Orientador: Eleonora Cavalcante Albano / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T00:01:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Meneses_Francisco_M.pdf: 3600241 bytes, checksum: 3773bdafbef97346d85bb068f8bd4a65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Este trabalho examina o processo de produção de vogais desvozeadas no português brasileiro (doravante PB). O objetivo é, a partir de uma visão de cunho dinâmico, mostrar que há, no sinal das chamadas sílabas desvozeadas, rastros da vogal que impossibilitam uma hipótese de síncope vocálica. Além disso, busca-se uma síntese teórica das pistas acústicas encontradas a fim de relacioná-las à articulação das vogais desvozeadas. Para tanto, uma análise acústico-articulatória foi realizada a partir da gravação da leitura de frases-veículos. As leituras das frases foram realizadas por seis sujeitos do sexo feminino, naturais de Vitória da Conquista - BA, sem queixas de fala ou audição. As gravações foram realizadas em uma cabine acústica, por meio de gravador digital. A análise instrumental foi realizada por meio do software PRAAT. Foram obtidas as medidas de duração da sílaba e do ruído fricativo, as medidas do centroide do ruído e os valores da Razão de centralização formântica (doravante FCR) e a Área de espaço vocálico (doravante VSA) das vogais em contexto de desvozeamento. Os resultados encontrados mostram que há um gradiente de desvozeamento manifestado de três maneiras: as medidas de duração, assim como as medidas do primeiro momento espectral, mostraram que pistas remanescentes do gesto vocálico permanecem no ruído das fricativas; os dados de FCR e VSA mostram que as vogais sofrem uma grande redução da magnitude em contexto de desvozeamento. Os resultados apontam para um efeito de sobreposição de gestos, em detrimento de uma síncope vocálica. Essa hipótese não caberia em descrições fonológicas tradicionais, as quais, em geral, lidam com operações simbólicas. O fenômeno em estudo pode, então, ser iluminado pela Fonologia Gestual (BROWMAN E GOLDSTEIN, 1992; BALL E KENT, 1997; ALBANO, 2001), a qual, em relação à representação tradicional, é capaz de expressar realizações gradientes, pois incorpora com sucesso os fatores tempo e magnitude, diretamente relacionados à ideia de movimento dos articuladores / Abstract: This paper examines the production of devoiced vowels in Brazilian Portuguese. The goal is to depart from a dynamic view to show that there are vowel traces in the signal of devoiced syllables, a fact which weakens the hypothesis of vowel syncope. In addition, we seek a theoretical synthesis of the acoustic cues found in order to relate them to devoiced vowel articulation. To this end, an acoustic-articulatory analysis was performed from the recording of read carrier sentences. The sentences were read by six female subjects, from Vitória da Conquista - BA, without speech or hearing problems. The recordings were performed in an acoustic booth, using a digital recorder. The instrumental analysis was performed using the PRAAT software. The following measurements were made: the duration of the syllable and its fricative noise, the centroid of the noise and the values of formant centralization ratio (FCR) and vowel space area (VSA) of vowels in devoicing context. The results show that there is gradient devoicing manifested in three ways: both the duration measurements and the first spectral moment measures showed that the vowel gesture cues remain in fricative noise signal; FCR and VSA data show that vowels undergo great magnitude reduction in the devoicing context. The results indicate an effect of overlapping gestures, rather than vowel syncope. This hypothesis would not fit into traditional phonological descriptions, which usually deal with symbolic operations. The phenomenon under study can thus then be illuminated by Gestural Phonology (BROWMAN AND GOLDSTEIN, 1992; BALL AND KENT, 1997; ALBANO, 2001), which, as opposed to traditional representation, is able to express gradients, as it incorporates successfully the factors of timing and magnitude, directly related to the idea of articulator movement / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

Le bribri est une langue chibcha parlée au Costa Rica (Amérique Centrale). Les langues chibcha représentent la principale famille de l’Aire Intermédiaire (Constenla 1991), qui relie la Mesoamérique aux zones amazonienne et andine. Ce sont cependant toutes des langues en danger, encore relativement peu décrites.Cette thèse est une analyse de la phonologie du bribri (Schlabach 1974 ; Wilson 1974 ; Constenla 1981 ; Jara 2004), problématisée autour de ses caractéristiques typologiques :(i) Le système nasal : le bribri fait partie des rares langues du monde dans lesquelles la nasalité n’est pas distinctive pour les consonnes. Les consonnes nasales présentes dans l’output sont le résultat d’harmonies nasales (Cohn 1993 ; Walker 1998, 2001) et d’hypervoisement par abaissement du voile du palais (Iverson & Salmons 1996 ; Solé 2009). Alors que le premier processus avait en partie été décrit pour le bribri (Wilson 1970 ; Constenla 1982, 1985 ; Tohsaku 1987), le second n’avait pas encore été identifié.(ii) La consonne /tk/ : une unité distinctive, combinant deux lieux, sans pour autant être une consonne doublement articulée, contrairement à ce qui avait précédemment été décrit (Lehmann 1920 ; Schlabach 1974 ; Wilson 1974 ; Constenla 1981 ; Jara 2004). Je propose de l’analyser comme une géminée modulée (contour segment, Sagey 1990).La présente étude s’inscrit dans la lignée des travaux qui considèrent que les structures phonologiques doivent être expliquées par des contraintes phonétiques, comme les travaux précurseurs d’Ohala (1975, 1981, 1983). J’utilise plus particulièrement le modèle de la Phonologie Articulatoire (Browman & Goldstein 1986, 1989). Les analyses s’appuient sur des données acoustiques, récoltées dans deux communautés bribri entre 2012 et 2014 (Bajo Coen - Coroma et Amubre).En plus d’une démarche typologique et phonétique, j’adopte une approche dialectale et diachronique, afin de mieux appréhender le système phonologique de la langue. / Bribri is a Chibchan language spoken in Costa Rica (Central America). Chibchan languages form the main family of the Intermediate Area (Constenla 1991), which links Mesoamerica to the Amazonian and the Andean regions. All of them are endangered and are still under described.This dissertation provides an analysis of Bribri phonology (Schlabach 1974; Wilson 1974; Constenla 1981; Jara 2004) problematized according to its typological characteristics:(i) The nasal system: Bribri is among the few languages in the world to lack distinctive nasal consonants. The nasal consonants present in the output result from nasal harmony (Cohn 1993; Walker 1998, 2001) and hypervoicing through velopharyngeal opening (Iverson & Salmons 1996; Solé 2009). While the first process has been partially described for Bribri (Wilson 1970; Constenla 1982, 1985; Tohsaku 1987), the second has not been individuated in the language.(ii) The consonant /tk/: the consonant /tk/ is a distinctive unit which combines two places of articulation. Contrary to what has been previously described (Lehmann 1920; Schlabach 1974; Wilson 1974; Constenla 1981; Jara 2004), it is not a doubly articulated consonant. I propose to analyse it as a contour geminate consonant (based on the concept of contour segment, Sagey 1990).Following Ohala’s pioneering work (1975, 1981, 1983), this work is based on the assumption that phonological structures must be explained by phonetic constraints. More specifically, I use the Articulatory Phonology frame (Browman & Goldstein 1986, 1989). The analysis is based on acoustic data collected among two Bribri communities, between 2012 and 2014 (Bajo Coen - Coroma and Amubre).Along the typological and phonetic approach, I have adopted a dialectal and diachronical point of view to better capture the phonological system of the language.

Le bégaiement est un trouble de la fluence de la parole qui se caractérise, entre autres, par une présence accrue d’accidents de parole venant entraver l’intelligibilité de l’énoncé. Ce travail de doctorat a pour objectif d’étudier les disfluences catégorisées comme pathologiques produites par des locuteurs qui bégaient et ce, en tâche de lecture et en situation de parole spontanée. Plus précisément, il s’agit, d’une part, de vérifier si des éléments morphologiques et phonétiques peuvent expliquer l’apparition d’un bégayage et, d’autre part, d’observer les événements articulatoires présents avant et pendant les disfluences. Pour mener à bien les études ayant trait aux éléments linguistiques posant le plus de difficultés aux personnes qui bégaient, 10 locuteurs francophones et 10 locuteurs slovacophones, tous atteints de ce trouble, ont été enregistrés en train de lire un texte et de parler spontanément dans leur langue maternelle. Quant aux travaux portant sur les événements moteurs se déroulant avant et durant les disfluences, ils ont été réalisés grâce à des données EMA acquises auprès de 4 locuteurs francophones (2 locuteurs qui bégaient et 2 sujets normo-fluents) en tâche de lecture. Nos résultats ont montré que les consonnes non-voisées et les occlusives faisaient partie des éléments les plus problématiques à prononcer pour les personnes bègues. L’étude morphologique a révélé que plus un mot contient de morphèmes et plus le risque de voir apparaître une disfluence est accru. Ce résultat doit notamment être mis en corrélation avec le nombre de syllabes présentes dans le mot. En ce qui concerne le second couple d’études, portant sur le niveau moteur de la parole bègue, nos données montrent, en particulier, des similitudes dans les événements articulatoires se déroulant au niveau supra-glottique entre les disfluences perçues acoustiquement comme des blocages et des prolongations. Enfin, une perturbation des gestes coarticulatoires a pu être relevée lors de la production de certaines disfluences. / Stuttering is a speech fluency disorder. It can be mainly characterized by an increased presence of disfluencies that affect the speech intelligibility. The aim of this thesis is to study stuttering-like disfluencies (SLDs) produced by persons who stutter (PWS) during reading tasks and during spontaneous speech. More specifically, we propose, as our first objective, to verify if any morphological or phonetic elements can explain the presence of these disfluencies. Our second objective is to observe articulatory events before and during SLDs. For the studies dealing with the linguistic and phonetic elements that can be problematic to PWS, 10 French-speaking and 10 Slovak-speaking PWS were recorded while reading a text and while having a conversation in their mother tongue. The studies on speech motor events taking place before and during SLDs were realized by means of an EMA. 4 French-speaking subjects participated in this part of the study (2 PWS and 2 control subjects). Our results show that non-voiced consonants and stops were part of the most problematic elements to produce for PWS. The morphological study reveals that the risk of a SLD appearance was higher when the word contained more morphemes. This result should be correlated to the number of syllables that constitute the word. As for the second couple of studies, they focus on the speech motor events in stuttered speech. Our data show that similar articulatory events can take place in the supraglottic cavity during disfluencies perceived as blocks or prolongations. Furthermore, a disruption of coarticulatory gestures was observed in certain disfluencies.

Les ruminations mentales sont majoritairement exprimées sous forme verbale et il a été proposé de les considérer, par conséquent, comme une forme dysfonctionnelle de parole intérieure (i.e., production mentale de parole). D’autre part, les recherches sur la psychophysiologie de la parole intérieure ont révélé que les processus neuronaux impliqués dans la parole à voix haute et dans la parole intérieure sont similaires. Ces observations sont cohérentes avec l’idée que certaines formes de parole intérieure pourraient être considérées comme une forme de simulation de la parole à voix haute, de la même manière que certaines actions imaginées peuvent être considérées comme le résultat d’une simulation de l’action correspondante (par exemple, marcher et s’imaginer en train de marcher). En d’autres termes, l’hypothèse de la simulation motrice suggère que le système moteur de la parole devrait également être impliqué lors de la production de parole intérieure. L’hypothèse corollaire peut être formulée, selon laquelle la production de parole intérieure (et de ruminations) devrait être perturbée par une perturbation du système moteur de la parole. Nous avons mené une série de cinq études visant à sonder le rôle du système moteur de la parole dans les ruminations. Dans l’ensemble, nos résultats soulignent que, bien que la rumination verbale puisse être considérée comme une forme de parole intérieure, elle ne semble pas recruter spécifiquement le système moteur de la parole. Plus précisément, nous soutenons que la rumination peut être considérée comme une forme de parole intérieure particulièrement condensée, qui s’exprimerait sous la forme d’une représentation phonologique, et dont les traits articulatoires ne seraient pas complètements spécifiés. Nous faisons le lien entre ces résultats et l’hypothèse théorique du cadre “habitude-but” de la rumination dépressive et nous discutons de leurs implications pour les théories de la production de parole intérieure. / Rumination is known to be a predominantly verbal process and has been proposed to be considered as such as a dysfunctional form of inner speech (i.e., the silent production of words in one’s mind). On the other hand, research on the psychophysiology of inner speech revealed that the neural processes involved in overt and covert speech tend to be very similar. This is coherent with the idea that some forms of inner speech could be considered as a kind of simulation of overt speech, in the same way as imagined actions can be considered as the result of a simulation of the corresponding overt action (e.g., walking and imagined walking). In other words, the motor simulation hypothesis suggests that the speech motor system should be involved as well during inner speech production. The corollary hypothesis might be drawn, according to which the production of inner speech (and rumination) should be disrupted by a disruption of the speech motor system. We conducted a series of five studies aiming to probe the role of the speech motor system in rumination. Overall, our results highlight that although verbal rumination may be considered as a form of inner speech, it might not specifically involve the speech motor system. More precisely, we argue that rumination might be considered as a particularly strongly condensed form of inner speech that does not systematically involve fully specified articulatory features. We discuss these findings in relation to the habit-goal framework of depressive rumination and we discuss the implications of these findings for theories of inner speech production.

The purpose of this study was to compare changes in acoustic and kinematic measures of articulation across soft, comfortable, and loud speech conditions. There were 19 participants, 9 male and 10 female, with age ranging from 20 to 34 with a median age of 25. Each participant had electromagnetic sensors glued to their tongue, jaw, and lips. It was anticipated that the acoustic measures would accurately reflect the kinematic measures of speech as articulation changed across the intensity levels. Vowel space area (VSA) and vowel articulation index (VAI) were computed from the three corner vowels, /α, i, u/. Articulatory-acoustic vowel space (AAVS), a sentence-level acoustic measure, was computed from the continuous formant histories for all voiced segments in a sentence. Kinematic-vowel space area (KVSA), kinematic-vowel articulation index (KVAI), and articulatory-kinematic vowel space (AKVS) were the kinematic equivalents of the acoustic measures, and were newly developed for the present study. Stroke metrics based on the speed history of the lingual movements were also used to reveal average kinematic features of the articulatory gestures in each participant's speech. The data revealed that the isolated acoustic and kinematic measures that used corner vowels (VSA, VAI. KVSA, KVAI) did not change significantly with intensity. The sentence-level continuous measures of articulatory working space (AAVS and AKVS) increased as speech intensity increased. The other sentence-level kinematic metrics also changed significantly with speech intensity, including increases in hull volume, onset speed, peak speed, mean speed, and distance. Stroke duration decreased as speech intensity increased. These findings suggest that measures based on isolated corner vowels are not as reflective as continuous measures of changes in articulatory movement in speech.

Esta pesquisa faz parte de um projeto que visa verificar a existência de variação linguística relacionada à orientação sexual do surdo sinalizante. Neste trabalho são apresentados os dois primeiros estudos que compõem o projeto: criação de um corpus linguístico com registro de sinalização de surdos gays e heterossexuais obtidos por sistema de captura de movimentos e análise da percepção linguística de surdos e ouvintes fluentes em libras (língua brasileira de sinais) sobre estímulos construídos com o mesmo sistema. O terceiro e último estudo será realizado futuramente por meio da análise dos dados coletados no primeiro estudo. A criação do corpus linguístico se baseou no modelo de descrição articulatória proposto por Barbosa, Temoteo e Rizzo (2015) e na análise goniométrica método utilizado para medir os ângulos articulares do corpo , e consistiu na coleta de informações sobre os ângulos formados pelos cinco movimentos realizados pelos articuladores braço e antebraço (abdução horizontal do braço, abdução vertical do braço, rotação do braço, rotação do antebraço e flexão do cotovelo), tomando como base os recursos do sistema de captura de movimentos. As informações geradas pelo sistema de captura de movimentos forneceram dados para comparação e análise das variações dos ângulos formados na produção de sinais dos surdos gays e heterossexuais. O estudo de percepção foi realizado por meio da aplicação de questionários com o objetivo de verificar a percepção dos participantes em relação à feminilidade e à orientação sexual do surdo sinalizante e à qualidade da transmissão da mensagem. Os resultados do estudo de percepção apontaram que os surdos gays foram percebidos como mais femininos que os surdos heterossexuais e que não houve diferença significativa na percepção da orientação sexual (gay) entre os surdos gays e heterossexuais. / This research is part of a project that aims to verify the existence of linguistic variation related to deaf peoples sexual orientation. In this work the first two studies that compose the project were presented: the creation of a linguistic corpus with gay and heterosexual deaf signaling obtained by motion capture system and the analysis of the linguistic perception of deaf and hearing people fluent in Libras (Brazilian Sign Language) on the stimuli built with the same system. The third and last study will be performed through the analysis of the data collected in the first study. The creation of the linguistic corpus was based on the model of articulatory description proposed by Barbosa, Temoteo e Rizzo (2015) and in the goniometric analysis method used to measure the articular angles of the body and it consisted in collecting information about the angles formed by the five movements performed by the articulators arm and forearm (horizontal abduction of the arm, vertical abduction of the arm, rotation of the arm, rotation of the forearm and elbow flexion), based on the resources of the motion capture system. The information generated by the motion capture system provided data to compare and analyze the angles variation formed in the production of signs by gay and heterosexual deaf men. The perception study was carried out through the application of questionnaires that aimed to test the participants\' perception regarding the femininity and the sexual orientation of the deaf signer and the quality of message transmission. The results of the perception study indicated that deaf gay men were perceived as more feminine than heterosexual deaf men and that there was no significant difference in the perception of gay sexual orientation among gay and heterosexual deaf men.

Esta pesquisa faz parte de um projeto que visa verificar a existência de variação linguística relacionada à orientação sexual do surdo sinalizante. Neste trabalho são apresentados os dois primeiros estudos que compõem o projeto: criação de um corpus linguístico com registro de sinalização de surdos gays e heterossexuais obtidos por sistema de captura de movimentos e análise da percepção linguística de surdos e ouvintes fluentes em libras (língua brasileira de sinais) sobre estímulos construídos com o mesmo sistema. O terceiro e último estudo será realizado futuramente por meio da análise dos dados coletados no primeiro estudo. A criação do corpus linguístico se baseou no modelo de descrição articulatória proposto por Barbosa, Temoteo e Rizzo (2015) e na análise goniométrica método utilizado para medir os ângulos articulares do corpo , e consistiu na coleta de informações sobre os ângulos formados pelos cinco movimentos realizados pelos articuladores braço e antebraço (abdução horizontal do braço, abdução vertical do braço, rotação do braço, rotação do antebraço e flexão do cotovelo), tomando como base os recursos do sistema de captura de movimentos. As informações geradas pelo sistema de captura de movimentos forneceram dados para comparação e análise das variações dos ângulos formados na produção de sinais dos surdos gays e heterossexuais. O estudo de percepção foi realizado por meio da aplicação de questionários com o objetivo de verificar a percepção dos participantes em relação à feminilidade e à orientação sexual do surdo sinalizante e à qualidade da transmissão da mensagem. Os resultados do estudo de percepção apontaram que os surdos gays foram percebidos como mais femininos que os surdos heterossexuais e que não houve diferença significativa na percepção da orientação sexual (gay) entre os surdos gays e heterossexuais. / This research is part of a project that aims to verify the existence of linguistic variation related to deaf peoples sexual orientation. In this work the first two studies that compose the project were presented: the creation of a linguistic corpus with gay and heterosexual deaf signaling obtained by motion capture system and the analysis of the linguistic perception of deaf and hearing people fluent in Libras (Brazilian Sign Language) on the stimuli built with the same system. The third and last study will be performed through the analysis of the data collected in the first study. The creation of the linguistic corpus was based on the model of articulatory description proposed by Barbosa, Temoteo e Rizzo (2015) and in the goniometric analysis method used to measure the articular angles of the body and it consisted in collecting information about the angles formed by the five movements performed by the articulators arm and forearm (horizontal abduction of the arm, vertical abduction of the arm, rotation of the arm, rotation of the forearm and elbow flexion), based on the resources of the motion capture system. The information generated by the motion capture system provided data to compare and analyze the angles variation formed in the production of signs by gay and heterosexual deaf men. The perception study was carried out through the application of questionnaires that aimed to test the participants\' perception regarding the femininity and the sexual orientation of the deaf signer and the quality of message transmission. The results of the perception study indicated that deaf gay men were perceived as more feminine than heterosexual deaf men and that there was no significant difference in the perception of gay sexual orientation among gay and heterosexual deaf men.

Stops are one of the most common sounds across languages of the world. Among these pervasive sounds, ejectives form a unique group that is distinguishable from other types of stops. Their particular mechanism of articulation, such as larynx raising and unusually high oral pressure, separates them from the others. More interestingly, a listener perceives them differently and makes a distinction from non-ejective, or pulmonic, stops. What is it that we perceive when hearing ejectives? Do we perceive certain acoustic cues or auditory qualities that are part of their distinctive phonetic nature? Are these phonetic characteristics always distinctive? In other words, is our perception of the ejectives always consistent without any variation at the phonetic level? Motivated by these questions and from my recent exposure to Tsilhqut’in ejectives, I set out to pursue a phonetic investigation of these intriguing sounds. The present study is composed of two main analyses. One is an acoustic analysis that instrumentally examines a dataset of ejective and non-ejective stops in the Tsilhqut’in language with respect to acoustic dimensions such as Voice Onset Time (VOT) in order to compare all the stop classes in terms of their acoustic properties. Such a comparison helps to phonetically characterize the ejectives within the language. The acoustic measures also enable us to compare the characteristics of Tsilhqut’in ejectives with those in other languages, based on previously reported acoustic correlates. In order to determine the characteristics of ejectives across languages, Tsilhqut’in ejectives were compared with ejectives in different languages (e.g., Inguish). The other analysis is auditory, whereby I have examined how I perceived a subset of the ejectives taken out of the whole dataset and compared my auditory judgments with the acoustic measurements in order to find any correlation between results from the two analyses. The findings of the study indicate that Tsilhqut’in ejectives do not follow a traditional binary typology of ejectives. That is, they are neither strong nor weak, as is often claimed in the literature. They are congruent with what recent studies (e.g., Warner 1996) have found of ejectives in other languages – phonetic variability. This means that the dichotomy cannot account for the variability in ejectives at the phonetic level and that an optimal way of classifying ejectives across languages still awaits discovery. To the best of my knowledge, no other phonetic study has been conducted on Tsilhqut’in ejectives prior to the current study. Moreover, there has been little research or documentation carried out on any other phonetic aspects or sounds of this Athabaskan language. I expect that this instrumental study will contribute to the field of linguistics by adding new phonetic knowledge about such a rarely studied language, and I also expect the present study to play a role in the understanding of language learning and of language revitalization around the world.

Ce travail se focalise sur le parler du tarifit de la province de Nador, afin d’étudier la gémination dans cette variante du berbère, parlée au Maroc. Il s’agit d’une investigation articulatoire cinéradiographique et acoustique. Un aperçu général du système phonologique du tarifit est proposé. Dans la revue critique de l’état de la question, nous avons tenté, d’abord, de montrer les différents arguments relatifs à la représentation des géminées en un seul segment ou en une suite de deux segments. Nous avons ensuite évoqué les débats contradictoires sur les notions de tension et de gémination. Notre recherche est conduite dans le cadre du paradigme de la perturbation et des réajustements, en variant la vitesse d’élocution. Les résultats principaux dans le domaine acoustique montrent, pour toutes les consonnes, simples et géminées, produites en vitesse d'élocution normale ou rapide, que la durée de la tenue consonantique est l’indice principal qui permet de les distinguer. Au niveau articulatoire, l’étude du timing des paramètres articulatoires indique, entre autres, que c’est le contact apical, vélaire et uvulaire, plus long pour la géminée, qui est le paramètre préférentiel de la distinction phonologique simple vs. géminée. L’analyse des vues de profil donne les résultats suivants en ce qui concerne l’étendue de contact (mm) : a) l’étendue de contact des occlusives est systématiquement plus importante pour les géminées que pour les simples ; b) l’étendue de contact augmente de la consonne apical, au vélaire (réalisée plutôt palatale), puis à l’uvulaire. Les résultats sont discutés en termes de relations articulatori - acoustiques. / This work focuses on tarifit of the provinces of Nador, in order to study gemination in this variant of Berber spoken in Morocco. This is an acoustic and articulatory X-ray investigation. A general overview of the tarifit phonological system is proposed. In a critical review of the literature, we tried, first, to show the different arguments concerning representation of geminates as one or as a sequence of two segments. We then discussed the contradictory debates on the concepts of tension and gemination. Our research is carried out within the perturbation and readjustments paradigm, by varying speech rates. Main results in the acoustic domain show for all consonants, singletons and geminates, produced in normal or fast speech, that consonantal closure is the main cue that allows distinguishing them. On the articulatory level, the study of the timing of articulatory parameters indicates, among other things, that it is the apical, velar and uvular contact, longer for geminates, which is the preferred parameter of the singleton vs. geminate phonological distinction. Analysis of profile views gives the following results regarding contact extent (mm) : a) contact extent for plosives are systematically larger for geminates than for singletons ; b) contact extent increases as one goes from the apical consonant to the velar (rather palatal) consonant, then to the uvular consonant. Results are discussed in terms of articulatory - acoustic relations.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese- Gisélia Brito dos Santos - 2013.pdf: 4152384 bytes, checksum: 0d7d314119a6b433c433012852e4d3ab (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-05 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This Thesis presents an acoustic-phonetic analysis of the oral and nasal vowels of Brazilian Portuguese, specifically those of the speech community of Fortaleza dos Nogueiras, Maranhão and European Portuguese, in some speech data from the region of Lisbon, Portugal. The theoretical foundation is sustained on the postulates of Camara Jr. (1970 ), Mateus (1982), de Morais Barbosa (1994) and Moraes and Wetzels (1992), concerning nasality in Portuguese, especially in Brazilian Portuguese. The theoretical framework of Acoustic Phonetics is composed mainly by the work of Ladefoged (2003, 2006 and 2007), Ladefoged, Johnson (2008), Mateus et al. (2005), Delgado-Martins (1988), Morais Barbosa (1994), Malmberg (1998), Medeiros (2007), Medeiros et al. (2008) and Sousa, E. (1994). The informants used as subjects in this research, both Brazilian and Portuguese, are people with low education, low turnover, 50 years of age or older. The Brazilian informants were born and lived most of their lives in rural Fortaleza dos Nogueiras; the Portuguese live in the outskirts of Lisbon. The speech data in Brazil are a result of our field research conducted in 2011. The data from Portugal were provided by the Instituto de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa and form part of the speech collection of ALEPG (Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Portugal and Galicia). The acoustic-phonetic analysis of the data is made through the program of Speech Station by Sensimetrics for visualization of expectograms and to extract measurements of F1 and F2. We present the values of formants 1 and 2 of the oral and nasal vowels and these are compared in order to show what happens with the nasal vowel in relation to the corresponding oral; we highlight the acoustical characteristics of oral and nasal vowels; we show the articulatory triangle of vowels of the informants of the research highlighting the contours the vowels assume in articulation and the frequency bands in which each vowel stands. Finally, we carry out a comparative investigation of oral and nasal vowels in these two varieties of Portuguese. / Este trabalho apresenta uma análise fonético-acústica das vogais orais e nasais do português brasileiro, mais especificamente da comunidade de fala de Fortaleza dos Nogueiras, Maranhão e do português europeu, em alguns dados de fala da região de Lisboa, Portugal. O embasamento teórico pauta-se nos postulados de Camara Jr. (1970), de Mateus (1982), de Morais Barbosa (1994) e de Moraes e Wetzels (1992), acerca da nasalidade na língua portuguesa, especialmente, no português brasileiro. O referencial teórico de Fonética Acústica compõe-se, principalmente, pelos trabalhos de Ladefoged (2003, 2006 e 2007), Ladefoged; Jonhson (2008), Mateus et al. (2005), Delgado-Martins (1988), Morais Barbosa (1994), Malmberg (1998), Medeiros (2007), Medeiros et al. (2008) e Sousa, E. (1994). Os informantes sujeitos desta pesquisa, tanto brasileiros como portugueses, são pessoas com baixa escolaridade, baixa rotatividade, que têm a partir de 50 anos de idade. Os brasileiros nasceram e viveram a maior parte de suas vidas na zona rural de Fortaleza dos Nogueiras; os portugueses são moradores do entorno de Lisboa. Os dados de fala do Brasil são resultado de nossa pesquisa de campo realizada em 2011. Os de Portugal foram-nos cedidos pelo Instituto de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa e fazem parte do acervo de fala do ALEPG (Atlas Linguístico e Etnográfico de Portugal e da Galiza). A análise fonético-acústica dos dados é feita por meio do programa Speech Station da Sensimetrics, para a visualização dos expectogramas e para a extração das medidas de F1 e de F2. Apresentam-se os valores dos formantes 1 e 2 das vogais orais e nasais e estes são comparados com o intuito de mostrar o que acontece com a vogal nasal em relação à correspondente oral; evidenciam-se quais as características acústicas das vogais orais e nasais; apresenta-se o triângulo articulatório das vogais desses informantes da pesquisa com evidência para os contornos que elas assumem na articulação e para as faixas de frequência em que cada vogal se posiciona. Por fim, realiza-se uma investigação comparativa das vogais orais e nasais nessas duas variedades da língua portuguesa.