絕大多數在台灣的企業屬於年輕的中小企業，他們所熟知的商業模式是生產代工，並無技術與市場的不確定性問題。如何從生產代工的商業模式跳躍到美國新創公司的知識經濟模式實在是一個對雙方都是很大的挑戰。由於雙方的不對稱性太大有必要讓其它人界入並彌補中間落差。開放式創新中需要技術仲介聯結買方與賣方。而技術仲介則是辦識(破壞式)創新機會的來源之一。在維興國際公司目前所專注的四個不同技術中，同時包括B2B及B2C的產品領域。但無論是B2B及B2C，市場拉力與技術推力在技術仲介的領域中均同樣必須受到重視。 本研究由相關文獻探討，推展出以(買方)目標工業的選擇與管理、(賣方)管理並降低市場的不確定性、技術仲介的需求缺口三構面的研究架構來探討技術仲介業在美國新創公司的技術仲介服務活動的關鍵因素與管理項目。本研究採用個案研究法深入訪談個案公司的高階主管以了解其新創過程的實務作為。由個案分析與研究發現得出研究結論如下： 結論一：成功的技術仲介業對技術賣方的選擇與管理應考慮(1)新創公司生態(2)新創公司的動態管理(3)新創公司的選擇(4)新創公司的管理。 結論二：成功的技術仲介業對技術買方的管理應考慮到(1)社會氛圍與使用者的認知(2)使用者的吸收能力(3)創新與使用(4)降低技術與市場的不確定性。 結論三：技術仲介的成功因素包括(1)技術仲介的加值能耐(2)技術仲介的承諾(3)專利/技術加值增加原供應商的仰賴(4)經營策略的創新與新事業開發。 結論四：技術仲介屬於知識管理的一環，在開放式創新中需要技術仲介聯結買方與賣方。而技術仲介則是辦識(破壞式)創新機會的來源之一。 結論五：台灣目前的技術服務業的主導者是以工研院技轉中心為主要的供需中心，輔以少數私人的智財買賣。 結論六：全世界都在鼓勵創新，國家的競爭力表現於創新與創業教育的養成。 / Most companies in Taiwan are belong to young SMEs, their business model is known for everybody and mainly the foundry model, there is no technology and market uncertainties. It is indeed a great challenge from the production foundry jumping into the knowledge based US startups. Since the dissymmetry from both sides are huge there exist a need for others to bridge the gap. Technology broker links buyer and seller in the area of open innovation. It is also one of the sources of innovation opportunities. WH International currently focused on four different technologies, including both B2B and B2C products. But whether it is B2B and B2C, market pull and technology push in the field of technology brokers are also to be taken seriously. From the related literatures survey, based on a technology transfer company, this study is to promote the technology sales (the seller) and management of technology uncertainty, to help (the seller) to manage and reduce market uncertainty, to meet market demands of the technology broker, and compose the three dimensions of framework: the seller, the buyer and the broker. This research adopts case study method to analyze the practice of the case company. The research results are as below. 1. The selection factors of a successful technology broker facing technology vendor should consider (1) ecosystem of start ups (2) the dynamic management of start ups (3) the choice of start ups (4) the management of start ups. 2. The management of technology buyers from a successful broker should take into consideration of(1) the user's cognitive and social atmosphere (2) the absorptive capacity of users (3) innovation and the diffusion (4) reduce uncertainty of market. 3. The successful factors for technology broker include (1) the value-added capability (2) the commitment to technology (3) patents / technology development to increase value-added services to suppliers (4) innovation of business strategy and new business development. 4. Technical brokering is a part of knowledge management. Technology broker links buyers and sellers in open innovation while it is also one of the sources of innovation opportunities. 5. Technology Transfer Center of the ITRI is the clear leader of technology services industry in Taiwan. There also existed some small private firms that handled intellectual property transactions. 6. Innovation is encouraged worldwide and national competition is reflected in the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship education.

我國保險法令對於市場中分屬不同業務性質之保險經紀人，於監理規範上並無太大之區別。而於實際之財產保險與人身保險之經紀業務中，其間實具有相當大之差異性存在。再就保險之需求者而言，企業型之被保險人與消費型之被保險人，本屬相當不同之市場族群，這也正說明近年關於金融消費者保護法之立法，即係著眼於金融消費者市場保護措施的建立。惟對於企業型之被保險人市場，於保險法相關之規範上，則相應缺少一些差異性之規範設計。 我國保險法令關於直接保險業務與再保險業務並未依國內市場之業務與國際市場之業務而區分，自然造成我國保險經紀人之業務類別僅分為「直接保險經紀業務」及「再保險經紀業務」二分法之現象。而保險經紀人執行此等「前衛業務」時，事實上其所應負責任之對象為該等原始被保險人，而非被再保險人〈即原保險人〉。但相較於國內保險法規上之分類類別，也只能將其視為「再保險」之一類別，此時該等執行此類「前衛業務」之保險經紀人依此法令上之二分法類別設計，將同時具備執行「直接保險經紀業務」及「再保險經紀業務」之情形，雖然於我國法令規範上，經紀人公司得經營保險經紀人業務及再保險經紀業務，但同時也衍生於法規上如何處理利益衝突之問題。但於此等「前衛業務」，保險經紀人事實上所應負責任之對象應僅指該等原始被保險人，而非被再保險人〈即原保險人〉，此時若又將其同視為兼具執行「再保險經紀業務」，則自然發生法令規範與事實關係不符之謬誤。 本文對於保險經紀人同時經營保險經紀業務與再保險經紀業務之問題，於根本上探討保險經紀人於實務作業之具體情形，並分析其法律地位與相關之義務與責任，希望對於保險法相關規範之發展上，能對於不同業務屬性之保險經紀業務行為，發展出一套不同之思路與設計，藉以消彌監理與實務間之鴻溝。並期待法規應引領國內保險公司，能真正專注於實質保險本業之經營，對於大型企業體之財產保險需求，能真正作為承接實質風險之保險人，而非甘於僅處於前衛業務所安排之出單公司，以類似於保險中介人收取服務費用之模式經營。如此，對於被保險人而言，則可相對免除國內出單費用之成本；對於保險經紀人而言，亦可達到為被保險人最大利益考量之執業職責。 基於目前法規對於跨國保險、境外保險及剩餘保險等問題呈現法規缺漏之現象，本文亦延伸探討目前相關法令對於境外保單議題之處理方式。目前之保險法167-1條未將企業等非消費者被保險人購買境外保單之情形排除於外，實無益於維護金融市場秩序、保障消費者權益之立法目的，應予排除。另鑑於境外保單交易多具跨國性質，基於罪刑法定主義之明確性原則，立法者應將「代理、經紀、招攬保險業務」定義清楚，避免嗣後爭議。 本論文以產物保險為主軸，於第二章中介紹保險相關的輔助人，保險係人類創造新文明之過程中損失分擔之機制，這個機制則需要許多人之努力方得以運轉，保險契約之締結，除了契約當事人以外，尚需要有許多相關人士的輔助，才得以使保險機制能更有效的運作，此等保險相關的輔助人各司其職，目的均在使得保險制度之運作更為流暢與正當。第三章及第四章分別論述保險經紀人之市場功能與法律地位、保險經紀人之行為規範與專業責任及義務，以及我國保險法令關於保險經紀人之相關規範。第五章至第七章深入探討保險經紀人處理境外保單之相關問題、P&I制度、國際金融業務境外保險之議題，並檢討現行法制對於保險經紀人處理境外保單之法律問題。並於第八章文末提出修法建議與結論。 本論文以現代經濟社會對保險制度之期待為標的，以保險服務業對整體經濟社會發展所產生之影響及其願景為研究背景，期待藉由保險實務工作者與政府主管機關、法律學界與實務界之共同努力，能使保險實務之運作更趨於完善，並使國內保險事業與國際保險市場之發展密切接軌，形成一套保險從業人員得所依循之「執業典範」，以為日後相關保險從業人員及主管機關得以遵循及評鑑的共同指標，使投保大眾對於保險制度之運作更具有信賴與安全感，給予全體社會一個穩健、安全又合諧的經濟環境。

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Submitted by Luiz Fernando Hideichi Sasaki (luiz.sasaki@susep.gov.br) on 2016-08-02T19:55:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Sasaki - versão aprovada 29_07_2016.pdf: 2676534 bytes, checksum: 99cae22120aa59917795862e37f9f5b0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2016-08-03T16:32:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Sasaki - versão aprovada 29_07_2016.pdf: 2676534 bytes, checksum: 99cae22120aa59917795862e37f9f5b0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2016-08-23T19:56:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Sasaki - versão aprovada 29_07_2016.pdf: 2676534 bytes, checksum: 99cae22120aa59917795862e37f9f5b0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-23T19:57:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Sasaki - versão aprovada 29_07_2016.pdf: 2676534 bytes, checksum: 99cae22120aa59917795862e37f9f5b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / Examining the prevalence of transparency in the sale of auto insurance in Brazil and around the world, this study considers the costs and benefits of this transparency through two surveys and based on extensive contextual and scholarly analyses. The agency relationship in the insurance intermediation consists of two principals (the consumer and the insurer) and one agent (the insurance broker). This relationship presents a classic principal-agent dilemma where the broker’s compensation system — in which insurers pay the brokerage commission — may portend negative effects for consumers. The international survey queried insurance supervisors and organizations representing insurers and insurance brokers about global practices related to the transparency in the auto insurance sale and received responses from 39 foreign jurisdictions (in addition to the European Commission). In the national survey, 191 Brazilian insurance brokers answered a questionnaire on their practices and opinions related to transparency in the auto insurance sale. The results show that 24 out of the 39 international jurisdictions analyzed require or encourage the disclosure of brokerage commissions to consumers. In jurisdictions where disclosure is compulsory, there is prior (prior to the decision made by the consumer) and active (without being requested by the consumer) transparency. In the national survey, results showed that 92% of insurance brokers (legal entities) in Brazil do not disclose to consumers the amount of brokerage commission received, and that 93% of brokers are against active disclosure and 92% against passive disclosure (at consumer request). Given these results, and based on the theoretical and empirical evidence examined, this study recommends the adoption of transparency requirements relating to prior and active disclosure of brokerage commissions in Brazil. / Ao examinar o domínio da transparência na venda do seguro automóvel no Brasil e no mundo, este estudo leva em consideração os custos e benefícios da transparência por meio de dois surveys e com base numa extensa análise contextual e acadêmica. A relação de agência que se forma na intermediação do seguro consiste de dois principais (consumidor e seguradoras) e um agente (corretor de seguro). Esta relação exibe um clássico dilema principal-agente onde o regime de remuneração dos corretores de seguro, no qual o pagamento da comissão de corretagem é feito pelas seguradoras, pode resultar em efeitos negativos para os consumidores. O survey internacional consultou supervisores de seguro e entidades representativas de seguradoras e de corretores de seguro sobre as práticas globais relacionadas à transparência na venda do seguro automóvel e recebeu respostas de 39 jurisdições estrangeiras (além da Comissão Europeia). No survey nacional, 191 corretoras de seguro brasileiras responderam um questionário sobre suas práticas e opiniões relacionadas à transparência na venda do seguro automóvel. Os resultados mostram que 24 das 39 jurisdições estrangeiras analisadas exigem ou apoiam a divulgação da comissão de corretagem aos consumidores. Nas jurisdições em que a divulgação é compulsória, prevalece a transparência prévia (anterior à tomada de decisão pelo consumidor) e ativa (sem que seja solicitada pelo consumidor). No survey nacional, os resultados mostram que 92% das corretoras de seguro (pessoas jurídicas) no Brasil não divulgam aos consumidores o valor da comissão de corretagem que recebem e que 93% das corretoras são contrárias à divulgação ativa e que 92% são contrárias à divulgação passiva (a pedido dos consumidores). Diante desses resultados, e baseado nas evidências teóricas e empíricas estudadas, recomenda-se a adoção de requisitos de transparência no Brasil, relacionados à divulgação prévia e ativa da comissão de corretagem aos consumidores.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:06:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4732.pdf: 3415662 bytes, checksum: 0b118a8a41e64b0a67c7b0956df6d970 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-12 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Immersive, interactive, and collaborative distributed applications, due to their real time and multi-platform characteristics, require a monitoring structure of their functionalities during the development period, which is not fully available in the current monitoring systems, which are usually specific of the languages and platforms in which they are made available. Monitoring systems that require synchronism of distributed objects during the processing is a complex task. Especially in distributed systems from multi-projection where timing is critical to its operation. It is often difficult to check the correct execution of the system. It might be useful for developers and users of such systems to have the ability of identifying, for example, if the reason for the system delay is due to the abusive use of a resource or due to programming mistakes; the identification of which object has crashed, compromising the system as a whole. Distributed object systems, also known as SOA (Service Oriented Architecture), generally use middleware of the broker type in their infrastructure and can have a dynamic number of connected clients or servers when running. There are, in the literature, several tools for the monitoring of performance, resources, debugging, and support, among others, of such systems. Nevertheless, the tools available in the literature are limited to programming languages or platforms that are able to process the monitoring agents related to them. In this work, a tool for the monitoring of distributed object systems is proposed, based on communication described in XML documents, which allows language and platform independence in the such systems development. A structure for the design of tools for the monitoring of distributed object systems is proposed, based on communication described in XML documents, which allows language and platform independence in the such systems development. In addition to the structure that is theoretically founded, the conception of a tool is structured in the manner described and proven in monitoring data from a case study. / Aplicações Distribuídas Imersivas, Interativas e Colaborativas, dadas suas características de tempo real e multiplataformas, demandam uma estrutura de monitoramento de suas funcionalidades, não plenamente disponíveis nos sistemas atuais de monitoramento, em geral específicos das linguagens e plataformas em que são disponibilizadas. Monitorar sistemas que necessitam de sincronismo no processamento de objetos distribuídos é uma tarefa complexa. Principalmente em sistemas distribuídos e de multiprojeção, onde o sincronismo é fundamental para seu funcionamento. Muitas vezes, é difícil apurar o correto funcionamento dos mesmos. Pode ser útil a desenvolvedores e usuários de tais sistemas a capacidade de se identificar, por exemplo, se a lentidão do sistema está sendo ocasionada por: uso abusivo de um recurso; por um erro na programação de um objeto ou; a identificação de qual objeto travou, comprometendo o sistema como um todo. Sistemas de objetos distribuídos, também conhecidos como SOA (Service Oriented Archtecture), geralmente utilizam mediadores do tipo broker em sua infraestrutura e podem ter um número dinâmico de clientes ou servidores conectados quando estão em execução. Existem na literatura diversas ferramentas destinadas ao monitoramento de performance, recursos, depuração, auxílio, manutenção de tais sistemas, etc. Porém, as ferramentas encontradas na literatura são restritas a linguagens ou plataformas que possam processar os agentes de monitoramento vinculados às mesmas. Neste trabalho, é proposta uma estrutura para a concepção de ferramentas para o monitoramento de sistemas de objetos distribuídos baseados em comunicações descritas em documentos XML, o que permite independência de linguagem ou plataforma na concepção de tais sistemas. Além da estrutura que é teoricamente fundamentada, a concepção de uma ferramenta nos moldes estruturados é descrita e provada no monitoramento de um estudo de caso.

This Master's thesis deals with analysis of the Czech business liability insurance market, while using a predefined client for preparation of insurance proposals. It then performs an analysis of fulfilling the requirements through control of insurance terms and conditions. Furthermore, the thesis compares the information required by individual insurance companies for the insurance calculations and examines the factors on which the client decides among the proposed insurances. In the course of the thesis is mapped the work of insurance broker, whose activity corresponds to the individual tasks performed by the thesis.

This master´s thesis is focused on an evaluation of a real estate market in light of „ethics in real estate activities.“ I mention ways of ethical principles and rules implementing especially in estate agencies and professional associations. Furthermore I mention ways of correction pretending in case of an irregularity. It happens quite often in reality that there are events whose solutions are still not regulatedby law so there is no statutory dutyto adhere to them. That´s why ethics codes are not mandatory for estate agencies, because they have no legal dependence in a contractual agreement between a client and a real estate agency or in a legal framework – a law of the Czech republic. I outline basic test cases – problems which can arise in this area, write up main advantages and disadvantages of the existing regulations within the frame of the Czech republic.

Covid-19 innebar nya rutiner för fastighetsmäklarna med ökat krav på användning av digitalkommunikation för att möta kunder och genomföra bostadsaffärer. Eftersomfastighetsmäklarnas intäkter helt löper på försäljningsprovision kan de nya rutinerna medförakonsekvenser för mäklares ekonomiska överlevnad. Syftet med studien var därför attanalysera hur mäklare förändrat och digitaliserat sina rutiner under Covid-19 pandemin, ijämförelse med före pandemin, för att utveckla kundrelationer, genomföra bostadsaffärersamt säkra sin ekonomiska överlevnad. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av intervjuer avmäklare, tematisering och jämförelse med rutinteorin och tidigare forskning. Resultatetvisade att mäklare genomförde färre personliga möten i hemmet och mäklarkontoret. Deutvecklade rutiner för att kombinera personliga och digitala möten, upprätthöll digitalkommunikation via hemarbete, videovisningar och sociala medier. De effektiviserade ävensina digitala rutiner genom obligatorisk föranmälan till visningar, digital avtalssignering ochanvändning av en digital plattform som kallas sälj- och köpcoachen. En av slutsatserna sommanifesterades under studien var det ökade avståndet mellan mäklare och kund, vilketkompenserades genom ökad digital användning av video, digital signering samt sälj- ochköpcoachen. Denna ökade digitalisering innebar förbättrad effektivitet i mäklarnas arbete attutveckla kundrelationer, genomföra bostadsaffärer och säkra sin ekonomiska överlevnad.Mäklarna antas därför fortsätta ompröva och effektivisera sin digitala kommunikation medkunder på nya oväntade sätt i framtiden. / Covid-19 meant new routines for real estate agents with increased requirements for the use ofdigital communication to meet customers and carry out housing transactions. A real estateagents income runs entirely on sales commission, therefore could the new routines that camealong with the pandemic have negative consequences on their financial survival. The purposeof the study was therefore to analyze how real estate agents changed and digitized theirroutines during the Covid-19 pandemic, compared to before the pandemic, to developcustomer relationships, conduct housing transactions and ensure their financial survival. Thestudy was conducted through interviews with brokers, thematization and comparison withroutine theory and previous research. The results showed that brokers conducted fewerpersonal meetings in the home and in their office. They developed routines for combiningpersonal and digital meetings, maintained digital communication via homework, video viewsand social media. They also streamlined their digital routines through mandatory pre-registration for screenings, digital contract signing and use of a digital platform called thesales and buying coach. One of the conclusions that manifested during the study was theincreased distance between broker and customer due to the pandemic. However, this wascompensated by increased usage of digital video, digital signing and the sales- and buyingcoach. The increased digitalisation meant improved efficiency in the brokers' work to developcustomer relationships, carry out housing transactions and secure their financial survival.Brokers are therefore expected to further develop and streamline their digital communicationwith customers in new unexpected ways in the future.

В работе рассматриваются подходы к созданию интеграционной платформы, для цепочки взаимодействия сервисов расположенных в разной доступности сети. Основное внимание сфокусировано на проектировании и разработке сервисной шины предприятия, реализующей событийную интеграцию с помощью брокера сообщений. Как результат представлено готовое решение модуля корпоративной платформы, которое адаптивно под схожие системы. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав и заключения, изложенных на 79 страницах, а также библиографического списка. В работе имеется 18 рисунок. Библиографический список состоит из 36 наименований. / The paper considers approaches to creating an integration platform for the chain of interaction of services located in different network accessibility. The main attention is focused on the design and development of an enterprise service bus that implements event-based integration using a message broker. As a result, a ready-made solution for the corporate platform module is presented, which is adaptive for similar systems. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion set out on 79 pages, as well as a bibliographic list. There are 18 drawings in the work. The bibliographic list consists of 36 titles.

Att estimera slutpriset av en bostadsförsäljning är en komplex uppgift där mäklartexter som beskriver bostäder är en vital del av försäljningen. Denna rapport undersöker om det går att använda mäklartexter för att generera mer träffsäkra estimeringar med maskininlärningsmodeller. Två olika maskininlärningsmodeller implementerades som resultat av en litteraturstudie och utvärderades mot Boolis existerande OLS-modell. De implementerade modellerna är OLS-BERT och Elman regressionsnätverk. OLS-BERT visade en generell förbättring jämfört med Boolis OLS-modell, i synnerhet av F-statistik där mätvärdet sjönk med 99,8 procent. P-värdet i T-statistik för “vista” (utsikten) har sjunkit från 37,7 till 1 procent. Elman regressionsnätverket sänkte Boolis OLS-modells MAPE från 58,5 till 6,62 procent. Modellerna utvärderades med åtta olika mått varav de för studiens viktigaste är MAPE, MAE, F-statistik och T-statistik. Genom att bryta ut attribut ur mäklartexter kan modellen förklara signifikansen hos indata, samt få något mer träffsäkra estimeringar av slutpriset av en bostadsförsäljning. Resultaten visar att det är en intressant metod som med fördel kan vidare utforskas. / Estimating the price of home sales is a complex task, where broker texts describing the housing is a vital part of the sales. This study explore the possibility to use broker texts to generate more accurate estimations using machine learning models. Two different machine learning models were implemented as a result of a literature study and evaluated against Booli’s existing OLS-model. The implemented machine learning models are OLS-BERT and an Elman regression network. OLS-BERT showed a general improvement compared to Booli’s OLS-model, in particular the F-statistic were 99.8 percent lower than Booli’s OLS-model. The p-value in T-statistic for “vista” was 37.7 percent with Booli’s OLS-model and 1 percent with OLS-BERT. The Elman regression network lowered the MAPE of Booli’s OLS-model from 58.5 to 6.62 percent. All models were evaluated using eight different measures, of which the most important for this study is MAPE, MAE, F-statistic, and T-statistic. The conclusion is that by mining attributes from broker texts the models can explain the significance of the input and generate somewhat more accurate estimations of the home sales price of sale. The results show that this is an interesting method that should be further explored.