[pt] O Design de Exibições já é bem conhecido e aplicado em museus de arte de diversos países. No Brasil, sua prática em museus de arte se afirmou progressivamente nas últimas décadas. Sua classificação duvidosa como disciplina no Campo do Design e sua complexidade por envolver conhecimentos multidisciplinares faz com que seu ensino em universidades e em cursos de Design ainda não seja uma realidade comum no Rio de Janeiro, talvez no Brasil. Profissionais brasileiros que atuam na área aprendem com o exercício da prática e não com auxílio de uma teoria de base. A concepção e a montagem de exibições de arte exigem trabalho em equipes multidisciplinares. Enquanto esse fato possa trazer uma confluência positiva de conhecimentos variados, também pode gerar dúvidas quanto ao papel de cada categoria profissional envolvida, fazendo surgir possíveis conflitos dentro das equipes. Portanto, julga-se relevante descobrir qual o papel do designer nessa prática e o momento de sua participação. Finalmente, o Design de Exibições pode evidenciar objetos expostos em museus de arte por meio do emprego de narrativa e pelo recurso a cores, luzes, tecnologia, entre outros elementos. Também o Design de Exibições tem a possibilidade de tornar exibições de arte mais amigáveis aos visitantes, porém não se confirmou a hipótese de ser ele um facilitador para uma melhor compreensão do que venha a ser arte e seus conceitos por parte do público. / [en] Exhibition Design is already well established and applied in art museums in numerous countries. In Brazil, it was progressively practiced in art museums during the past decades. However, its teaching in universities and in design courses is still not a reality in Rio de Janeiro, and maybe in Brazil, due to its doubtful classification as a discipline within the Design Field and due to its complexity, involving multidisciplinary knowledge. Brazilian professionals working in the field learn through practice and are not supported by a theoretical base. The intricate process of elaborating an art exhibition requires multidisciplinary teams. While this fact can bring a positive confluence of varied knowledge, it can also create uncertainty regarding the role of each professional category involved, creating possible team conflicts. Therefore, it is deemed necessary to define the designer s role and the timing of his/ her participation. Finally, Exhibition Design can highlight objects exposed in art museums through narrative and the use of colour, light, technology, among other elements. Exhibition Design can also make art exhibitions more visitor friendly, but the hypothesis that it facilitates the public s better understanding of art and its concepts was not confirmed.

Depuis les années 1980-1990, au moment où on assiste, dans le monde de l’art contemporain globalisé, à une prolifération des biennales internationales d’art contemporain, le climat de compétition s’intensifie et l’univers des biennales se phénoménalise et s’homogénéise. Ce mémoire a pour but d’historiciser et de définir les biennales sous leur nature phénoménale afin d’identifier, parmi leur hétérogénéité, un dénominateur commun sous lequel il est possible de comparer ces institutions artistiques en toute légitimité. Le projet étudie ce point de comparaison défini selon les trois critères d’autoévaluation des biennales identifiés dans cette recherche : la globalisation, l’industrie culturelle et touristique, ainsi que l’événementiel et le spectaculaire. Ce mémoire présente comme étude de cas la Biennale de Montréal et son récent renouvèlement. Il fait le point sur la controverse y étant reliée à travers une analyse comparée de la nouvelle Biennale de Montréal et les grandes biennales internationales. / Since the 1980s and 1990s, back when Contemporary Art Biennials were quickly spreading in the Global Artworld, the climate of competition has been intensifying. The world of biennials is becoming more homogenous and more of a phenomenon each year. The current study’s purpose is to historicize and define the biennials according to their phenomenal nature in order to go beyond their heterogeneity and find a common denominator which would allow the comparison of such artistic institutions in a legitimate way. The project will study this point of comparison according to three areas of self-assessment identified for this purpose: globalization, the cultural and touristic industries as well as the entertainment industry. The case study for this research is Montreal’s biennial and its recent renewal. It will explore the controversy related to the subject by analysing and comparing the new Montreal Biennial to the great international biennials.

This thesis will examine the practice of relational aesthetics as it involves the viewer, as well as the way in which it plays out within and outside of the institutional setting of the museum. I will focus primarily on two unique projects: that of The Machine Project Field Guide at Los Angeles County Museum of Art on November 15, 2008, produced by Machine Project, a social project operated out of a storefront gallery in Echo Park; and David Michalek's Slow Dancing at the Lincoln Center Festival in New York City, July 12-29 2007.

The study unpacked the meaning and the value of intonjane in traditional Xhosa communities. It also provides a critical analysis and interpretation of the intonjane custom and in particular its impact on the upbringing of a Xhosa traditional girl child. It investigates the value of this practice, especially in relation to where it is still being performed, even in our modern times. I researched closely into all aspects of how the girls were brought up, and with what social values. The data collection has been conducted through interviews with the Philakukuzenzela group when they were in Grahamstown Art Festival in July 2011 who come from a place called Centuli, and other people (abaThembu) who practice and have knowledge of the different aspects of the intonjane process and observation during the actual ceremonies in O. R. Thambo district, and in Gemvale near Port St Johns in the Province of the Eastern Cape. Interviews were conducted in Xhosa and translated into English. This Visual Narrative investigates and contributes to the debate regarding the value of traditional African thought and how it can enrich our contemporary belief system. The objective was to investigate the essence and merit of the knowledge imparted by elderly women to young girls during the initiation period of intonjane within Xhosa traditional communities. This study provides a foundation and springboard for my practical artworks which utilized symbols and metaphors to express my understanding of the important events and stages associated with this traditional ceremony. Clay medium was used as the medium of expression, applying different techniques such as throwing, press mold, slab building, coiling, engraving, sewing and inlaying, with press mold being the main technique utilized. My artworks are of three different types, which are symbolic of the three aspects or stages, of liminality, namely: pre-liminal, liminal and post-liminal. / Art history, Visual arts and Musicology / M.A. (Visual Arts)

The dissertation examines the reception of Czech and European abstract art in Czechoslovakia in the 1920s and 1930s. It assumes that the Czechoslovak cultural milieu was unfavourable for abstract art at that time, yet various forms of its reception were occurring. Thus, the objective is to demonstrate and document opportunities for abstract art public presentation, related critical reactions and theoretical reflection. The reception history perspective followed in the dissertation deals with written sources, and focuses on relationship between viewers and abstract art and on handling particular artworks. Predominantly recipients such as theorists, art critics, editors, artists, and other participants in the arts sector are taken into consideration when exploring contemporaneous exhibiting, evaluation and interpretation of abstract art. The paper includes responses and attitudes to abstract painting and sculpture as well as to abstract photography, film and kinetic art.

In order to develop a program whereby people can be educated to appreciate and choose the best contemporary designs among the many textiles that are available, it is necessary to know which types of textiles, if any, among those designed in the modern manner, the public accepts, which it rejects, and the factors that influence selection. This study was made to discover those factors -- such as color, subject matter, and utility -- that determine popular choices in a representative group of well-designed modern printed textiles which were available on the Dallas market. The textiles were placed on public exhibition at the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts.

This thesis examines the role of aesthetic experience of the audience within art exhibitions and its influence on their exhibition making and curatorial decisions of art institutions. This is done by comparing the practices within two case institutions located in Stockholm -Moderna Museet, a public art museum and Bonniers Konsthall, a private art institution. The research questions for this study are: What strategies do Moderna Museet and Bonnier Konsthall use to understand the aesthetic experience of their audience? Do the current visitor surveys used in these institutions capture the aesthetic aspect of the visitor experience? How does this knowledge about the aesthetic experience of the visitor influence the curatorial decisions within the two museums? The material consists of visitor survey questionnaires used in both the institutions as well as interviews that were conducted with staff members of the two institutions. The material is examined using the aesthetic experience theory, in order to focus specifically on the aesthetic aspect of the total visitor experience.  The thesis groups the different strategies used within the two institutions in two categories of formal and informal strategies, based on the formality of their conduction. It further compares the practices of the two institutions in order to examine the difference in the perspective of public and private art museums towards their visitors. By eventually tracing how knowledge collected by the formal and informal strategies reinforces each other, the thesis draws a more complete picture of the role the aesthetic experience of the visitor plays within art institutions and their art exhibitions.

[ES] Esta tesis sondea los estereotipos y apropiaciones alrededor de la figura femenina en el arte, con énfasis en la pintura contemporánea occidental. La figura femenina se analiza desde la religión, la mitología y la literatura, pero también a través de la idea de una cultura sobreexcitada en lo tecnológico-publicitario y en lo estético, donde el cuerpo femenino ha sido constantemente provisto de un contenido erótico. Analizamos la manera como se ha enseñado "la figura humana" en general y "la figura femenina" en las academias de Bellas Artes desde el caso que conocemos en la ciudad de Bucaramanga. Revisamos las olas y corrientes feministas para aproximarnos a este piso conceptual, acercándonos también al feminismo en el contexto colombiano. Analizamos las posibilidades de apropiación como método creativo. Mostramos que estos estereotipos fueron protagonistas en las obras de muchos artistas del siglo XIX y la primera mitad del siglo XX, y que su origen se remonta a las mitologías, a las figuras bíblicas y a personajes literarios e históricos, entre otros. Indagamos en las formas de ver la figura femenina en el contexto sociocultural colombiano, primero abordando algunos estereotipos del ámbito local, y luego analizando un producto publicitario que se inserta en el cotidiano social y en la forma de percibir el cuerpo de la mujer como objeto de consumo en la publicidad cervecera. También nos aproximamos al tema "Mujer, paisaje y cultura, enfoques sobre la figura femenina", a través de la obra de tres artistas colombianos. En la última parte de la tesis, abordamos la proyección del dolor en la figura femenina a través de la aportación personal, primero, con algunos antecedentes en el entorno colombiano, luego, con algunas experiencias pictóricas acerca del dolor propio, recordando la muerte de Kelly Estefanía y otros duelos. Finalmente, damos cuenta del proceso y el resultado de comisariados y exposiciones hechas en Bucaramanga: la exposición individual Estereotipos femeninos, realizada en el Museo de Arte Moderno de Bucaramanga, el comisariado Iconografías femeninas, con artistas de España, México y Colombia, y el comisariado Mujeres en cuerpo y alma, con estudiantes, egresados y una profesora del programa de Artes Plásticas de la Universidad Industrial de Santander, estos últimos realizados en la Sala de exposiciones Macaregua de la UIS. La metodología de esta investigación se basa en técnicas cualitativas como las entrevistas, las revisiones y análisis de obras artísticas, y la actividad de inmersión y participación que brinda la tarea del comisariado y la exposición de obras propias. Por lo tanto, la metodología atenderá a la especificidad de las prácticas artísticas. Concluimos señalando la posición que asumen los artistas que participaron en los comisariados y las exposiciones Iconografías femeninas y Mujeres en cuerpo y alma sobre el tema de las mujeres, con una clarísima intención de asumir responsabilidades al elegir sus enfoques conceptuales y el modo de materializar las imágenes, objetos o acciones. También evidenciamos su convicción de que los asuntos de violencia de género, de igualdad de derechos y de narrativas autobiográficas son de interés mundial, y que apuntan al desmonte de estereotipos. / [CA] La tesi sondeja els estereotips i apropiacions al voltant de la figura femenina en l'art, amb èmfasi en la pintura contemporània occidental. La figura femenina s'analitza des de la religió, la mitologia i la literatura, però també a través de la idea d'una cultura sobre excitada en el tecnològic-publicitari i en l'estètic, on el cos femení ha sigut constantment, proveït d'un contingut eròtic. Ens situarem primer en una breu anàlisi sobre la manera com s'ha ensenyat "la figura humana" en general i "la figura femenina" en les acadèmies de Belles arts des del cas que coneixem a la ciutat de Bucaramanga. Revisarem les ones i corrents feministes per a tindre un reconeixement d'aquest pis conceptual, acostant- nos també al feminisme en el tapís colombià. Analitzem les possibilitats d'apropiació com a mètode creatiu. Veurem que aquests estereotips van ser protagonistes en les obres de molts artistes del segle XIX i la primera meitat del segle XX, i que el seu origen es remunta a les mitologies, a les figures bíbliques, i a personatges literaris i històrics, entre altres. D'altra banda, indaguem en les maneres de veure la figura femenina en el context soci cultural colombià, primer abordant alguns estereotips de l'àmbit local, i després analitzant un cas de producte publicitari que s'insereix en el quotidià social i en la manera de percebre el cos de la dona com a objecte de consum en la publicitat cervesera. Fem també una aproximació al tema "Dona, paisatge i cultura, enfocaments sobre la figura femenina", mitjançant l'obra de tres artistes colombians. En l'última part de la tesi, abordem la projecció del dolor en la figura femenina a través de l'aportació personal, primer amb alguns antecedents en l'entorn colombià, després amb algunes experiències pictòriques sobre el dolor propi recordant la mort de Kelly Estefanía, i altres pintures de duel. Finalment, donem compte del procés i el resultat de comissariats i exposicions que realitzem en Bucaramanga: l'exposició individual "Estereotips femenins", realitzada en el Museu d'Art Modern de Bucaramanga, el comissariat "Iconografies femenines", amb artistes d'Espanya, Mèxic i Colòmbia, i el comissariat "Dones en cos i ànima", amb estudiants, egressats i una professora del programa d'Arts Plàstiques de la Universitat Industrial de Santander, aquests últims realitzats a la Sala d'exposicions Macaregua de la UIS. La metodologia d'aquesta investigació es basa en tècniques qualitatives com les entrevistes, les revisions i anàlisis d'obres artístiques, i l'activitat d'immersió i participació que brinda la tasca del comissariat i l'exposició d'obres pròpies. Per tant, la metodologia atendrà l'especificitat de les pràctiques artístiques. Es conclou assenyalant la manera com els artistes que van participar en els comissariats i les exposicions Iconografies femenines i Dones en cos i ànima prenen posició en les seues obres sobre el tema de les dones, amb una claríssima intenció d'assumir responsabilitats en triar els seus enfocaments conceptuals i la manera de materialitzar les imatges, objectes o accions. També s'evidencia la seua convicció que els assumptes de violència de gènere, d'igualtat de drets i de narratives autobiogràfiques són d'interés mundial, i que apunten al desmunt d'estereotips. / [EN] The thesis probes stereotypes and appropriations around the female figure in art, with emphasis on contemporary Western painting. The female figure is analyzed from religion, mythology and literature, but also through the idea of an overexcited culture in technology-advertising and aesthetics, where the female body has been constantly, provided with an erotic content. We will first place ourselves in a brief analysis of the way in which "the human figure" in general, and "the female figure", has been taught in the academies of Fine Arts from the case that we know in the city of Bucaramanga. We will review the feminist waves and currents to have a recognition of this conceptual floor, also approaching feminism in the Colombian tapestry. We analyze the possibilities of appropriation as a creative method. We will see that these stereotypes were protagonists in the works of many artists of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, and that their origin dates back to mythologies, biblical figures, and literary and historical figures, among others, and that their origin dates back to mythologies, biblical figures, and literary and historical figures, among others. We investigate the ways of seeing the female figure in the Colombian sociocultural context, first addressing some stereotypes of the local sphere, and then analyzing a case of an advertising product that is inserted in the social daily life and in the way of perceiving the body of women as an object of consumption in beer advertising. We also make an approach to the theme "Women, landscape and culture, approaches to the female figure", through the work of three Colombian artists. In the last part of the thesis, we address the projection of pain in the female figure through personal contribution, first with some antecedents in the Colombian environment, then with some pictorial experiences about one's own pain, remembering the death of Kelly Estefania, and other paintings of mourning. Finally, we account for the process and result of curatorships and exhibitions that we carry out in Bucaramanga: the solo exhibition "Female Stereotypes", held at the Museum of Modern Art in Bucaramanga, the curatorship "Feminine Iconographies", with artists from Spain, Mexico and Colombia, and the curatorship "Women in Body and Soul", with students, graduates and a professor from the Plastic Arts program of the Industrial University of Santander, the latter held in the Macaregua Exhibition Hall of the UIS. The methodology of this research is based on qualitative techniques such as interviews, reviews and analysis of artistic works, and the immersion and participation activity offered by the task of curating and exhibiting one's own works. Therefore, the methodology will attend to the specificity of artistic practices. It concludes by pointing out the way in which the artists who participated in the curatorships and the exhibitions "Feminine iconographies" and "Women in body and soul" take a position in their works on the subject of women, with a very clear intention of assuming responsibilities when choosing their conceptual approaches and the way of materializing images, objects or actions. Their conviction is also evidenced that issues of gender violence, equal rights and autobiographical narratives are of global interest, and that they point to the dismantling of stereotypes. / Toloza Hernández, JG. (2022). Apropiaciones y usos de la figura femenina en la pintura contemporánea. Un estudio a partir de pinturas y muestras propias [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/181950

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