inibição de 6 e 5mm para Bacillus e Lactobacillus, respectivamente. As faixas das variáveis que maximizaram o teor alcoólico foi o processo fermentativo conduzido a 32°C, com 41 g de células de leveduras/L, em um meio contento 18,5°Brix. Apesar do antimicrobiano comercial ter apresentado maior eficiência na redução da contaminação (94,46% e 97,40% para Lactobacillus e Bacillus, respectivamente), o extrato de própolis tem potencial para ser utilizado no controle dos contaminantes bacterianos presentes nas fermentações etanólicas, sendo responsável por redução de 54,24% e 67,02% para Lactobacillus e Bacillus, respectivamente. / The industrial processes of ethanol production in Brazil reuse yeast fermentation in consecutive cycles. In parallel, the surplus produced by the multiplication of yeast cells during this process is dried and sold, mainly in foreign markets as an ingredient for animal feed. The practices commonly used in industry to reduce bacterial contamination are the acid treatment of the yeast cream and the application of antibiotics. However, since they were detected high levels of antibiotic residues in yeast destined for animal feed, its use has been condemned by the international community. Since then Brazilian industries have sought alternatives to antibiotics to control bacterial contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the extract of propolis on bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus and Bacillus, which are some of the contaminants of fermentation. The highest peak production of phenolic compounds was using 76% ethanol as solvent at 58°C for 50 minutes, with 68,95 mg of CFT/g of propolis and a halo of inhibition of 6 and 5mm for Bacillus and Lactobacillus, respectively. The ranges of variables that maximized the alcoholic fermentation was conducted at 32°C with 41g of yeast cells/L in media containing a 18,5°Brix. Despite having larger commercial antimicrobial effectiveness in reducing contamination (94,46% and 97,40% for Lactobacillus and Bacillus, respectively), the extract of propolis has potential to be used in the control of bacterial contaminants present in the ethanolic fermentation, and responsible for reduction of 54,24% and 67,02% for Lactobacillus and Bacillus, respectively.
46

Vliv antimikrobiálních látek na trvanlivost raw potravin / Effect of antimicrobial substances on "raw food" durability

Horká, Daniela January 2018 (has links)
Submitted diploma thesis deals with an effect of antimicrobial substances on raw food durability. Nowadays, the raw food has become very required style of nutrition, which is being practised by more and more people. The issue is that this kind of alimentation, especially vegetable raw food is not prepared in heat treatment which is higher than 42–45 °C. The main aim of the thesis is to study antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the herbal and spice extracts and their following implementation into raw desserts to prolong their durability. At the beginning of the theoretical part, there is an analysis of the issue of raw food and the description of micro-organisms, which are mostly occurred on plant materials. Afterwards, selected herbs and spices, and mechanisms of their antimicrobial effects, and also the methods used to test the products are characterised. The experimental part focuses on characterization of ethanol extracts from 13 selected kinds of spices and herbs. The determination of biologically active substance was accomplished, specifically, polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins and their antioxidant properties. Moreover, these extracts were tested to antimicrobial effect towards gram-positive species of germs Micrococcus luteus, gram-negative species of germs Escherichia coli and yeast Candida glabrata. The molecular part of the thesis contains the DNA isolation from the tested raw material, which was enriched of combination of the selected herbs and spices. Change of expiry date of selected samples of raw desserts was monitored. The presence of chosen micro-organisms was confirmed by the PCR method.
47

Novel antimicrobial films based on ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers for food packaging application

Muriel Galet, Virginia 16 January 2016 (has links)
Tesis por compendio / This PhD dissertation thesis has been focus on the development and characterization of antimicrobial packaging films based on the incorporation in the polymer matrix or on the attachment to the film surface of naturally occurring antimicrobial compounds with the purpose of inhibiting the proliferation of microorganisms and extend the microbiological shelf life of packaged food products. The studied active films are based on the use of ethylene vinyl copolymers (EVOH) containing 29% (EVOH29) or 44% (EVOH44) molar percentage of ethylene as polymeric vehicle for the incorporation of several antimicrobial compounds -oregano essential oil (OEO), citral, ethyl lauroyl arginate (LAE), epsilon-polylysine (EPL), green tea extract (GTE) and lysozyme. These antimicrobial agents have been incorporated in the film-forming solution or immobilized to the film surface by covalent bonding. Prior to the preparation of the active films, the antimicrobial activity of the selected compounds against selected microorganism was demonstrated, confirming that they could be good candidates to be used as preservatives for active food packaging applications, and an alternative to synthetic additives. The effect of the incorporation of the antimicrobial agents on relevant functional properties of the developed EVOH films was studied. In general, the polymer properties as materials for food packaging were not relevantly affected. In order to evaluate the potential of EVOH matrices as sustain release systems of active compounds, the release kinetics of the active compounds from the film to different media was evaluated; for that the agent release rate and extend into food simulants was monitored, and it was concluded that the agent concentration, release temperature, type of EVOH, interaction of EVOH with the food simulant, and the solubility of the active compound in the release media were the main controlling factors. EVOH matrices have also shown good properties to be used for the attachment of active molecules. In this regard, lysozyme was successfully immobilized on the film surface of EVOH. Several experiments were conducted to determine the antimicrobial properties of the resulting films in vitro against different microorganisms responsible for foodborne illness and in vivo with real foods –minimally-process salad, infant milk, surimi sticks and chicken stock- to enhance their preservation. All the materials presented a strong in vitro antimicrobial activity. Although the results obtained through in vivo tests showed activity reductions caused by food matrix effects, all materials presented significant microbial inhibition and, therefore, great potential to be used in the design of active food packaging. They can be applied as an inner coating of the packaging structure, releasing the active agent or acting by direct contact, producing a great protection against contamination with a prolongation of the microbiological food shelf life. / Muriel Galet, V. (2015). Novel antimicrobial films based on ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers for food packaging application [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/48522 / TESIS / Premios Extraordinarios de tesis doctorales / Compendio
48

Azithromycin in periodontal therapy: pharmacokinetic and mechanistic investigations

Lai, Pin-Chuang January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
49

The application of nanomaterials for the delivery of natural antimicrobials in engineered systems

Chan, Andrea C. January 2013 (has links)
Biofouling is the undesired biofilm formation on surfaces at a liquid interface that interferes with the affected substrate’s function. It is a ubiquitous problem in many engineered systems in industry. Biofouling causes contamination, essential damage to materials, and impedances to crucial industrial processes. These adverse effects lead to health hazards, gross increase in energy consumption, and significant decrease in overall productivity, all of which result in higher operational costs and environmentally destructive consequences. Interest in discovering effective alternatives to conventional antimicrobial agents has gained momentum. Current anti-biofouling strategies have significant disadvantages, such as the generation of toxic by-products, indiscriminate corrosion of surrounding materials and the environment, and promotion of resistance development. Alternative methods of controlling biofouling are in high demand because present-day solutions are far from sustainable. Plant secondary metabolites are promising candidates as novel biocides because they are (i) highly effective in killing microbes while being non-toxic to humans at antimicrobially active concentrations, and (ii) safer and non-damaging to the natural environment. Herein, antimicrobial efficacies of five plant-derived compounds were assessed against various species of planktonic bacteria as well as biofilms at various maturity stages. Allyl isothiocyanate (AIT) and cinnamaldehyde (CNAD) displayed the greatest inhibitory effects against all planktonic species tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration is defined as the lowest concentration of a substance that inhibits visible microbial growth, and the MBC is defined as the lowest concentration at which 99.9% of the population is killed. AIT yielded MICs of 156.25 mg/L and MBCs of 156.25 to 312.5 mg/L, and CNAD yielded MICs of 78.125 to 156.25 mg/L and MBCs of 78.125 to 312.5 mg/L. Furthermore, 312.5 mg/L AIT and 625 mg/L CNAD successfully reduced > 80% of biofilm adhesion as compared to negative controls. AIT and CNAD were therefore further evaluated extensively. Hindered by their volatile nature and immiscibility, plant secondary metabolites typically do not reach their maximum antimicrobial capacity due to low bioavailability. Thus, they would benefit from being protected and delivered in nano-sized carriers. In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were evaluated as carriers for AIT and CNAD delivery. In one, employment of MSNs as carriers doubled the antibacterial efficacy of free form AIT and increased kill rate of free form CNAD by six times. Furthermore, free form AIT caused ~70% of 60 day-old biofilm to detach, whereas AIT-loaded MSNs essentially removed all of the biofilm. As for CNAD, its free form had no significant effect, whereas CNAD-loaded MSNs caused ~80% reduction in biofilm biomass. MSNs were further engineered to incorporate lactose pore caps to achieve specific, on-command delivery. These MSNs were designed to respond to external stimuli intelligently, with gatekeepers that degrade only in the vicinity of certain target bacteria that are able to metabolise lactose. Capped AIT-loaded MSNs reduced bacterial viability by ~85% as compared to the negative control, while capped CNAD-loaded versions reduced viability by ~40%. This stimuli-triggered MSN delivery technology would be more sustainable than current methods because resistance development would be lowered, and the delivery vehicles could be recycled and reused. Herein, the complete AIT- or CNAD-loaded, lactose-capped MSNs delivery complex proved to be an effective and environmentally conscientious system for killing unwanted bacteria.
50

Aplicação de bacteriocinas de bactérias lácticas para controle de Listeria monocytogenes em queijo Minas Frescal processado pelo método de acidificação direta / Application of bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria to control Listeria monocytogenes in Minas Frescal cheese processed by the method of direct acidification

Vieira, Andressa Prado 06 October 2011 (has links)
Cinco linhagens bacteriocinogênicas foram selecionadas quanto às suas propriedades sensoriais e tecnológicas em leite. Somente Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis CTC204 apresentou as características (baixa acidificação e proteólise) adequadas para a fabricação de queijo Minas Frescal. Contudo, a baixa atividade da bacteriocina (3x102UA.mL-1) inviabilizou a sua utilização como bioconservante para a produção in situ no queijo. Estudos para obtenção de um bio-ingrediente foram conduzidos. A atividade da bacteriocina foi maior em leite adicionado com extrato de levedura e glicose (1,3x104UAmL-1) comparado com prebioticos (fruto-oligiossacarideo e inulina). A secagem em Spray-drier originou um bio-ingrediente com atividade de 1,3x105UAmL-1. Listeria monocytogenes ATCC7644 (4,0LogUFC.mL-1) foi inoculada nos queijos obtidos por acidificação do leite pasteurizado e microfiltrado. A contagem aumentou 6,2LogUFC.gL-1 e 2LogUFC.gL-1 no 15° e 21º dia de estocagem a 6±1°C, respectivamente, nos queijos sem e com adição de 10% do bio-ingrediente. Portanto, inibição de 4,2 LogUFC.g-1 do patógeno no 15° dia de estocagem. / Among the five bacteriocin-producing lactic bacteria strains tested, only Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris CTC 204 presented suitable sensory and technological properties for Minas Frescal cheesemaking process. However, because of the low yield of bacteriocin production in milk (3.0x102 AU.mL-1), its use as biopreservative for in situ production in cheese was impractical. We carried out experiments to obtain a bioingredient. Bacteriocin activity was higher in milk supplemented with glycose and yeast extract (1.3x104 AU.mL-1) compared to probiotics (fructooligosaccharides and inulin). Spray drying fermented milk originated a bioingredient presenting activity of 1.3x105 AU.mL-1. Population count of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, inoculated (4.0 Log CFU.mL-1) in cheese produced by direct acidification of pasteurized microfiltered milk, reached 6.2 Log CFU.g-1 and 2.0 Log CFU.g-1 at day 15 of storage at 6±1°C, in cheese without and with addition of 10% of bioingredient, respectively, therefore presenting pathogen inhibition of 4.2 Log CFU.g- 1 at day 15 of storage.

Page generated in 0.4596 seconds