Les fonds d'archives forment de grandes quantités de documents difficiles à interpréter automatiquement : les approches classiques imposent un lourd effort de conception, sans parvenir à empêcher la production d'erreurs qu'il faut corriger après les traitements.Face à ces limites, notre travail vise à améliorer la processus d'interprétation, en conservant un fonctionnement page par page, et en lui apportant des informations contextuelles extraites du fonds documentaire ou fournies par des opérateurs humains.Nous proposons une extension ciblée de la description d'une page qui permet la mise en place systématique d'échanges entre le processus d'interprétation et son environnement. Un mécanisme global itératif gère l'apport progressif d'informations contextuelles à ce processus, ce qui améliore l'interprétation.L'utilisation de ces nouveaux outils pour le traitement de documents du XVIIIe siècle a montré qu'il était facile d'intégrer nos propositions à un système existant, que sa conception restait simple, et que l'effort de correction pouvait être diminué. / Fonds, also called historical document collections, are important amounts of digitized documents which are difficult to interpret automatically: usual approaches require a lot of work during design, but do not manage to avoid producing many errors which have to be corrected after processing.To cope with those limitations, our work aimed at improving the interpretation process by making use of information extracted from the fond, or provided by human operators, while keeping a page by page processing.We proposed a simple extension of page description language which permits to automatically generate information exchange between the interpretation process and its environment. A global iterative mechanism progressively brings contextual information to the later process, and improves interpretation.Experiments and application of those new tools for the processing of documents from the 18th century showed that our propositions were easy to integrate in an existing system, that its design is still simple, and that required manual corrections were reduced.

Submitted by Marlene Aparecida de Souza Cardozo (mcardozo@pucsp.br) on 2018-03-07T13:11:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Joana Asseff Neves.pdf: 2319718 bytes, checksum: d616f64384e655e52263cd2878377c87 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-07T13:11:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joana Asseff Neves.pdf: 2319718 bytes, checksum: d616f64384e655e52263cd2878377c87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present dissertation aims to verify the place of science in the classification of the documentation stored in the Public Archive of the Empire of Brazil. The period from 1838 to 1889 was established from the time of its founding until the time of the Republic. From the relevant legislation (laws, decrees, regulations, etc.) and the reports of the Ministry of the Empire, a historical survey was carried out of the Archivo, highlighting the main events of the period. Thus, to understand the classification of documentation, we analyzed the regulations of 1838, 1860 and 1876, pointing out the incidence of terms related to science; we tried to identify documents related to science deposited in the Archive and its classification; and compared with other classifications that somehow were in dialogue with the one held at the institution. In this way, we believe can understand the place of science in the classification of documents stored in the Archive during the Empire of Brazil / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo verificar o lugar da ciência na classificação da documentação armazenada no Archivo Publico do Império do Brasil. O recorte temporal estabelecido abrange desde sua fundação até o advento da República; portanto, o período entre 1838 e 1889. A partir da legislação concernente (leis, decretos, regulamentos, etc.) e dos relatórios do Ministério do Império foi realizado o levantamento histórico do Archivo, destacando os principais acontecimentos do período. Assim, para compreensão de como era feita a classificação da documentação, analisamos os regulamentos de 1838, 1860 e 1876 apontando a incidência de termos relacionados à ciência; procuramos identificar documentos relativos à ciência depositados no Archivo e sua classificação; e realizamos uma comparação com outras classificações que, de certa forma, dialogavam com a realizada na instituição. Dessa maneira, acreditamos poder entender o lugar da ciência na classificação dos documentos armazenados no Archivo durante o Império do Brasil

Thesis (M.Tech.: Library and Information Studies)-Durban University of Technology, 2006. xii, 210 leaves. / This study was aimed at investigating the digital scanning of photographs in archival collections with a view to highlighting some of the key issues in the provision of a digital imaging service.

This study sought to investigate the role of the National Archives of South Africa in terms of the management of the electronic records of central government. The research methodology selected for this study was descriptive research, utilising the case study approach. Two data gathering techniques were employed, that of the record and the interview methods. In utilising the record method extensive use was made of a variety of documents ranging from legislation to the manuals and internal circulars of the National Archives. After the documentary evidence had been analyzed, three nonscheduled-structured-interviews were carried out with National Archives staff. In the process of the investigation a number of findings were generated. It was established that the National Archives is responsible for managing the electronic records of governmental bodies. In order to fulfill this responsibility the National Archives has developed an electronic records management programme. This programme aims to involve the National Archives in the design and maintenance of electronic records systems, to allow the early transfer of electronic records into archival custody, and to facilitate the identification of those archival electronic records that should remain in the possession of the creating body. As a result of the literature reviewed and the interviews conducted, a number of challenges were identified with regards to the National Archives' management of the electronic records of central government. Among these were issues such as the lack of staff resources that the National Archives currently faces, the perceived low status of the National Archives within the Department of Arts, Culture, Science and Technology, and the lack of cooperation and communication between the National Archives and its client bodies or components thereof. The National Archives is attempting to deal with a number of these challenges, but it would appear as if they are adopting a reactive and overly cautious approach to the management of electronic records. While they are well informed in terms of the theory of electronic records management, they are greatly lacking in terms of practical experience. It was recommended that the National Archives address the issue of staff resources as a priority. It was further recommended that the National Archives emphasise the business benefits to be gained by governmental bodies implementing records management practices, and that the National Archives become a more active player in the broader discipline of information management. / Thesis (M.I.S.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1999.

Abstract available in pdf file.

The purpose of this study is to examine the use of off-site storage in the archival sector and how it impacts the public institutions’ work towards making the archives accessible for their users. Despite the ever-present technological advances and presumed digital future of archives the dependence on analogue records is still strong, leading to a recurring problem regarding lack of space in the archival depositories. To solve the problem archival institutions often turn to off-site storage solutions, where the terms and conditions vary, and often demands creative solutions to everyday archival problems. To answer the purpose of this study two types of off-site storage have been examined, where in one the archives use a staffed location and one where they use an unmanned location. By conducting interviews with archivists employed in organizations using these solutions the study aims to answer questions about 1) the challenges faced, 2) the solutions to said challenges, and 3) if there are any similarities or differences between the two aforementioned types of off-site storage. Employing the archival reference knowledge model developed by Duff, Yakel and Tibbo as a theoretical framework the study takes special aim at what abilities the archivists need and use to face the challenges presented by using off-site storage and to satisfy the needs of their users. The results conclude that although the main consequences of using off-site storage are loss of efficiency and time delays due to separated archives and unsatisfactory resources the archivists manage to keep their service levels moderate. They use the same tactics for acquiring collection knowledge in all aspects of the organization, and otherwise use each other’s’ knowledge to bridge the gaps. They make do with the given resources while balancing political and organizational objectives and juridical demands. This is a two years master’s thesis in Archival Science.

Introduction. This thesis examines historical patients’ experiences of staying in sanatoria in Mörsil, Sweden, with a special focus on power structures within the institution. This thesis project is simultaneously a scholarly digital humanities inquiry using digitised sources as the material of study, and a hands-on digital humanities project in the form of a digital archive containing the materials examined in this study. Previous research suggests that there is a need to nuance the modern narrative about patients in sanatoria, and that studying patients’ own accounts is one way to do this. Method. Letters, brochures, programs, and newspaper articles and notices were studied in this thesis. Handwritten materials were automatically transcribed using the artificial intelligence tool Transkribus Lite. Omeka.net was used to publish the digitised collection online. A qualitative conventional content analysis was used to aid interpretation and processing of the study’s materials. Analysis. This study used Foucault’s (1995) theory of discipline to analyse patients’ own stories, and printed materials from the sanatoria, in order to examine the presence of power imbalances. Results. The results of this study show many varied signs of institutionalised discipline. They also provide insight into patients’ experiences at the sanatoria related to medical treatments and sanatoria practices. Conclusion. This study concludes that studying patients’ stories can provide unique insight into the practices, treatments, and the patient experience in sanatoria. This knowledge contributes to nuancing the modern view on sanatoria and its patients. / Introduktion. Den här uppsatsen undersöker historiska patienters upplevelser av att spendera tid på de sanatorier som fanns i Mörsil, Jämtland, med ett särskilt fokus på maktstrukturer inom institutionen. Uppsatsen består både av en akademisk digital humaniorafrågeställning med digitaliserade källor som empiriskt material, och ett praktiskt digitaliseringsprojekt. Tidigare forskning föreslår att det finns anledning att nyansera det moderna narrativet kring sanatoriepatienter, samt att studie av patienternas egna berättelser är ett bra sätt att åstadkomma detta på.  Metod. Brev, broschyrer, program samt tidskriftsartiklar och -notiser studerades i denna uppsats. Handskrivet material transkriberades automatiskt genom Transkribus Lite som är baserat på artifciell intelligens. Omeka.net användes för att publicera studiens digitaliserade material online. En kvalitativ konventionell innehållsanalys användes för att tolka och tematisera studiens material.  Analys. Den här uppsatsen använde Foucaults (1995) teori om disciplin för att analysera patienters berättelser och publicerat material från sanatorierna. Resultat. Resultaten av den här studien visar på många olika typer av institutionaliserad disciplin. Resultaten ger även inblick i andra aspekter av patienternas upplevelser, exempelvis kopplat till medicinska behandlingar och sanatoriverksamheten i stort. Slutsats. Uppsatsen visar att studien av patienters egna berättelser kan ge en unik inblick i de praktiker, behandlingar och uppplevelser som ägde rum på svenska sanatorier. Den här kunskapen bidrar till att nyansera den moderna synen på sanatorier och dess patienter.

South African institutions of preservation, such as archives, have often focused their collecting efforts on records of national significance and documenting the perspectives of the more dominant communities that represent power and government. This has resulted in the underrepresentation of certain communities in the archival heritage of the nation, such as the South African Portuguese community, whose contemporary history and experiences have not been adequately reflected in the country’s archival collections, including in those of government and other mainstream archival institutions and non-public institutions. Since South Africa has a number of Portuguese community-based organisations - and because the records they have created may be a potential resource for safeguarding the social history of this under-documented group - this study aimed to investigate the management of these records with a view of proposing a best practice model that would assist in their future management and guide their inclusion in any intended archival collection initiatives. Utilising a generic interpretive qualitative research design, the study revealed that the selected study population, namely the Portuguese community-based organisations in Gauteng, create and hold diverse types of records that may show important aspects of the community’s history that are worthy of systematic management and preservation. However, it became evident from the empirical findings that the recordkeeping practices of these organisations were performed inadequately, with records often being misplaced or discarded after their administrative use had expired. The findings also showed that, although these organisations had never thought of establishing an archival programme for themselves or depositing their records in any mainstream archives, they were willing to contribute their records to a planned archival collecting initiative of the community. Based on these findings, recommendations were made with regard to these organisational records in order to improve their management and to facilitate their potential inclusion in an archival collecting plan. The study also suggested an archival collecting framework and a model for these records. The proposed model followed an integrated approach, taking into account the community’s divergent collecting and custody preferences, such as the mainstream institutional acquisition of these records or these being preserved within community structures. / Information Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-23T12:50:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Talita dos Santos Molina.pdf: 2475717 bytes, checksum: 887e908e9c5d7e53a32ccdd9b6c66c14 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T12:50:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Talita dos Santos Molina.pdf: 2475717 bytes, checksum: 887e908e9c5d7e53a32ccdd9b6c66c14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-16 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This thesis presents a study on the process of creation and performance of the Pro-Document - National Program of Documentation of Historical Preservation developed by the extinct National Pro-Memory Foundation - IPHAN FNPM and that, between 1984 and 1988, had as central objective the preservation of private collections as important documents for the recovery of memory and national identity. Focused on the study on the recognition and preservation of private documentary heritage in the country, it analyzes the Pro-Document's proposals in the context of the discussions about new memory demands, renewal of Brazilian historiography and documentary preservation in the 1980s. the documents of the Central Archive of IPHAN - Rio de Janeiro Section, as well as various publications such as the Revista Acervo, the National Archive, the Annals of Congresses of AAB and ANPUH and the AAB Archive and Administration Magazine. The main objective of the thesis was to understand the Pro-Document more comprehensively through an examination of the proposed historical dimensions, conceptions and policies on the preservation of documentary heritage in our country. It was also interesting to inquire about reasons and paths that led to the forgetting of this IPHAN program in the specialized literature on the subject in the following years / Esta tese apresenta um estudo sobre o processo de criação e atuação do Pró-Documento - Programa Nacional de Documentação da Preservação Histórica desenvolvido pela extinta Fundação Nacional Pró-Memória – FNPM e que, entre os anos de 1984 e 1988, teve como objetivo central a preservação de acervos privados como conjuntos documentais importantes para a recuperação da memória e da identidade nacional. Focado no estudo sobre reconhecimento e preservação do patrimônio documental privado no país, analisamos as propostas do Pró-Documento no contexto das discussões sobre novas demandas memoriais, renovação da historiografia brasileira e propostas relativas ao papel das instituições arquivísticas e a preservação documental na década de 1980. A pesquisa teve como fontes centrais os documentos do Arquivo Central do IPHAN – Seção Rio de Janeiro, além de publicações diversas como a Revista Acervo, do Arquivo Nacional, a Revista Arquivo & Administração da AAB, os Anais de Congressos da AAB e da ANPUH. O objetivo central da tese foi compreender de forma mais ampla o Pró-Documento por meio de um exame das dimensões históricas propostas, das concepções e políticas sobre a questão da preservação do patrimônio documental em nosso país. Interessou também indagar sobre razões e caminhos que levaram ao esquecimento desse programa do IPHAN na literatura especializada sobre a questão nos anos seguintes

Archives can tell us many things about the past. The purpose of this guide is to facilitate the work of those who want to know more about the documents associated with death sentences. The guide gives a brief introduction to the history of the death penalty in Swedish legal history, to the legal process and to the judicial authorities. It also adresses the relationship between the various bodies and the relationship between law and jurisprudence. The guide presents primarily the archives of Nedre justitierevisionen and of Svea hovrätt. The guide presents what kind of information can be found and provides guidance as to how these documents are sought. Through a case study, we learn that records can give answers to many questions regarding a person sentenced to death.