A prevalência de crianças com atrasos no desenvolvimento em um ou mais domínios varia entre 16 e 18% na literatura, mas estima-se que apenas 30% dos casos são detectados pelos profissionais de saúde. Em parte, este déficit na detecção se deve à falta de utilização de instrumentos de avaliação ou rastreio. No contexto brasileiro são poucos os instrumentos disponíveis para avaliar desenvolvimento infantil e, além disso, os que existem apresentam limitações. A presente tese teve como objetivo construir o Inventário Dimensional de Avaliação do Desenvolvimento Infantil (IDADI) para avaliação de crianças de zero a 72 meses com base no relato parental. Para a construção do IDADI, foram realizados três estudos. O Estudo I consistiu em uma revisão sistemática da literatura para identificar os instrumentos mais utilizados na avaliação dos marcos do desenvolvimento infantil e suas propriedades psicométricas. Ele forneceu as bases para a seleção dos domínios que integram o IDADI e para a construção de itens. O Estudo II realizou os procedimentos teóricos e metodológicos de construção do IDADI e a análise de evidências de validade de conteúdo. O Estudo III analisou as evidências de validade da estrutura interna do IDADI, a fidedignidade e as evidências de validade baseadas na relação com variáveis critério. Foram utilizados pressupostos da Teoria Clássica dos Testes e da psicometria moderna com a aplicação do modelo de Rasch. O processo de construção foi guiado com o rigor teórico e metodológico indicado pela literatura e apresentou evidências favoráveis de validade de conteúdo. Também foram comprovadas evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna, na relação com variáveis critério e de fidedignidade. Estes resultados fortalecem o potencial do IDADI para avaliação multidimensional do desenvolvimento infantil no contexto brasileiro, tanto na clínica como na pesquisa. Estudos futuros serão realizados para elaboração de normas de interpretação, de um inventário breve para utilização em programas de atenção infantil e de uma versão de tarefas para avaliação direta da criança. / The prevalence of children with developmental delays in one or more domains varies between 16 and 18% according to the literature, but it is estimated that only 30% of cases are detected by health professionals. In part, this deficit in detection is due to the lack of use of assessment or screening instruments. In the Brazilian context, there are few instruments available to evaluate child development, and, in addition, those that exist have some limitations. The purpose of this dissertation was to construct the Dimensional Inventory of Child Development Assessment (IDADI) to evaluate children from zero to 72 months based on parental report. For the construction of IDADI, three studies were carried out. Study I consisted of a systematic review of the literature to identify the most used instruments in assessing child developmental milestones and their psychometric properties. It has provided the basis for the selection of the domains that integrate IDADI and for the items construction. Study II have performed the theoretical and methodological procedures for the construction of IDADI and the analysis of content validity evidences. Study III have analyzed the evidences of validity for the internal structure of IDADI, reliability and validity evidences based on the relation with criterion variables. We used the assumptions of the Classical Test Theory and modern psychometric methods with the application of the Rasch model. The construction process was guided with theoretical and methodological rigor indicated by the literature and has demonstrated favorable evidences of content validity. Evidences of validity based on internal structure, criterion-related validity and reliability were established. These results reinforce the potential of IDADI for multidimensional assessment of child development in the Brazilian context, both in clinical and research contexts. Future studies will be conducted to stablish norms for interpretation, to create a short version for use in child care programs and a child direct assessment version including developmental tasks.

Ett syfte med denna uppsats var att undersöka om det går att validera det för svenska förhållanden nya skattningsinstrumentet Score-15 (Stratton, P., Bland, J., Janes, E & Lask, J. 2010) i förhållande till skattningsinstrumentet Familjeklimat (Hansson, 1989). Ytterligare syften med uppsatsen var att söka svar på frågorna om det är möjligt att med Score-15 urskilja gruppen familjer som söker familjebehandling från en normalgrupp (Erneroth Hånell & Karhatsu, 2016), samt om det går att mäta förändring av familjefunktionen hos familjer genom skattningar före- och efter familjebehandlingen? Studien är kvantitativ utifrån ett material bestående av totalt 34 familjer som själva sökt familjebehandling hos en av två familjeenheter i Uppland. Familjemedlemmarna har var för sig fyllt i skattningsformulären Score-15 och Familjeklimat vid två tillfällen: innan familjebehandlingen inletts och efter avslutad behandling eller efter tre månader. Resultaten av studien visar att Score-15 och Familjeklimat är valida skattningsinstrument. Det är möjligt att med hjälp av Score-15 skilja ut de familjer som sökt familjebehandling från en normalgrupp samt att Score-15 även kan mäta en förändrad familjefunktion / This thesis has three aims. Firstly, to examine whether the assessment instrument Score-15 (Stratton, Bland, Janes, & Lask, 2010), hitherto unfamiliar in Sweden, can be validated in comparison with the Swedish assessment instrument Familjeklimat (Hansson, 1989). Secondly, to ascertain whether Score-15 can be used in order to distinguish families who seek family treatment from a normal group (Erneroth Hånell & Karhatsu, 2016). Thirdly, we have examined whether it is possible to measure changes in the ways families function by performing assessments with Score-15 before and after family treatment. We have performed a quantitative study based on material acquired through our work with 34 families who applied on their own initiative to two family treatment units in Uppland county, Sweden. Each family member completed the assessment questionnaires in Score-15 and Familjeklimat twice – once before initiation of family treatment, and once either after the completed course of treatment, or three months after treatment started. Our results demonstrate that both Score-15 and Familjeklimat are valid assessment instruments. We have also been able to show that Score-15 can be used to distinguish between families who seek treatment from a normal group, and that Score-15 is capable of measuring changes in family functioning.

Syftet med studien är attundersöka vad som påverkar socialsekreterarens riskbedömningsarbete inom socialtjänsten med målgruppen våld i nära relation. Jag kommer även redovisa socialarbetarens handlingsutrymme i förhållande till standardiserat bedömningsarbete, redogöraför verktyget FREDA-bedömningsmetodersamt deövriga faktorer som påverkar bedömning. Syftet är även att kunna använda mig av enkäten för att undersökaom det finns ett samband mellan olika faktorer såsom tillförlitligheten av den egna bedömningenkopplad till erfarenhet och utbildning. För att kunna uppnå syftet besvaradestvå frågeställningar;hur ser socialtjänstens bedömningsarbete ut med våldsutsatta, särskilt vid användning av verktyget FREDA-bedömningsmetoder?Vilka faktorer utöver standardiseratarbete påverkar socialarbetarenshandlingsutrymme vid bedömning?Till uppsatsen har jag använt mig av en kvantitativ enkätstudie utifrån en deduktiv ansats.Enkäten bestod av 14innehållande frågor. Enkäten distribuerats ut via mejloch Facebook.se för yrkesverksamma socialsekreterare som arbetar med riskbedömning av fortsatt våld i nära relation. Sammantaget skickades enkäten till samtliga 26 kommuner inom Stockholms ländär tiomedverkade. Dessavar fördeladepå 29 socialsekreterare. Enkäten besvaradesi sin helhet av 32socialsekreteraredär tre kom från okänd/okända kommuner i Sverige. Med hjälp av statistisk analysoch diagramhar resultatet sammanställtsochtvå olika korstabeller harutformats för att undersöka sambandsanalys. Enkäten uppnådde 86 %besvarade frågor i sin helhet.Resultatet har analyserats utifrånkunskapsläge, tidigare forskning samtLipskys teori omgräsrotsbyråkrati. Resultatetvisaratt majoriteten av socialsekreterareär överens om att det finns flera faktorer utöver bedömningsinstrument som påverkar riskbedömningen.Studiensslutsats landar i att majoriteten av socialsekreterare väljer att användasig av individuell bedömning med stöd av verktyget FREDA-bedömningsmetodersamt att det förs en diskussion om att faktorer, erfarenhet och utbildning/vidareutbildningarligger till grund för den individuella bedömningen. / The purpose of the study is to investigate what affects the social workers risk assessment work in the social service with the target group violence in close relation. I will also report on the social worker's extent of action in relation to standardized assessment work. I will be describing the tool FREDA assessment methods and the other factors that influence the social worker's assessment. The purpose is also to be able to use the survey to investigate whether there is a connection between various factors such as the reliability of one's own assessment and one's own assessment linked to experience and education. To achieve the purpose, two questions were answered; whatdoes the social services assessment work look like with violence, especially when usingthe tool FREDA assessment methods? What factors besides standardized work affect the social worker's scope for assessment?For the thesis I have used a quantitative survey study based on a deductive approach. The survey consisted of 14 containing questions and was distributed via e-mail and Facebook.se for professional social workers who work with risk assessment of continued violence in close relation. In total, the questionnaire was sent to all 26 municipalities in Stockholm County, of which ten participate. They were distributed to 29 social secretaries. The survey was answered in itsentirety by the 32 social workers, where three came from unknown / unknown municipalities in Sweden. Using statistical analysis and graphs, the results have been compiled and two different cross tables have been designed to investigate relationship analysis. The survey achieved 86% answered questions in its entirety. The results have been analyzed on the base of knowledge, previous research and Lipsky's theory of grassroots bureaucracy. The result shows that most of the social workers agree that there are several factors besides assessment instruments that affect risk assessment. The study concludes that the majority of social secretaries choose to use individual assessment with the aid of the tool FREDA assessment methods, and that there is a discussion that the factors of experience and education / further education are the basis for the individual assessment.

<p>A literature study focusing on teaching and learning in higher education in South Africa was conducted. Theories relevant to adult learning were also examined. These included behaviourist, cognitive, humanistic and social learning theories which were found to be relevant for the adult learner. The learning styles, which form the foundation for this study, were explored. Nine learning style theories and instruments were examined for possible adaptation in the South African higher education context. These were: Kolb Learning Style Index, Dunn and Dunn Learning Style Index, Honey and Mumford Learning Style Questionnaire, Felder and Silverman Index of Learning Style, Gregorc Style Delineator, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Grasha Reichmann Student Learning Styles Scales, Vermunt Inventory of Learning Styles, and the Centre for Innovative Teaching Experiences. From the nine learning style instruments, the Centre for Innovative Teaching Experiences instrument was selected for adaptation for the South African higher education sector.</p>

<p>A literature study focusing on teaching and learning in higher education in South Africa was conducted. Theories relevant to adult learning were also examined. These included behaviourist, cognitive, humanistic and social learning theories which were found to be relevant for the adult learner. The learning styles, which form the foundation for this study, were explored. Nine learning style theories and instruments were examined for possible adaptation in the South African higher education context. These were: Kolb Learning Style Index, Dunn and Dunn Learning Style Index, Honey and Mumford Learning Style Questionnaire, Felder and Silverman Index of Learning Style, Gregorc Style Delineator, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Grasha Reichmann Student Learning Styles Scales, Vermunt Inventory of Learning Styles, and the Centre for Innovative Teaching Experiences. From the nine learning style instruments, the Centre for Innovative Teaching Experiences instrument was selected for adaptation for the South African higher education sector.</p>

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / A literature study focusing on teaching and learning in higher education in South Africa was conducted. Theories relevant to adult learning were also examined. These included behaviourist, cognitive, humanistic and social learning theories which were found to be relevant for the adult learner. The learning styles, which form the foundation for this study, were explored. Nine learning style theories and instruments were examined for possible adaptation in the South African higher education context. These were: Kolb Learning Style Index, Dunn and Dunn Learning Style Index, Honey and Mumford Learning Style Questionnaire, Felder and Silverman Index of Learning Style, Gregorc Style Delineator, Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Grasha Reichmann Student Learning Styles Scales, Vermunt Inventory of Learning Styles, and the Centre for Innovative Teaching Experiences. From the nine learning style instruments, the Centre for Innovative Teaching Experiences instrument was selected for adaptation for the South African higher education sector. / South Africa

Bakgrund Socialtjänsten saknar register för uppföljning av kvalitet. Utan kunskap om vilka insatser som socialtjänsten ger   riskerar personer att blir utan effektiva insatser eller utsätts för insatser som kan vara till mer skada än nytta. Syfte Förbättrad livssituation för individer i socialtjänstens missbruks- och beroendevård genom  systematisk uppföljning. Öka användningen av Addiction Severity Index- (ASI) för att följa och utveckla socialtjänstens insatser. Identifiera faktorer som bidrar till eller försvåra användandet av ASI. Metod Programteorin innehållande fem förbättringsområden togs fram. Förbättringsarbetet följdes upp genom genomförda ASI-intervjuer. Förbättringsarbetet studerades med mixad metod. Kvantitativ data med tidsserieanalys och kvalitativ data  med tematisk analys. Resultaten har analyserats genom Modell för implementering i olika kontexter. Resultat Användning av ASI-intervjuer ökade men nådde ej målen. Studien av förbättringsarbetet ger få svar på vad som påverkar användningen av ASI. Starkare koppling av faktorer med negativ inverkan på ASI-användningen än positiva inverkan. Slutsatser Förbättringsarbete  på flera områden gav ökad ASI-användning. Förbättringsarbete kan bedrivas samtidigt i ett läns kommuner. Det finns intresse för förenklade ASI-intervjuer men försöket gav ej underlag att dra slutsatser. Studien visar  faktorer som påverkar användningen av ASI men att det krävs fördjupningar för att generaliserbara slutsatser. / BackgroundSocial services do not have registers for monitoring quality. Without knowledge of what interventions the social services provide already exposed groups risk missing follow-up and improvement of care and support. Purpose Improved life situation for individuals in social services addiction care through systematic follow-up. Increase the use of Addiction Severity Index (ASI) to monitor and improve social services. Identify factors that contribute to or hamper the use of ASI. Method A program theory was developed. The improvement work was studied with a mixed method. Quantitative data with time series analysis and qualitative data with thematic analysis. Results was analysed through Model for implementation in different contexts. Results The use of ASI interviews increased but did not reach the targets. The study of the improvement gives few answers to what affects the use of ASI. Stronger coupling of factors with a negative impact on ASI usage than positive impact. Conclusion Improvement in multiple areas increased use of ASI. Improvement can be carried out simultaneously in 13 municipalities in a county. There is interest in simplified ASI interviews, but the trial did not provide evidence to draw conclusions. The study shows factors that affect the use of ASI, but that there is a need for more studies to generalize conclusions.

Abstract  Background: Pain is a common symptom in the end-of-life phase for older individuals residing in specialized housing in Sweden. The nurse's role is to alleviate pain and provide person-centered support to the individual and their family members during end-of-life care.   Objective: The aim of this study was to describe nurses' experiences of using or not using assessment tools for pain assessment in older individuals in the end-of-life stage in community-based specialized housing.   Method: The study employed a descriptive design with a qualitative inductive approach. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using qualitative manifest and latent content analysis.   Main Findings: The results revealed that nurses used pain assessment instruments, but not consistently. The decision to use these instruments depended on factors such as the design of the instrument, the individual being assessed for pain, and the context in which the assessment took place. Nurses perceived the use of pain assessment instruments as providing a comprehensive picture and described them as useful tools for evaluating the effectiveness of pain relief interventions. However, many found the Abbey Pain Scale difficult to use when they were unfamiliar with the individual being assessed or if the individual had dementia. Adherence to team protocols was crucial for implementing pain assessment using these instruments. Lack of time and prevailing workplace culture were described as barriers to the use of pain assessment instruments.   Conclusion: Nurses should practice based on scientific evidence and proven experience. Not all older individuals in end-of-life care in community-based elderly housing receive pain assessments using validated assessment tools, despite research indicating that those who undergo pain assessment also experience better symptom relief. Effective relief of distressing symptoms such as pain is central to person-centered care.  Keywords: Community-based specialized housing, person-centered care, pain assessment instruments, end-of-life care, elderly