Depuis la chute du Mur de Berlin en 1989, l'Union Européenne s'affirme sur le devant de la scène mondiale en s'appuyant sur sa formidable économie. Pourtant, sa politique étrangère commune n'est pas à la mesure de sa taille économique. Sa sécurité est assurée par l'OTAN et des efforts contradictoires se manifestent pour une politique étrangère commune. La construction européenne ne sera complète qu'avec une armée européenne sous une unique bannière. Les crises successives au voisinage de l'Europe rassemblent les europoliticiens qui décident de créer des forces armées trans-européennes avec un mandat clair et avec l'aval de l'OTAN pour éviter le dispersement inutile des ressources capacitaires euro-atlantiques afin de participer aux missions de l'ONU dans la sécurité mondiale. Les efforts du maintien capacitaire de l'Union Européenne entrainent le développement de l'économie industrielle militaire et civile grâce aux innovations duales, sur laquelle s'appuie la politique coercitive de l'Union Européenne. / Since the fall of the Berlin's Wall in 1989, the European Union asserts its leading role in the world through its tremendous economy. But its common foreign policy does not have the size of its economy. lts security is ensured by NATO and the contradictory objectives are embodied in the common foreign policy. The European construction will be complete only when it will have its integrated army under a single banner. The successive crises gather the European lawmakers who decide to create trans-European armed forces with a clear mandate and with the consent of NATO to avoid the dispersal of euro-Atlantic strategic resources in order to participate in the missions of UN in the world's security. The efforts to build up the EU's strength promote the large military and civil economic increases of industrial dual innovations. And the European coercive policy bases on these behalf.

In my diploma project I engage in design of fire-fighting car, concrete it's technical type of fire-fighting car, that hit anywhere vhere car accident happened. Konception of this vehical, that is in fact revolutionary, is design like zhe vehical with small technical diferences could by suitable for all rescue organ all over the world ( fire-brigade, ambulance, mauntain rescue, baywath, army and atc.) thanks to exchangeble boxes in the rear part of the vehicle and thanks to take off partition wall, that devide the cabine space and the space of box. Changeble high of the undercart, turning rear axle, changeble wheels for belts, passive safe of the vehicle with hi-tech materials, nanatechnology and with other technical solution make this vehical possible excellent driving quality, that make the rescue more effective and possible where it could't by posiible.

Räddningstjänsters behov av frivilliga värn för att bekämpa skogsbränder undersöktes och en enkät skickades ut till skogsägare i Småland för att undersöka deras vilja och förmåga att bidra till skogsbrandvärn. Räddningstjänsterna ansåg att de hade ett behov av värn vid sidan av sin ordinarie personal och beskrev förutom ett antal kriterier för att värnet skulle fungera bra också ett antal kompetenser samt maskiner som kunde komma till användning vid bekämpning av skogsbränder. Resultaten visar att 42 % av skogsägarna var villiga att ingå i lokala skogsbrandvärn samt 89 % kunde se en styrka i att skogsägare gick samman för att stötta varandra och avlasta räddningstjänsten vid skogsbränder eller andra större händelser i närområdet. 91% utav skogsägarna hade någon av de fordon, maskiner eller redskap som räddningstjänsterna såg som användbara. Vidare så uppgav 70 % utav dessa att de skulle vara villiga att använda de här fordonen, maskinerna eller redskapen vid insatser med skogsbrandvärnen.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The 19th Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment is one of the most famous regiments of the Civil War through its membership in the Iron Brigade of the Union Army of the Potomac. This brigade has been hailed as an elite unit of the Civil War. This thesis is a regimental history which critically examines the socio-economic profile of the 19th Indiana and the combat record of the Iron Brigade. This thesis finds that the 19th Indiana is largely reflective of the rest of the Union Army in terms of its socio-economic profile. Also, the combat record of the brigade was not overly successful and not necessarily deserving of being singled out from among the hundreds of other brigades in the Civil War.

“The Memory and The Legacy: The Whittlin' Whistlin' Brigade–The Young Company 1974-2001,” is a history of the children's theatre of Brigham Young University. The Whittlin' Whistlin' Brigade–The Young Company acts as a training ground for graduate students working in theatre for young audiences. When directing a production for the Whittlin' Whistlin' Brigade–The Young Company, students are instructed to perform all functions required of a professional company. As the Whittlin' Whistlin' Brigade–The Young Company (WWB–TYC) spends much of its performance time on tour, those responsibilities are relegated to the student.Developed and headed by Dr. Harold R. Oaks of Brigham Young University, WWB–TYC produced children's theatre for local, regional, national and international audiences. The history includes production photos, budgets and business plans. A survey of former company members was conducted assessing the long-term affect on participants in relationship to their personal and professional life.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / This thesis examines a 2015 Marine Expeditionary Brigade scheme of maneuver as the baseline scenario for a commercial logistics support software program called SEAWAY. Modifications to this scenario are conducted using a designed experiment in order to explore how the plan characteristics relate to eleven specified input factors. Multiple regression analysis is used to fit models to the resulting data for three different measures of performance: Total Aircraft Sorties, Total Aircraft Sortie Time and Total Aircraft Tons. The results suggest the plan performance is predicted well by a small subset of the factors and their interactions. One implication of this work is a better understanding of which factors are key determinants of the plan characteristics for variations on this specific base scenario. By using these fitted models, the number of SEAWAY runs needed to identify acceptable plans should decrease dramatically. The approach in this thesis provides a blueprint for similar analyses of other scenarios by demonstrating how information gained from models fit during an exploration phase might allow the logistician to quickly determine factor settings that yield an acceptable plan once details of an operation become available. Finally, working with the SEAWAY developers provided them with some new insights. / Lieutenant Commandeer, United States Navy

During the American Civil War, an approximate 200,000 Irish-born soldiers, and an even greater number of subsequent generation descended soldiers, fought for the Union and Confederate causes. Their experience, opinions, military actions and attitudes of their families were the subject of American Civil War songs, with songwriters penning numerous ballads about them. The conflict witnessed the mass production of wartime ballad culture, with over 11,000 pieces written and composed between 1861 and 1865 alone. An estimated 150 were by and about the Irish American wartime experience specifically. This thesis focuses on these Irish American Civil War songs and analyses the sentiments they expressed. Overall, the main topic written onto songsheet pages and in songbooks was the battlefield actions of Irish-born and descended soldiers. This study explores how military history was reported through song, following traditional oral practice patterns of using balladry to sing war reports. In particular, attention will be drawn to the proliferation of lyrical dedication and focus on specific Irish-dominated units such as the Union Army's Irish Brigade and 69th New York State Militia, and how their actions, along with other Irish soldiering units, came to dominate Irish American Civil War articulations and history. Within this lyrical attention the figures of Irish-born commanding officers, namely Generals Michael Corcoran and Thomas Francis Meagher, come to the fore. This study also analyses how their own wartime experiences and articulations corresponded with song lyrics. Beyond the battlefield focus, this thesis explores the way in which song lyrics sang about Irish loyalty and devotion to the American Union - and in a few examples Confederate nation - and particularly adopted symbols of the American nation, such as the Star Spangled Banner, as embodiments of the causes and ideals fought for by soldiers. Alongside this were lyrics that referred to symbols of Irish cultural heritage, language and a history of foreign military service. Irish identity can be seen on the surface of some songs, including references to Irish nationalism and the desire to gain Irish independence one day. Yet, as this thesis will argue, Irish American Civil War song lyrics reveal complicated support and sympathy for the Irish nationalist cause in the United States during the 1860s. Running through the songs of this study is a pervading sense and sentiment of American identity - that the Irish fighting and living through the war were stressing to society through song that they were committed to the United States as Americans first and foremost. In addition to assessing wartime views of Civil War politics and military actions, this thesis will also explore the way Irish song played a critical part in the formation of American musical culture, with traditional Irish music forming the foundation for American tunes, and blending Irish culture into the American wartime zeitgeist. This thesis will demonstrate the way in which Irish songs were written, published and disseminated through American society and crucially circulated beyond the confines of the Irish diaspora. Traditional and wartime Irish songs became a fundamental part of American culture because they were American cultural outputs. Thus this thesis will demonstrate the important evidential role Irish American Civil War songs play in singing an unexplored areas of mid-nineteenth century Irish American transnational history.

Through the analysis of photographs of Christchurch men, this thesis will explore and expand the historiography around masculinity in New Zealand. It will argue that how men saw themselves was informed by concepts of power and class, alongside aspects such as physical strength and ideas of manliness. Masculinity was a fluid concept; its interpretation differed across class, race and gender lines. The urban masculine identities found in Christchurch during 1880-1930 demonstrate the complexity of gender construction. They offer another view to that of a New Zealand masculinity steeped in stereotypes of rural, isolated men. Photographs are the central documents within this thesis and the growing field of visual history provides the framework for study. Photograph collections are selected from a variety of sources, including the Canterbury Museum, the Christchurch City Council archives, the Christchurch Club, Christchurch Boys' High School and my own family collection. The selection process centres on presenting collections which offer insight into a variety of settings across Christchurch, and the photographs within this thesis were chosen due to their representation of the collection they came from. Gillian Rose's methodology, which looks at the sites of production, the image, and the audience, shapes the study of the photographs. Read as documents and then situated into the broader contextual understanding of turn of the twentieth century Christchurch, these photographs allow the viewer to read the past with new eyes. This thesis offers a complementary reading of the masculine history of New Zealand. With an analysis influenced by the theoretical underpinnings of gender history, social history and visual history, the photographs show how ideas of masculinity developed in the urban setting of Christchurch. It highlights how ideas of class shaped the power relations of men, how physical settings offered different aspects of masculinity to be portrayed. The relationships between men, as well as those between men and women, demonstrate how masculine ideas were not dictated to by stereotypes, but by a range of at times contradictory imagery.

Räddningstjänstens verksamhet regleras i Lag (2003:778) om skydd mot olyckor och det första nationella målet lyder: ”Bestämmelserna i denna lag syftar till att i hela landet bereda människors liv och hälsa samt egendom och miljö ett med hänsyn till de lokala förhållandena tillfredsställande och likvärdigt skydd mot olyckor.”   Räddningstjänst organiseras med brandmän i tre olika anställningsformer, varav deltidsanställda brandmän är en av dem och idag är den formella benämningen Räddningspersonal i beredskap, RiB. Ungefär 67% av Sveriges brandmän utgörs av RiB och redan år 1999 uppmärksammades svårigheter med personalförsörjningen. Vid kontakt med Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap samt Sveriges Kommuner och Landsting fanns kännedom om rekryteringssituationen, men den exakta omfattningen var okänd.   Denna studie består av en undersökning av den nuvarande situationen avseende rekrytering för RiB i Sverige. Undersökningen jämförs med den svenska regeringens undersökning från år 2003. I jämförelsestudien medverkar samtliga respondenter från den tidigare utredningen, vilket medför en svarsfrekvens på 100%. Jämförelsen påvisar att nyrekrytering och upprätthållande av beredskap har en negativ trend, trots att grundutbildningen gjorts om samt att kommunerna har moderniserat och utvecklat rekryteringsmetoderna. I den nationella sammanställningen, för år 2018 som omfattar 111 respondenter och representerar drygt 60% av Sveriges kommuner, framkommer att majoriteten av räddningstjänsterna upplever svårigheter vid nyrekrytering. Totalt är det 331 vakanser för fasta RiB-tjänster samt 194 vakanser för vikarietjänster och drygt hälften, 52%, av respondenterna klarar inte att kontinuerligt upprätthålla den beslutade beredskapen.   Den största orsaken till rekryteringssituationen är de demografiska förhållandena, vilket har samband med att 200 av Sveriges 290 kommuner uppfyller Europeiska kommissionens generaldirektorat för statistisk information, Eurostats, definition för landsbygd. Det som är mest alarmerande är att det påverkar kommunernas förmåga att upprätthålla beredskap.   Det finns möjlighet att förbättra och stärka situationen genom olika slags förbättringsåtgärder och/eller en kombination av dessa. Det finns ingen entydig lösning på problemet i och med att förutsättningarna är olika från kommun till kommun. Det som är tydligt är att det är upp till våra politiker och staten att försöka stötta räddningstjänsterna på ett annat sätt än vad som görs idag och att investera mer i landsbygden. Målsättningen borde vara att leda Sverige till att bli ett ledande land som ligger i framkant när det gäller att utveckla, främja och stödja landsbygden. / The Swedish civil protection service activities are governed by ‘Lag (2003:778) om skydd mot olyckor’ and the first national objective reads: ‘The provisions of this law aim to make people's lives and health as well as property and environment throughout the country a satisfactory and equivalent protection against accidents, taking into account the local conditions.’   Emergency services are organized with firefighters in three different types of employment. One of these is part time firefighters, and the formal term for this employment is ‘Räddningspersonal i beredskap’, RiB. About 67% of Sweden's firefighters consist of RiB and as early as 1999, difficulties with staffing was noted. In contact with the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency and Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions, the problems with recruitment of RiB was known, but the vast extent of these problems had not yet been discovered.   This study consists of a survey of the current situation regarding the recruitment situation for RiB in Sweden. The survey is controlled and compared against the Swedish government's investigation from 2003. The compilation study involves all participants from the previous investigation which results in a response rate of 100%. The study shows that new recruitment and maintenance of preparedness has a negative trend, even though the basic education has been modified and the municipalities have modernized and developed recruitment methods. In the national compilation, of year 2018 involving 111 respondents representing more than 60% of Sweden's municipalities, it appears that the majority of emergency services experience difficulties in recruitment, a total of 331 vacancies for permanent RiB services and 194 vacancies for temporary employment and more than half, 52%, of the respondents fail to maintain the determined preparedness continously.   The main reason for the recruitment situation is the demographic conditions, which is linked to the fact that 200 of Sweden's 290 municipalities meet the European commission’s definition of rural areas. What is most alarming is that it directly affects municipalities' abilities to maintain preparedness.   There is an opportunity to improve and strengthen the situation through various kinds of improvement actions and/or a combination of these. There is no clear solution to the problem. As conditions are different in most municipalities, it is also difficult to provide a simple and general way for how to proceed. What is clear is that it is up to our politicians and the state to try to support the emergency services in a different way than today, alternatively, investing in rural areas. The goal should be to lead Sweden to become a leading country at the forefront of developing, promoting and supporting rural areas.

The aim of this thesis is to describe the stress factors and burnout, particularly in ambulance firefighters. In the theoretical section provides basic information on the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, the specifics of their work and are also given information regarding stress, posttraumatic stress disorder , burnout and psychological services to the Fire and Rescue Service of the Czech Republic. This is complemented by the findings of other states. The practical part is focused on the processing and evaluation of a questionnaire survey to map the most important factors of stress and burnout among staff of the Fire Rescue Corps of the Karlovy Vary Region and the Central Region.