Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:24:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_amria_martins.pdf: 1124461 bytes, checksum: 5fc07482df441b392fffa046252d6616 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-20 / Aphasia is characterized by a language change due to a brain injury. The aphasic person presents difficulties in the linguistic process, and may also presents motor, sensory and emotional problems, which, this way, reflect on his or her social environment. The literature that studies aphasia presents an organicist perspective, focusing only on the neurological cause, in which the relationship between neurological order and language order is done directly. Realizing that aphasia should be thought in a more broadly way, not restricted to the disease only, but also to the person who has the disease, is the reason for the French Discourse Analysis line to be used. Thus, the overall objective of this study was to analyze the speech of aphasic people in a linguistic-discursive perspective. Specifically, it is intended to investigate the speech of aphasic people with the diagnosis of brain injury and neurological speech disorder of similarity and contiguity; to describe the aphasic people linguistic and discursive production characteristics; and to identify strategies which generate linguistic-discursive effects shift on the people under study language. The aphasics who participated in this study were part of the Catholic University of Pernambuco (UNICAP) aphasic social group, which aims to work out the issues related to language. Data was collected by recordings, both in audio and video, from the workshops held in the aphasia Group, with varied themes. For data anal sis, speech cuttings ere taken from the aphasics interaction discursive moments in the group. The discursive cutting is a piece of discourse situation that the researcher uses to analyze the people evaluated discursive production. The discursive situations analysis focused here enabled the answers for the suggested questions addressed in this work. Considering the results, it was observed, as an aphasic discursive characteristic, the erasure of the speaker condition done by the person itself. It was also observed that the attitude taken by the Speech Therapist, in some situations, causes silencing on the aphasic. And that some activities generate displacement effect on the speech of these people. These activities were those in which the language was always present, showing its importance in the people therapeutic process. This makes it clear that professionals working with the aphasic person, especially the Speech Therapist, cannot avoid the use of a therapy which would contemplate, in essence, the language functioning / A afasia é caracterizada por uma alteração na linguagem decorrente de lesão cerebral. O sujeito afásico apresenta dificuldades no processo linguístico, podendo, também, apresentar problemas motores, sensoriais e emocionais, refletindo assim no seu meio social. A literatura fonoaudiológica que estuda a afasia apresenta uma perspectiva organicista, priorizando apenas a causa neurológica, na qual a relação entre a ordem neurológica e a da linguagem se dá de forma direta. Percebendo que a afasia deve ser pensada de uma forma mais ampla, não se restringindo apenas à doença, mas, também, ao sujeito, é que se utiliza a Análise do Discurso de linha francesa. Diante disso, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi analisar o discurso de sujeitos afásicos na perspectiva linguístico-discursiva. Especificamente, pretende-se investigar o discurso de sujeitos afásicos, com o diagnóstico neurológico de lesão encefálica e fonoaudiológico de distúrbio da similaridade e da contiguidade; descrever as características de produção linguístico-discursiva de sujeitos afásicos; e identificar estratégias lingüístico-discursivas que gerem efeitos de deslocamento na linguagem dos sujeitos em estudo. Participaram desta pesquisa os afásicos que fazem parte do Grupo de Convivência de Afásicos da Universidade Católica de Pernambuco (UNICAP), o qual tem como finalidade trabalhar os aspectos relacionados à linguagem. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de gravações, tanto em áudio como em vídeo, das oficinas realizadas no Grupo de Convivência de Afásicos, com temas variados. Para a análise dos dados, foram retirados recortes discursivos dos momentos de interação dos afásicos no grupo. O recorte discursivo é um fragmento de situação discursiva que o pesquisador utiliza para analisar a produção discursiva dos sujeitos avaliados. A análise das situações discursivas aqui enfocadas possibilitou a sugestão de respostas às questões abordadas neste trabalho. Diante dos resultados, observou-se como característica discursiva do afásico o apagamento, pelo próprio sujeito, da condição de falante. Observouse, também, que a postura que o Fonoaudiólogo apresenta, em algumas situações, provoca silenciamento no afásico. E que algumas atividades geram efeito de deslocamento no discurso destes sujeitos. Estas atividades foram aquelas em que a linguagem sempre estava presente, mostrando sua importância no processo terapêutico dos sujeitos. Com isso, fica claro que os profissionais que trabalham com o sujeito afásico, principalmente o Fonoaudiólogo, não podem se furtar ao uso de uma terapêutica que contemple, em sua essência, o funcionamento da linguagem

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:25:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 erika_maria_asevedo_costa_moura.pdf: 750406 bytes, checksum: ed9f41580413ed5abcbba41645d2ac58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-11 / Amongst the science advances are those that aim at improving people s lives in social, economic or physical ways. In this framework, we can highlight the aphasia, a clinical framework that can generate a simple imperceptible disorder or even the impossibility of a normal conversation. In this way, it can affect the aphasics interactions and consequently their social and financial lives. This language disorder has been traditionally investigated concerning its physiologic origin (cerebrovascular accidents or traumatic brain injury, the two most common causes) and medical interventions that can avoid or soften its symptoms, since Aphasia happens due to neurologic causes. There are many studies about this relationship between cause and symptoms of Aphasia. However this study, in an innovative way, aims at inserting this topic in the linguistic-discursive framework through the theory and procedures of the French Discursive Analysis (DA), as an instrument to improve the interpersonal interactions of aphasics, providing them a better and faster social adaptation. Considering this context, this paper aims at analyzing the discourse of aphasics from their own conditions as speakers in the group interaction; more specifically it attempts to identify the discursive materiality, the productions conditions, the imaginary formations, the power relations, the discursive formations, the silencing and the productions conditions that help or jeopardize the language of aphasics. The data collection took place in 2014 during the weekly meetings of the Group of Aphasics of the Catholic University of Pernambuco when the participants had their speeches recorded for a later transcription and analysis based on the theoretical and methodological basis of the DA. The participants of the research presented disorders in one of the language aspects: selection and combination and, in some cases, in both. Their discourses were frequently guided by imaginary formations and consequently power relations, since the subjects constitute aphasics by the image they have about themselves and the image they judge the receivers have about them, interacting hierarchically in the group according to their perceptions, history of life and production conditions. The identification of these linguistic articulations produced by the aphasics permits us to highlight some parameters that the researchers, language and health professionals and relatives can use to contribute positively (transmiting confidence, stimulating and respecting the aphasics pace to construct ideas) or, negatively (expressing of lack of sympathy, attempting to accelerate the aphasics to express themselves) so that the aphasics can interact through oral language. Therefore this study provides contributions for the theoretical and methodological strategies concerning linguistic-discursive aspects of the aphasics discourse. / Dentre os avanços da ciência, destacam-se aqueles que visam a melhorar a vida das pessoas, seja no que se refere ao social, seja no econômico e físico. Nesta perspectiva, ressalta-se a Afasia, quadro clínico que pode gerar desde um simples distúrbio imperceptível na fala à impossibilidade plena de conversação entre os sujeitos, comprometendo suas interações e, consequentemente, sua sustentabilidade social e financeira. Esse distúrbio de linguagem vem, tradicionalmente, sendo investigado, no que se refere a sua origem fisiológica (Acidentes Vasculares Encefálicos ou Traumatismos Crânio Encefálicos, para citar os dois mais frequentes) e intervenções medicamentosas que visam a evitá-la ou amenizá-la, uma vez que a Afasia é decorrente dessas causas de origem neurológica. Salienta-se que há propostas que se mantêm na relação causa versus sintoma. De forma inovadora, este estudo busca inserir nesta discussão a vertente linguístico-discursiva, através da teoria e procedimento analítico da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa (AD), como ferramenta que venha melhorar as interações interpessoais entre os sujeitos acometidos pela Afasia, possibilitando-lhes um melhor e mais rápido reenquadramento social. Diante do exposto, este trabalho objetiva analisar o discurso de sujeitos afásicos a partir de suas próprias condições de falantes, na interação em grupo; especificamente, busca identificar a materialidade discursiva, as condições de produção, as formações imaginárias, as relações de força, a formação discursiva, o silenciamento e as condições de produção que ajudam ou prejudicam a linguagem dos sujeitos afásicos. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 2014, durante os encontros semanais do Grupo de Convivência dos Afásicos da UNICAP, ocasião em que, os participantes tiveram seus discursos filmados para posterior transcrição e análise com base nos pilares teóricos e metodológicos da AD. Os sujeitos investigados apresentaram distúrbios em um dos eixos da linguagem: no de seleção e no de combinação e, em alguns casos, em ambos. Seus discursos foram frequentemente norteados por formações imaginárias e consequentemente relações de força, uma vez que eles se constituem sujeitos afásicos a partir da imagem que fazem de si e da imagem que julgam que o interlocutor faz deles, interagindo hierarquicamente no grupo de acordo com suas percepções, histórias de vida e condições de produção. O reconhecimento dessas articulações linguísticas realizadas pelo sujeito afásico permite destacar alguns parâmetros que os pesquisadores, profissionais de linguagem, saúde e familiares podem usar para contribuir positivamente (transmitir confiança, estimular e respeitar a velocidade de construção das ideias do afásico) ou, negativamente, (expressão ou não entendimento e acelerar ou pressionar o afásico a se expressar) para que os sujeitos afásicos interajam através da linguagem falada. Assim, este estudo disponibiliza contribuições no campo das estratégias teóricas e metodológicas em relação aos aspectos linguístico-discursivos dos sujeitos afásicos.

SAMMANFATTNING Det finns ett stort behov av psykosociala insatser för personer med afasi (PMA); docksaknar många logopeder kunskap om logopedisk psykosocial intervention för PMA. Enkunskapsöversikt i ämnet vore därför önskvärt. Syftet med studien är att sammanställaresultat från tidigare studier om hur logopeder arbetar kliniskt med psykosocialintervention för PMA. Studien är en litteraturöversikt och litteratursökningen utfördesmellan september och oktober 2020 i ett flertal databaser. Artiklarna behövde uppfyllaspecifika kriterier för att inkluderas. Åtta artiklar identifierades, varav tre beskrev tvåolika psykosociala interventioner för PMA. Resterande fem studier beskrev logopedersanvändning och inställning till psykosocial intervention. Psykosocial interventiontillämpades genom olika metoder inklusive psykoterapeutiska metoder; få renodladepsykosociala metoder identifierades. Resultaten visade att det finns en osäkerhet blandlogopederna gällande psykosocial intervention på grund av kunskapsbrist och oklarheteri arbetsfördelning mellan kurator, psykolog samt logoped. Vidare beskrevs en oklarhetgällande begreppet och definitionen av logopedisk psykosocial intervention. Samtligastudier kvalitetsgranskades och de två interventionsmetodernas evidensnivå bedömdes;båda interventionsstudierna visade på otillräcklig evidens. / ABSTRACTThere is a great need for psychosocial interventions for people with aphasia (PWA);however, many speech-language pathologists (SLP) lack knowledge about psychosocialintervention for PWA. Therefore, a comprehensive overview about the subject isrequired. The aim of this study is to compile and critically examine results fromprevious research about SLPs’ clinical work within psychosocial intervention for PWA.The study is a literature review, and the literature search was conducted duringSeptember and October 2020 using several databases. The articles needed to fulfillspecific criteria to be included. In total, eight articles were identified; three of themdescribed two psychosocial interventions for PWA, the remaining five studies describedhow psychosocial intervention is managed by SLPs and their attitude towardaddressing psychosocial needs for PWA. Psychosocial intervention was applied throughvarious methods, including psychotherapeutic methods, few pure psychosocial methodswere identified. The results indicate that the SLPs had low confidence due to lack ofknowledge and uncertainty of work allocation between counselor, psychologist andSLP. Furthermore, an ambiguity was described regarding the concept and definition ofpsychosocial intervention. The studies quality and the strength of the evidence wereassessed, both intervention studies showed insufficient level of evidence.

Correct Information Units (CIU) analysis is one of the few measures of discourse that attempts to quantify discourse as a function of communicating information efficiently. Though this analysis is used reliably as a research tool, most studies' apply CIUs to structured discourse tasks and do not specifically describe how raters are trained. If certified clinical speech-language pathologists can likewise reliably apply CIU analysis within clinical settings to unstructured discourse, such as the discourse of people with aphasia (PWA), it may allow clinicians to quantify the information communicated efficiently in clinical populations with discourse deficits. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine if using the outlined training module, clinicians are able to score CIUs with similar inter-rater reliability across both structured and unstructured discourse samples as researchers. Method: Four certified SLPs will undergo a two-hour training session in CIU analysis similar to that of a university research staffs' CIU training protocol. Each SLP will score CIUs in structured and unstructured language samples collected from individuals diagnosed with aphasia. The SLP' scores within the structured and unstructured discourse samples will be compared to those of a university research lab staffs'. This will determine (1) whether SLPs can reliably code CIUs when compared with research raters in a lab setting when both using the same two-hour CIU training and resources allotted; (2) whether there is a significant difference in reliability when structured and unstructured discourse is analyzed.

Cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide, with about one third of stroke survivors initially suffering from communication disorders, including aphasia. Symptoms in aphasia vary from person to person, ranging from repeated failures in verbal expression to comprehension deficits that may occur in both the spoken and written modality. The current work synthesizes almost a decade of research on aphasia following left-hemispheric stroke in individuals with preserved right-hemispheric function: musical skills and formulaic expressions embedded in social interaction. Moving beyond the traditional scope of clinical linguistics, this work argues that preserved right-hemispheric function not only provides valuable resources in speech-language therapy, but also a possible foundation for psychotherapy in individuals with post-stroke aphasia and concomitant depression. An integrative summary introduces key developments in a line of research spanning from 2013 to 2021, to conclude with an outlook on forthcoming contributions and a commentary on the underlying conceptual framework. Each separate piece of research has been published previously in peer-reviewed journals. Here, the selected studies are assembled in an interdisciplinary context at the intersection of clinical neuroscience, speech-language pathology, and psychotherapy.

No description available.

Jönsson, J & Persson, TAfasi. En litteraturstudie om kommunikation vid afasi orsakad av stroke.Examensarbete i omvårdnad 10 poäng. Malmö högskola: Hälsa och samhälle, utbildningsområde omvårdnad, 2007.Afasi är ett samlingsnamn för språkliga skador och kan drabba människor i alla åldrar. Cirka 12 000 personer drabbas årligen i Sverige av afasi vilket är en vanlig åkomma efter stroke. Individen med afasi och dennes anhöriga känner en frustration då de inte kan kommunicera med varandra, sjuksköterskan går här in och stöttar både patient och anhöriga. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa kommunikationen mellan sjuksköterska och patient med afasi. Frågeställningarna var: vilka metoder använder sjuksköterskan för att kommunicera med patienten? Hur upplever sjuksköterskan kommunikationen med patienter med afasi? Hur upplever patienten sin situation vid kommunikationssvårigheter? Litteraturstudien omfattar både kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier. Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskans kommunikations -metoder består av att skapa en relation med patienten, visa empati, använda fysisk beröring, kroppsspråk samt humor. Sjuksköterskan känner empati för patienten och hon upplever patientens situation som tragisk och stöttar honom genom att visa uppmärksamhet och uppmuntran. Patienten kan känna sig frustrerad och deprimerad av att inte kunna uttrycka sig verbalt. Resultatet diskuteras utifrån Virginia Hendersons omvårdnadsteori. En konversation behöver inte innehålla ord, utan en förståelse kan även nås genom att använda kroppsspråk och fysisk beröring. Nyckelord: afasi, kommunikation, patient, relation, sjuksköterska, stroke, upplevelser. / Jönsson, J & Persson, TAphasia. A literature review about communication at aphasia caused by a cerebrovascular accident.Degree Projekt, 10 Credit Points. Nursing Programme, Malmö University: Health and society, Department of Nursing, 2007. Aphasia is a common name for several speech disabilities and this can affect people in all ages. Approximately 12 000 people develop aphasia every year in Sweden and it is a common sequel after a cerebrovascular event. The patients and their relatives feel a frustration when they can not communicate with each other, and the nurse needs to support both parties. The aim of this review-study was to illuminate the communication between the nurse and the patient with aphasia. The questions at issue were: which methods does the nurse use when communicating with the patient? How does the nurse experience the communication with patients who have aphasia? How does the patient experience the situation when having difficulties to communicate? This literature study is based on qualitative and quantitative studies. The results show; that methods used by the nurse to communicate include the ability to create a relationship with the patient, show empathy, use physical touch, body language and humour. The nurse experience sympathy for the patient and find the situation most tragic. She or he supports the patient by showing attention and encourage. The patient can be frustrated and depressed by not being able to verbally express himself/herself. The results are discussed on the basis of Virginia Henderson’s theory. A conversation does not necessarily need words, comprehension might also be achieved by using body language and physical touch. Keywords: aphasia, cerebrovascular accident, communication, experience, nurse, patient, relation.

The effects of a multimodality treatment were investigated using a single subject experimental design across behaviors in two patients with different severity levels of Broca's aphasia. We hypothesized that Response Elaboration Training and an oral reading task would improve accuracy of sentence production, information content, and mean length of utterance. Results indicated that this treatment approach elicited significant improvement in the accuracy of sentence production and information content in the participant with very mild Broca's aphasia. Furthermore, the participant with severe Broca's aphasia demonstrated a very significant improvement in information content and mean length of utterance. The improvements support the idea that the same treatment may be used for individuals with various levels of ability as long as appropriate aspects of language are monitored for each client.

Mental illness and language disorders are rarely linked together as a way of making a comparison. In this study, a comprehensive scoping review was initiated to discuss the differential diagnostic characteristics of expressive language in Schizophrenia and Wernicke’s Aphasia (WA). This study will examine the domains of language where there are overlaps between the characteristics of expressive language. Semantics, pragmatics, and discourse will be further examined while comparing what aspects of expressive language are key in each domain. Schizophrenia being classified as a mental illness and WA being classified as an acquired language disorder, there are fundamental properties of language that are synonymous; however, the terms used can be different. This study will discuss the process and reasoning behind a scoping review. The results of this scoping review will identify the gaps in the literature addressing similarities between the patterns of expressive language use in these two diagnoses.

Afasi är en språkstörning som främst uppstår till följd av en stroke och drabbar cirka 30 % av alla strokepatienter i Sverige. Personer med afasi upplever ofta besvär med det psykosociala välmåendet, exempelvis depression, förlust av arbete och påverkade relationer. Gruppverksamheter för personer med afasi kan öka känslan av gemenskap i grupp, bidra med en stödjande miljö som hjälper till att upprätthålla identitet och välmående hos personer med afasi. Syftet med studien var att undersöka den upplevda effekten av deltagande i en gruppverksamhet på det psykosociala välmåendet hos personer med afasi. I denna intervjustudie deltog sju personer med afasi. Studien genomfördes på en gruppverksamhet för personer med afasi i centrala Sverige. Medelåldern för deltagarna var 63 år. Resultaten visar att deltagande i gruppverksamheten hade flera positiva effekter på det psykosociala välmåendet hos personerna med afasi. Deltagarna uttryckte känsla av samhörighet och trygghet i gruppverksamheten. Positiva effekter som framkom var känslan av att bli förstådd inom gruppen och att ha rutiner på gruppverksamheten. Studien belyser hur gruppverksamheter kan gynna det psykosociala välmåendet hos personer med afasi. Studien lyfter även utmaningar såsom gruppdynamik och olika preferenser för aktiviteterna inom gruppverksamheten. Studien förespråkar ökad tillgänglighet till gruppverksamheter som personer med afasi kan komma till under en längre period. / Aphasia is a language disorder predominantly resulting from brain damage, notably after a stroke, affecting around 30% of stroke patients. People with aphasia experience difficulties with their psychosocial well-being, including depression, loss of employment, and affected relationships. Community-based aphasia groups may facilitate a supportive community that aids in maintaining identity and well-being for people with aphasia. The aim of the study was to explore the perceived effects of rehabilitation group activities on the psychosocial well-being in people with aphasia. In this study, seven people with aphasia participated in a semi-structured interview at an aphasia center in central Sweden. The participants' mean age was 63 years. The results indicate that group activities are perceived to have several positive effects on the psychosocial well-being in people with aphasia. Participants expressed feeling fellowship and safety at the aphasia center. Positive effects of routines and feeling understood within the group were identified. The study highlights how group activities benefit the psychosocial well-being in people with aphasia. However, the study also highlights challenges such as creating group dynamics and different preferences for activities that may affect participation. The study advocates for an increased access to group activities beyond healthcare settings to support psychosocial well-being in people with aphasia.