Licentiatavhandling Luleå : Luleå tekniska universitet, 2006.

<p>Tuuli Forsgren and Göran Larsson are editors in this report which is an anthology</p>

The subject of this master's thesis is how digitisation changes the understanding of textual archival matter. Drawing on document theory and media theory, the concept of digitisation is analysed as remediation, the repro - duction of one medium in another. A key theoretical assumption is that digitisation is not a neutral process, and conceptualising digitisation as remediation is a way of analysing the changed charasteristics of archival matter when represented in another medium. A tentative model for analysing remediated archival matter is presented, identifying three aspects or dimensions as crucial in understanding how remediation affects the interpretation of archival matter: the document dimension, the media dimension and the institutional dimension. The source material for this thesis are four instances of digitised archival material, each conceptualised and analysed as a case study. The four case studies are: a digitised archival volume from the archives of Swedish art museum Moderna Museet; the digitised typewritten manuscript of the poem ”De sju dödssynderna” (”The seven deadly sins”) by Swedish author and poet Karin Boye, available on the cultural heritage portal Alvin; a digitised handwritten notebook forming part of the manuscript for the novel To the Lighthouse by English author Virginia Woolf, available on the website Woolf Online; the digitised verdict from Swedish court of justice Kammarrätten (Administrative Court of Appeal) regarding the age rating for the film The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part One. It is argued that the digitised archival material in each case study has the character of a digital facsimile, whose charasteristics are dependent upon choices made in its production as well as mode of presentation. It is further argued that the characteristics of each digital facsimile shape and mediate the understanding of the archi - val matter, and that some kinds of information, e. g. textual information, are more easily represented than others, e. g. material information. In the light of these results, the changing role of the archive and the possibilities of different kinds of rese - arch are discussed. The original value of this master's thesis lies in its further development of the concept of re - mediation as a concept in archival science as well as deepening the understanding of the interpretative fra - meworks surrounding digitised archival matter. This is a two years master's thesis in Archive, Library and Museum studies.

This thesis examines how images are used and evaluated in a Swedish archival context. Images as of today are very common in society. They are nearly everywhere, particularly in our phones and computers. Therefore the written word is slowly losing it's sovereignty as a carrier of information. With this background the study examines if the images role also have changed in an archival setting. The following work is a qualitative research study that examines three Swedish archives: the Regional State Archive in Uppsala, Swedish Labour Movement's Archives and Library in Stockholm and the Centre for Business History in Stockholm. Furthermore the study examines how the institutions organize images and how they make them accessible for the public. It also examines what role the image play as a carrier of information in the archive. In more general terms the study also investigates what function the image can have for people in society. The comparison of the archival institutions is a methodological foundation for this study. Semi- structured interviews were conducted with archivists from the three institutions and works as the main source. For the analysis this study uses document theory and a few concepts derived from Terry Cook's archival theory, namely evidence, memory, identity and community. In terms with the previous research made on the subject this study comes to the result that images have different terms for archiving than other materials, most specifically papers documents. The examined archival institutions are today using the same tools for organizing images as they use for other documents. This can have negative effects on the ability the image has as a carrier of information. In the long run this could cause the image to become a marginalized part of the archive as a whole. The conclusion this mater's thesis presents is that the image has a potential as a source of information. Especially for groups that aren't previously represented in the archive through traditional paper documents. The image may therefore contribute to the archival pluralism and diversity, as long as the images are treated with the terms they demand as an archival document. This is a two years master's thesis in Archival Science.

The object of this two years master's thesis has been to study a specific genre of personal archives by examiningthe archives of nine parents who have lost one or several infants. Using internet-based methods, (e-mail, Skypeand digital photographs), I have conducted qualitative research using a general interview guide technique. Usingresearch from archival theory as well as other fields, my material has been arranged and analysed according tothemes and recurring thoughts picked up from my informants during the interviews.My main theoretical aid has been that the role of parent who has lost a child is the starting point for the creationof the personal archives. Another important theory is my definition of the term “document” as not dependent onmedium and format, but on usage: if an object has been used as a part of an archive, it is a document. I also claimthat study of personal archives is a way to help the archival profession and Swedish archival theory to becomemore democratic and inclusive, since especially the former is mandated to reflect all of society's many manifestationsof culture and memory. The results show that the archives contain a large selection of documents in differentformats and mediums, but that they also have many similarities. This is an effect of the fact that the parentshave all had roughly the same document-creating contacts with their relatives and friends, the authorities and theother parts of society often involved in the events proceeding the child's birth and death (or sickness and death).The reasons to create and maintain a personal archive are to preserve the memories of events, people, places,thoughts and feelings associated with the child and whatever time the parents got to spend with him or her. By remembering,the parents are also confirming the child's existence and place within the family, and helping themselvesconfirm their newly acquired role as parents who have lost a child. The archives and their constituent partsare used as physical and psychological “linking objects”, to help the parents feel (at least temporary) closer totheir child by watching, touching or talking about the most important documents. These are often the ones displayedon special memory shelves, on family photo walls or in memory boxes. It follows that arrangement of thedocuments is based mostly on the emotional attachment of the parent to the individual document, and that destructionof records are extremely rare in the studied archives. Their growth diminished with time, but does notstop completely since the parents, other relatives and friends still create new documents, mostly to observe holidaysand anniversaries. Furthermore, the way the parents use their archives and its constituent parts change astime passes. Individual documents may also change their emotional and cultural significance to the parent, orgain additional ones. Some of the underlying factors behind these findings are my informants views on creating,keeping and destroying documents. They all express a need to “save everything”, and most also want to “documenteverything”. The latter, their wish to create new documents to complement the ones created primarily byothers and as a result of specific events and processes, comes from a feeling of not having enough documents inthe archives. It can also be the result of dissatisfaction with those that do exist. Finally, as is commonplace amongpersonal archives, the archives in my study have multiple record creators within the immediate family and outsideit, even though my informants are usually the main creators. This is a two years master’s thesis in Archive,Library and Museum studies.

The Swedish geographer Gerd Enequist (1903-1989) left behind great amounts of private and work material when she passed away. This was donated to the University Library of Uppsala, Carolina Rediviva, in three different accessions. This resulted in three different record. The subject of this report is the progress of assembling these record into one complete record. The registering led to many important decisions such as the role of provenance and the relation of private and public documents. Above all the special nature of personal archives have been a topic of discussion. Personal archives separate themselves from public records and therefore demand a different strategy of listing. The width of kinds of material and the mixture of private and public records are important qualities that differ them from public records. The report is initiated with an introduction of Enequist, followed by a description of the three accessions. In the second part of the report the work with recording the archive is accounted for including a description of the headings of the record. Thereafter the problems encountered during the work are described and discussed. The report is completed with a short proposal of the research values of the archive.

The purpose of the study is to investigate how articles in Helsingborg's daily newspaper that dealt with rationing can say something about how the view of femininity is constructed at the beginning of the Second World War during 1939-1942. The articles deal with everything from tips on recipes to violations of rationing, topics taken from everyday life and are therefore good sources for everyday life, the rationing system, consumption habits, and gender during this specific period in Helsingborg. The question is what knowledge about everyday life, rationing, consumption history, and gender during the Second World War can the sources contribute to? The essay is arranged as follows: The background consists of an account of the Second World War and rationing. The method chosen is qualitative content analysis. It was chosen because the method allows one to analyze the material in depth. The material was divided and coded through the method to understand the purpose of each article. In this study, gender theory is used because the articles in the newspaper contain a lot of information about women and their roles during World War II. The previous research in this study consists of literature that all relates to the subject of the study. Since the study contains information about several different areas, the literature is used for different purposes. The survey is divided into different topics. The study examines how the articles have conveyed information about the rationing system and rationing violations, consumption and housekeeping, and also gender and housewife ideals. The conclusion of the work with the material provides further information about everyday life, rationing, consumption history, and gender in Helsingborg during the years 1939-1942. The material also shows the position of women during the war and the limited role they had. This leads to gender roles being reinforced during this period. / Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur artiklar i Helsingborgs dagblad som behandlade ransoneringarna kan säga något om hur synen på kvinnlighet konstruerades i början av andra världskriget under 1939-1942. Artiklarna behandlar allt från tips på recept till brott mot ransoneringen, ämnen hämtade från vardagslivet och är därför bra källor till vardagslivet, ransoneringssystemet, konsumtionsvanor och genus under denna specifika tidsperiod i Helsingborg. Frågeställningen är vilken kunskap om vardagslivet, ransoneringarna, konsumtionshistoria och genus under andra världskriget kan källorna bidra till? Uppsatsen är disponerad på följande sätt: bakgrunden består av en redogörelse om andra världskriget och ransoneringen. Metoden som är vald är en kvalitativ innehållsanalys, vilken bidrar till en djupare analys. Materialet delades upp och kodades genom metoden för att förstå vad syftet är med varenda artikel. I denna studie används genusteori eftersom artiklarna i tidningen innehåller en hel del information om kvinnor och deras roll under andra världskriget. Den tidigare forskningen i denna studie består av litteratur som alla förhåller sig till studiens ämne. Eftersom att studien innehåller information om flera olika områden används litteraturen till olika syften. Undersökningen är uppdelad i olika ämnen. Studien undersöker hur artiklarna har förmedlat information om ransoneringssystemet och ransoneringsbrott, konsumtion och hushållning och även genus och husmorsideal. Slutsatsen i arbetet med materialet ger vidare information om vardagslivet, ransoneringarna, konsumtionshistoria och hur kvinnligheten konstruerats i Helsingborg under åren 1939-1942. Materialet visar även på kvinnornas ställning under kriget och vilken begränsad roll de hade. Det ledde till att könsrollerna förstärktes under denna period.

The defence unit´s archive stretches over a time limit between the middle of 1971 to the end of 1987. The records the archive mainly contains are concerning the civil defence, inspection and construction of shelters, war- and crisis planning. The majority of the records are registered record, as often is the case with an authority’s archives. The main problems that occurred concerned what should or shouldn´t be public, the principle of provenance and what to prioritize; finish the project before deadline or make sure the records are prepared for a storage that ideally should last for several lifetimes.

The purpose of this study is to examine the use of off-site storage in the archival sector and how it impacts the public institutions’ work towards making the archives accessible for their users. Despite the ever-present technological advances and presumed digital future of archives the dependence on analogue records is still strong, leading to a recurring problem regarding lack of space in the archival depositories. To solve the problem archival institutions often turn to off-site storage solutions, where the terms and conditions vary, and often demands creative solutions to everyday archival problems. To answer the purpose of this study two types of off-site storage have been examined, where in one the archives use a staffed location and one where they use an unmanned location. By conducting interviews with archivists employed in organizations using these solutions the study aims to answer questions about 1) the challenges faced, 2) the solutions to said challenges, and 3) if there are any similarities or differences between the two aforementioned types of off-site storage. Employing the archival reference knowledge model developed by Duff, Yakel and Tibbo as a theoretical framework the study takes special aim at what abilities the archivists need and use to face the challenges presented by using off-site storage and to satisfy the needs of their users. The results conclude that although the main consequences of using off-site storage are loss of efficiency and time delays due to separated archives and unsatisfactory resources the archivists manage to keep their service levels moderate. They use the same tactics for acquiring collection knowledge in all aspects of the organization, and otherwise use each other’s’ knowledge to bridge the gaps. They make do with the given resources while balancing political and organizational objectives and juridical demands. This is a two years master’s thesis in Archival Science.

Denna uppsats har utformningen av ett utvecklingsarbete och presenterar en lektionsplanering för ett mindre tema som berör andra världskriget och Förintelsen. Planeringen är avsedd för elever i årskurs nio och behandlar de flyktingströmmar som nazisternas förtryck och folkfördrivningar skapade under andra världskriget. Syftet med vårt utvecklingsarbete är att eleverna, med hjälp av arkivmaterial, ska få möta verkliga människors berättelser, vilket betonas i kursplanerna i form av historiska berättelser. Vi anser att genom att arbeta med arkivmaterial förmedlas historisk kunskap samtidigt som olika förmågor hos eleverna utvecklas, vilka ligger till grund för att ett historiemedvetande ska kunna utvecklas. Utifrån det insamlade arkivmaterialet har vi tagit fram olika arbetsmetoder och dessa utgår från en teoretisk diskussion om hur elevers historiemedvetande kan utvecklas. Vi drar slutsatsen att vår planering kan komma att fungera som en del i att utveckla elevers historiemedvetande. Arbetet kan användas i sin helhet eller mindre delar, men även inom andra teman.