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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

Variedades não matriciais em certas classes de álgebras não associativas / Nonmatrix varieties in certain classes of non associative algebras

Vinicius Souza Bittencourt 03 May 2016 (has links)
Uma variedade M de álgebras associativas é dita ser não matricial se F² não está em M, em que F² é o anel das matrizes quadradas de ordem 2 sobre F. Latyshev introduziu estas variedades em 1977. A respeito desta definição, outras caracterizações equivalentes para uma variedade não matricial foram obtidas, por exemplo, ao considerar elementos algébricos (Cekanu, 1979) e nilpotentes (Mishckenko et al, 2011). Variedades não matriciais são estudadas principalmente no caso sobre os corpos de característica zero para álgebras associativas. A teoria geral de variedades de álgebras, entretanto, não está restrita à classe das álgebras associativas. Além das álgebras de Lie, entre as muitas classes de álgebras não associativas, nós destacamos as álgebras alternativas, as de Jordan e as de Jordan não comutativas. Estas classes de álgebras têm muitas conexões e aplicações a diversas áreas da Matemática e da Física e têm uma teoria estrutural bem desenvolvida, assim como a classe das álgebras associativas. O conceito de variedade não matricial pode ser reformulado para as classes de álgebras supracitadas e nosso trabalho consiste em adaptar, estender ou generalizar alguns resultados, conforme mencionado, para variedades não matriciais nestas classes de álgebras. / A variety M of associative algebras (over a field F) is called ``nonmatrix\'\' if F² is not in M, where F² is the usual matrix algebra of second order over F. Latyshev introduced these varieties in 1977. Concerning this definition, other equivalent characterizations for a nonmatrix variety were obtained, for instance, by considering algebraic (Cekanu, 79) and nilpotent (Mishchenko et all, 2011) elements. Non-matrix varieties are studied mainly in the case of characteristic zero for associative algebras. However, the general theory of varieties of algebras is not restricted to the class of associative algebras. In addition to the Lie algebras, among many classes of non associative algebras, we highlight the alternative, the Jordan and the non commutative Jordan algebras. These classes of algebras have many connexions and applications to several areas of Mathematics and Physics and have a well-developed structural theory, as in the class of associative algebras. The concept of ``nonmatrix variety\'\' can be reformulated in the classes of algebras above and our work is to adapt, extend or generalize some results, as mentioned, for non-matrix varieties in these classes of algebras.
192

Memórias associativas baseadas em inf-semirreticulados completos / Associative memory based on complete inf-semiattice

Medeiros, Carlos Renato, 1983- 11 December 2012 (has links)
Orientador: Peter Sussner / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T14:39:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Medeiros_CarlosRenato_M.pdf: 3281824 bytes, checksum: 90da4e6d96fe7557a92fa34f461172e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Em meados dos anos 90, a memória associativa morfológica (MAM) foi apresentada como um modelo de memória associativa distributiva que realiza determinadas operações morfológicas definidas na teoria matemática de álgebra mini-max. Os modelos de MAMs vêm em duas versões diferentes que são tolerantes a diferentes tipos de ruído nos padrões de entrada. Para superar esta desvantagem, recorremos à teoria mais recente da morfologia matemática em inf-semirreticulado cujos operadores elementares são autoduais e definimos um modelo de memória associativa neste quadro / Abstract: In the mid 1990's, the morphological associative memory (MAM) was introduced as a distributive associative memory model that performs certain morphological operations defined in the mathematical theory of mini-max algebra. MAM models come in two different versions that are tolerant to different types of noise in the input patterns. To overcome this drawback, we resort to the more recent theory of mathematical morphology (MM) on inf-semilattices whose elementary operators are self-dual and we define an associative memory (AM) model in this framework / Mestrado / Matematica Aplicada / Mestre em Matemática Aplicada
193

Mouvement associatif étudiant et transformations des modes d’engagements collectifs / Student associative movement and transformations of the collective engagement methods

Lichet, Thierry 12 January 2010 (has links)
Cette thèse porte sur le mouvement associatif étudiant, et son impact sur les autres formes d’engagements collectifs des individus dans le monde social. Elle s’attache à montrer que le mouvement associatif étudiant génère des projets, des formes d’engagements dans le collectif, que l’on voit réapparaître quelques années plus tard dans les associations, ONG, syndicats, partis politiques, … Outre la capacité transitive du message associatif étudiant, c’est la place de préfigurateur des engagements collectifs qu’occupe le mouvement associatif étudiant qui sont les objets principaux de cette recherche. La démonstration s’établit sur deux chapitres. Le premier s’attache à démontrer la réalité historique de cette proposition, de la fin du XIXème siècle jusqu’aux années 80. La seconde partie en démontre l’actualité, notamment au travers des pratiques à l’œuvre au sein du réseau FAGE. Ce travail, alliant quantitatif et qualitatif, s’appuie sur la catégorie du sujet tourainien, démontrant notamment la participation du mouvement associatif étudiant à l’émergence du Sujet. Les aspects historiques de ce travail s’appuient sur les travaux de Monchablon, Fischer, et plus largement, du GERME. Les problématiques relevant du tiers-secteur sont décryptées à l’aune des travaux de Ion, Archambault, ainsi que ceux du MAUSS. La capacité transitive du message associatif étudiant s’appuie enfin sur les travaux de Fillieule, Mayer et Agrikoliansky. Il ressort de ce travail la capacité du milieu associatif étudiant à bousculer les consensus sociaux en matière d’engagement collectif des individus, et à agir pour l’institutionnalisation progressive de modalités innovantes et performatives. / This thesis focuses on the student union and its impact on other forms of individual devotion towards collective commitments in the Social world. It aims to demonstrate that the student union generates projects and forms of commitments in the collective, that reappear several years later in unions, NGOs, political parties. Although the student union message is transitive, the precursor nature of collective engagements, central to student union movement, is the focus of this research. The demonstration spans two chapters. The first demonstrates the historical reality of such proposal, from the end of the nineteenth century to the 80s. The second demonstrates its topicality, mainly through the activities within the network FAGE. This work, combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, is based upon the subject of Touraine category, with a particular emphasis on the participation of the student union in the emergence of the Subject. The historical aspects of this thesis are based on the work of Monchablon, Fischer, and more broadly, GERME. The problems associated with the third sector are considered under the point of view of Ion, Archambault and Mauss. The transitive capability of the student union message builds on Fillieule, Mayer and Agrikoliansky works. This work demonstrates the ability of the student union to disturb the social consensus in the area of collective commitment of individuals, and to favour the gradual institutionalization of innovative and performative modalities.
194

Codage neural parcimonieux pour un système de vision / Sparse Neural coding for a Vision System

Huet, Romain 19 June 2017 (has links)
Les réseaux de neurones ont connu un vif regain d’intérêt avec le paradigme de l'apprentissageprofond ou deep learning. Alors que les réseaux dits optimisés, de par l'optimisation des paramètres nécessaires pour réaliser un apprentissage, nécessitent de fortes ressources de calcul, nous nous focalisons ici sur des réseaux de neurones dont l'architecture consiste en une mémoire au contenu adressable, appelées mémoires associatives neuronales. Le défi consiste à permettre la réalisation d'opérations traditionnellement obtenues par des calculs en s'appuyant exclusivement sur des mémoires, afin de limiter le besoin en ressources de calcul. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions une mémoire associative à base de clique, dont le codage neuronal parcimonieux optimise la diversité des données codées dans le réseau. Cette grande diversité permet au réseau à clique d'être plus performant que les autres mémoires associatives dans la récupération des messages stockés en mémoire. Les mémoires associatives sont connues pour leur incapacité à identifier sans ambiguïté les messages qu'elles ont préalablement appris. En effet, en fonction de l'information présente dans le réseau et de son codage, une mémoire peut échouer à retrouver le résultat recherché. Nous nous intéressons à cette problématique et proposons plusieurs contributions afin de réduire les ambiguïtés dans le réseau. Ces réseaux à clique sont en outre incapables de récupérer une information au sein de leurs mémoires si le message à retrouver est inconnu. Nous proposons une réponse à ce problème en introduisant une nouvelle mémoire associative à base de clique qui conserve la capacité correctrice du modèle initial tout en étant capable de hiérarchiser les informations. La hiérarchie s'appuie sur une transformation surjective bidirectionnelle permettant de généraliser une entrée inconnue à l'aide d'une approximation d'informations apprises. La validation expérimentale des mémoires associatives est le plus souvent réalisée sur des données artificielles de faibles dimensions. Dans le contexte de la vision par ordinateur, nous présentons ici les résultats obtenus avec des jeux de données plus réalistes etreprésentatifs de la littérature, tels que MNIST, Yale ou CIFAR. / The neural networks have gained a renewed interest through the deep learning paradigm. Whilethe so called optimised neural nets, by optimising the parameters necessary for learning, require massive computational resources, we focus here on neural nets designed as addressable content memories, or neural associative memories. The challenge consists in realising operations, traditionally obtained through computation, exclusively with neural memory in order to limit the need in computational resources. In this thesis, we study an associative memory based on cliques, whose sparse neural coding optimises the data diversity encoded in the network. This large diversity allows the clique based network to be more efficient in messages retrieval from its memory than other neural associative memories. The associative memories are known for their incapacity to identify without ambiguities the messages stored in a saturated memory. Indeed, depending of the information present in the network and its encoding, a memory can fail to retrieve a desired result. We are interested in tackle this issue and propose several contributions in order to reduce the ambiguities in the cliques based neural network. Besides, these cliques based nets are unable to retrieve an information within their memories if the message is unknown. We propose a solution to this problem through a new associative memory based on cliques which preserves the initial network's corrective ability while being able to hierarchise the information. The hierarchy relies on a surjective and bidirectional transition to generalise an unknown input with an approximation of learnt information. The associative memories' experimental validation is usually based on low dimension artificial dataset. In the computer vision context, we report here the results obtained with real datasets used in the state-of-the-art, such as MNIST, Yale or CIFAR.
195

Mirror Neurons : The human mirror neuron system

Moonens, Sofie January 2012 (has links)
This literature review explores human mirror neurons from several angles. First it retells mirror neuron history, from the initial discovery in the macaque monkey research through to the experiments determining if there is a human brain homologue. Then the merits of two opposing evolutionary views – mirror neurons as an adaptation or an association, here referring to an adaptation’s byproduct – are discussed. Lastly the autistic mirror neuron dysfunction hypothesis – stating that a faulty mirror neuron system is at the basis of autistic behavioral patterns – is examined for its validity but ultimately found lacking and in need of further development.
196

Role of prefrontal cortex dopamine in associative learning / Rôle de la dopamine du cortex préfrontal dans l'apprentissage associatif

Aly Mahmoud, Mayada 19 June 2017 (has links)
La dopamine du cortex préfrontal (PFC) est impliquée dans l’apprentissage et dans la prise de décision liée à l’effort. Comme l’apprentissage ne peut se faire sans effort, il n’est pas clair aujourd’hui si la dopamine est nécessaire pour l’apprentissage, ou pour l’engagement de l’effort pour apprendre. Dans ce travail, les rats apprenaient à pousser un levier pour obtenir de la nourriture, soit avec (apprentissage par observation, LeO) ou sans (essai-et-erreur, TE) observation préalable d’un congénère exécutant la tâche. TE et la phase d’exécution de LeO nécessitent l’effort physique (overt learning), l’observation dans LeO ne requiert pas d’effort physique (covert learning). Avant chaque session, les rats recevaient des injections de SCH23390 ou de la saline dans le cingulaire antérieur (ACC) ou l’orbitofrontal (OFC). Si la dopamine est nécessaire à l’apprentissage, le blocage des récepteurs D1 affecterait aussi bien l’apprentissage overt que covert. Si la dopamine n’est pas requise pour l’apprentissage mais pour l’engagement de l’effort, le blocage affecterait l’apprentissage overt, et non covert. Les résultats montrent que le blocage de la dopamine dans ACC ou OFC supprime l’apprentissage overt, laissant intact l’apprentissage covert. Une fois les injections arrêtées, les rats récupèrent la capacité d’apprendre, mais dans le cas de ACC, pas la tolérance à l’effort. Ces résultats suggèrent que la dopamine dans ACC et OFC n’est pas nécessaire pour l’apprentissage, et que les déficits d’apprentissage pourraient reflèter une réduction de la tolérance effort à l’effort liée au blocage de la dopamine. / Because prefrontal cortex (PFC) dopamine plays a pivotal role in associative learning and in effort-related decision making, it is not clear as of today whether PFC dopamine activity is required for learning per se, or rather for engaging the effort necessary to learn. In this work, we used observational learning (LeO) and trial-and-error (TE) learning to dissociate learning from physical effort. Both TE and the execution phase of LeO require physical effort (overt learning). Observation does not require physical effort (covert learning). Rats learned to push a lever for food rewards either with or without prior observation of an expert conspecific performing the same task. Before daily testing sessions, the rats received bilateral ACC or OFC microinfusions of SCH23390, or saline-control infusions. If dopamine activity is required for task acquisition, its blockade should impair both overt and covert learning. If dopamine is not required for task acquisition, but solely for regulating effort tolerance, blockade should impair overt learning but spare covert learning. We found that dopamine blockade in ACC or OFC suppressed overt learning selectively, leaving covert learning intact. In subsequent testing sessions without dopamine blockade, rats recovered their overt-learning capacity but, in ACC experiments, the animals did not recover their normal level of effort tolerance. These results suggest that ACC and OFC dopamine is not required for the acquisition of conditioned behaviours and that apparent learning impairments could instead reflect a reduced level of effort tolerance due to cortical dopamine blockade.
197

Asociativní odtržení elektronu při srážce záporného iontu / Associative electron detachment in collision of negative anion

Dvořák, Jan January 2017 (has links)
Low-energy resonant processes in collisions of electrons, atoms, ions and molecules significantly contributed to the evolution of the early Universe. Much attention has not yet been paid to processes involving lithium atoms and ions. In this thesis, we present the theoretical description of two associa- tive detachment processes of Li with H− and H with Li− within the nonlocal resonant theory. The nonlocal resonant models were constructed from poten- tial energy curves computed by the MOLPRO package of ab initio programs and from electron-molecule scattering data obtained from R-matrix calcula- tions by the UK molecular R-matrix suite of codes. The Lippman-Schwinger equation describing the nuclear motion was solved by the Schwinger-Lanczos algorithm. We developed a new method, which is based on the singular value decomposition method and separates the coupling potential. We predict sev- eral orders of magnitude difference between the temperature-dependent rate constants of the studied collisions at temperatures below 1000 K.
198

Algebraic methods for cryptographic key exhange

Partala, J. (Juha) 03 March 2015 (has links)
Abstract Cryptographic key exchange is an integral part of modern cryptography. Such schemes allow two parties to derive a common secret key over a public channel without a priori shared information. One of the most successful key agreement schemes is the one suggested by Diffie and Hellman in their seminal work on public key cryptography. In this thesis, we give an algebraic generalization of the Diffie-Hellman scheme called AGDH utilizing its implicit algebraic properties. The generalization is based on the problem of computing homomorphic images from an algebra to another. Appropriately, we call this problem the homomorphic image problem (HIP). We also devise an authenticated key exchange protocol that is secure in the Canetti-Krawczyk model assuming the infeasibility of the decision HIP (DHIP). For the secure instantiation of the scheme, we consider symmetric encryption schemes that are homomorphic over an algebraic operation. We derive a condition for the encryption scheme to be homomorphic key agreement capable. We show that whenever this condition is satisfied, the induced DHIP is computationally infeasible based on the security of the encryption scheme. To show that there are such schemes, we give a description of one such that the infeasibility of the DHIP follows from a weaker version of the McEliece generator matrix pseudorandomness assumption and the learning parity with noise (LPN) problem. We also study algebraic methods for generating suitable structures for the devised scheme. Since the platform structure requires a large set of homomorphisms, we consider classes of algebras for which this is the case. In particular, we concentrate on a class of algebras satisfying the left distributivity (LD) property. We formulate a non-associative generalization of the conjugacy search problem (CSP) called partial CSP (PCSP) for left conjugacy closed left quasigroups. We show that the feasibility of the HIP on LD left quasigroups depends on the PCSP. Application of this problem leads to a non-associative variant of the Anshel-Anshel-Goldfeld key agreement scheme. We also formulate different versions of the PCSP and show several relative hardness results related to them. Finally, we study more closely the PCSP for a class of conjugacy closed loops of order p2, where p is a prime. We show that the hardness of the PCSP depends on the number of generators for the conjugator and on that of conjugacy equation pairs. Based on the weakest variant of the PCSP, we devise a symmetric blind decryption scheme on these loops and show that it satisfies perfect secrecy against passive adversaries. / Tiivistelmä Kryptografiset avaintenvaihtomenetelmät ovat eräs modernin kryptografian tärkeimmistä osista. Näiden menetelmien avulla pystytään sopimaan ilman aiempaa tiedonvaihtoa yhteisestä salaisesta avaimesta käyttämällä julkista kanavaa. Diffie-Hellman -avaintenvaihto on yksi parhaiten tunnetuista ja eniten käytetyistä menetelmistä. Tässä työssä tarkastellaan kyseisen menetelmän yleistämistä perustuen sen algebrallisiin ominaisuuksiin. Johdettu yleistys perustuu vaikeuteen löytää annetun alkion homomorfinen kuva, jota työssä kutsutaan homomorfisen kuvan ongelmaksi (HIP). Lisäksi suunnitellaan autentikoitu avaintenvaihtoprotokolla, joka on turvallinen Canetti-Krawczyk -mallissa olettaen että homomorfisen kuvan ongelman päätösversio (DHIP) on laskennallisesti vaikea. Menetelmän turvallista toteuttamista varten tarkastellaan symmetrisen avaimen salausmenetelmiä, jotka ovat homomorfisia joidenkin algebrallisten operaatioiden yli. Työssä johdetaan symmetrisen avaimen salainten ominaisuus, kyvykkyys homomorfiseen avaintenvaihtoon, joka takaa että aikaansaatu DHIP on laskennallisesti vaikea. Lisäksi rakennetaan symmetrinen menetelmä, joka toteuttaa kyseisen ehdon. Menetelmän turvallisuus perustuu tavallista heikompaan oletukseen McEliece-generaattorimatriisin pseudosatunnaisuudesta sekä pariteetin oppimisongelman häiriölliseen versioon (LPN). Työssä tarkastellaan lisäksi menetelmiä soveltuvien algebrallisten rakenteiden generointiin. Koska menetelmä vaatii suuren joukon homomorfismeja, tarkastellaan rakenteita, joille tämä ehto pätee. Erityisesti keskitytään ns. vasemmalta distributiivisiin (LD) rakenteisiin. Työssä määritellään epäassosiatiivinen yleistys konjugointiongelman hakuversiolle (CSP) konjugoinnin suhteen suljettuille vasemmille kvasiryhmille. Tätä yleistystä kutsutaan osittaiseksi CSP:ksi (PCSP). Työssä osoitetaan, että vasemmalta distributiivisissa vasemmissa kvasiryhmissä homomorfisen kuvan ongelman vaikeus liittyy läheisesti PCSP:hen. Lisäksi tätä ongelmaa sovelletaan määrittämään epäassosiatiivinen variantti Anshel-Anshel-Goldfeld -avaintenvaihtomenetelmästä. Lisäksi tarkastellaan PCSP:n erilaisia versioita ja niiden suhteellista laskennallista kompleksisuutta. PCSP:tä tarkastellaan tarkemmin konjugoinnin suhteen suljetuissa luupeissa, joiden kertaluku on p2, missä p on alkuluku. Työssä osoitetaan, että PCSP:n vaikeus riippuu konjugoijan generaattoreiden sekä konjugaatioyhtälöiden lukumäärästä. Käyttämällä hyväksi näitä tuloksia ja erityisesti PCSP:n helpointa versiota, laaditaan symmetrisen avaimen salausmenetelmä, joka tukee ns. sokeaa salauksenpurkua. Lisäksi osoitetaan, että menetelmä takaa täydellisen salassapidon passiivisia hyökkäyksiä vastaan.
199

Consubstancialidade de gênero, classe e raça no trabalho coletivo/associativo / Consubstantiality of gender, class and race in the collective/associative work

Cherfem, Carolina Orquiza, 1983- 26 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Marcia de Paula Leite / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T16:41:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cherfem_CarolinaOrquiza_D.pdf: 1753002 bytes, checksum: dd791f0f72c0511910db0f991b8eb651 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa se desenvolveu no âmbito das práticas cooperativas e associativistas de grupos sociais que se organizam em busca de geração de renda e são reunidos pela chamada Economia Solidária (ES). Essas práticas sociais, por sua vez, agrupam grande quantidade de mulheres e de negros e negras, o que não vem sendo tratado com a relevância social e política que este fato suscita. Neste contexto, algumas estudiosas que se dedicam à divisão sexual do trabalho buscam compreender os motivos da grande quantidade de mulheres encontradas nessas organizações, bem como identificar o lugar que elas ocupam nas mesmas. Contudo, os estudos em torno das questões raciais na ES não vêm apresentando a mesma amplitude: Qual a cor/raça dos participantes da Economia Solidária? Será que estas práticas sociais podem mudar o contexto de exclusão da população negra? Com o intuito de compreender este cenário, a tese defendida nesta investigação é a de que os projetos associativos e de trabalho coletivo, agrupados pelas políticas de Economia Solidária, apresentam a prioridade de enfrentamento das relações de classe, focados, sobretudo, no desemprego, oportunidades de geração de renda e superação da fome e miséria de parte da população brasileira. Porém, não priorizam as questões de gênero e raça com a mesma relevância, não considerando a coextensividade dessas relações sociais como estruturantes da sociedade, tanto como a classe. O referencial teórico-metodológico que a embasou, portanto, compreende as relações sociais por meio do cruzamento das categorias de dominação que lhes configuram, a saber: a classe, a raça e o gênero, sintetizado pelo conceito de consubstancialidade. A pesquisa foi realizada em três Organizações Sociais Produtivas (OSPs) distintas que apresentam relações com diferentes movimentos sociais e que priorizam a qualificação de seus trabalhadores e trabalhadoras. As iniciativas pesquisadas foram: Empresa Recuperada Catende-Harmonia ¿ Recife/ Pernambuco (inserida num setor predominantemente masculino); Rede de Mulheres Produtoras do Recife e Região Metropolitana (inserida no setor de artesanato, prioritariamente feminino); Cooperativa de Triagem de Resíduos Sólidos "Bom Sucesso" ¿ Campinas/São Paulo (representa um setor misto, com grande presença da população negra). Os resultados identificaram que a ênfase dada à classe social está presente pela própria existência das OSPs que se desenvolvem no enfrentamento com estruturas e grupos de poder que mantém as desigualdades sociais. Contudo, essa luta de classes tem cor e sexo que as deixam cada vez mais complexas, o que nem sempre é considerado nas práticas de ES. Tal comprovação se deu pela identificação da divisão sexual do trabalho no interior das iniciativas pesquisadas e pelas oportunidades diferenciadas para homens e mulheres em algumas experiências. Também se deu pelo silenciamento das questões raciais e pela tendência ao enegrecimento da população no âmbito das iniciativas pesquisadas. Por outro lado, os resultados apontaram avanços significativos como a possibilidade de ampliação das qualificações e aprendizagens proporcionada pelas experiências pesquisadas. Homens e mulheres, negros e negras, de baixa escolaridade e renda, tiveram oportunidades significativas de ampliar suas qualificações técnica, política e de gestão coletiva e, a partir disso, tornarem-se sujeitos políticos ao ocupar novos espaços sociais. Nessa direção, a pesquisa indicou nuances importantes para que as políticas públicas de Economia Solidária sejam compreendidas de modo consubstancial, bem como contribuiu para que outras pesquisas desenvolvidas neste campo de estudo e de ação prática possam ser analisadas a partir da coextensividade das relações sociais de gênero, raça e classe / Abstract: This research was developed within the framework of cooperative and associative practices of social groups self-organized in search of income generation, gathered by the so-called Solidarity Economy (SE). These social practices, in turn, comprise large amount of women and black men and women, which has not been treated with the social and political relevance that this fact raises. In this context, some scholars engaged in the sexual division of work seek to understand the reasons for the large number of women found in these organizations, as well as identify the place that they occupy in the same. However, the studies around the racial issues in SE don't come with the same amplitude: what is the color of participants of Solidarity Economy? Can these social practices change the context of exclusion of black population? In order to understand this scenario, the thesis defended in this investigation is that associative projects and collective work, grouped by public policies of solidarity-based economy, represent the priority of confronting class relationships, focused especially on unemployment, income generating opportunities and overcoming hunger and poverty of part of the Brazilian population. However, it does not prioritize issues of gender and race with the same relevance as class is, not considering the intersection of these social relationships as society structuring. The theoretical and methodological framework adopted, therefore, understands the social relations through the coextensivity of categories of domination that constitute them, namely: class, race and gender, synthesized by the concept of consubstantialité, translated in Brazil as consubstantiality. The results showed that the emphasis on social class is present by the own existence of OSPs developed in the process of coping with structures and power groups that maintains social inequalities. However, this class struggle has color and gender that leave them increasingly complex, which is not always considered in SE practices. This evidence was given by the identification of the sexual division of labor within the surveyed initiatives and differential of opportunities for men and women in some experiments. Also gave the silencing of racial issues and the trend of blackening population in the scope of the surveyed initiatives. On the other hand, the results showed significant progress as the possibility of expanding the skills and learning experiences provided by surveyed. Men and women, black men and women, low education and income, have significant opportunities to expand their technical policy and collective management skills, and, from that, become political subjects to occupy new social spaces. In this way, the research has indicated important nuances in order to make public policy in Solidarity Economy understood in the consubstantiality way, as well as contributed to other researches carried on this field of study, and also provides a possibility that practical action can be analyzed from coextensivity perspective in terms of class, race and gender social relations / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais na Educação / Doutora em Educação
200

Characterizing the strong two-generators of certain Noetherian domains

Green, Ellen Yvonne 01 January 1997 (has links)
No description available.

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