The main goal of diploma thesis was analysed process management in company DUDÁK - Měšťanský pivovar Strakonice, a.s. Theoretical part explains basic concepts of process management. Practical part contains characteristic of company and describes processes in company. One of main process was analysed closer and in last section are designed methods to improve.

Submitted by Jan Schwarzkopf (jan_schwarzkopf07@yahoo.de) on 2016-03-05T16:47:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Master Thesis - Jan Schwarzkopf.pdf: 2363257 bytes, checksum: 01e918e5aff9dee47691738556f6503c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2016-03-11T13:55:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Master Thesis - Jan Schwarzkopf.pdf: 2363257 bytes, checksum: 01e918e5aff9dee47691738556f6503c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2016-03-14T16:50:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Master Thesis - Jan Schwarzkopf.pdf: 2363257 bytes, checksum: 01e918e5aff9dee47691738556f6503c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-14T16:50:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Master Thesis - Jan Schwarzkopf.pdf: 2363257 bytes, checksum: 01e918e5aff9dee47691738556f6503c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-28 / The following paper was conducted with the support of several entrepreneurs and startups from Brazil. The aim of the research was to find out which impact the Business Model Canvas, further abbreviated as BMC, has on technology-oriented startups in Brazil. The first step of the study was identify some general concepts of entrepreneurship, as well as the conditions and environment of the country. Afterwards, it was focused on defining and comparing different business model tools and concepts to the BMC. After the literature review and meeting with several professionals in the area of entrepreneurship and startups, a questionnaire was formulated in order to conduct the qualitative study and identify the main impact of the tool. The questionnaire was answered by ten startups. In order to check the validity and credibility of the research outcomes, theory and investigator triangulation was used. As a result, the usage of the BMC could be evaluated by obtaining the outcomes and the theory, which showed that Brazilian tech startups are using Osterwalder’s model for the reason of idea creation and testing, validating and pivoting their business model. Interestingly, the research revealed that the entrepreneurs are using the tool often not in the traditional way of printing it, but rather applying it as a thinking approach. Besides, the entrepreneurs are focusing mostly on developing a strong Value Proposition, Customer Segment and sustainable Revenue Streams, while afterwards the remaining building blocks are built. Moreover, the research showed that the startups are using also other concepts, such as the Customer Development Process or Build-Measure-Learn Feedback Loop. These methodologies are often applied together with the BMC and helps to identify the most sustainable components of the business idea. Keywords: Business

Submitted by Cyntia Vilasboas Calixto (cyntiacalixto@gmail.com) on 2017-03-30T18:16:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cyntia_Tese_v. Biblioteca.pdf: 2666826 bytes, checksum: e553bf33e1e293beffd424fb7c3d4105 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-03-30T18:35:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Cyntia_Tese_v. Biblioteca.pdf: 2666826 bytes, checksum: e553bf33e1e293beffd424fb7c3d4105 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-30T19:36:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cyntia_Tese_v. Biblioteca.pdf: 2666826 bytes, checksum: e553bf33e1e293beffd424fb7c3d4105 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-21 / Usually, one multinational enterprise deals with a portfolio of business models, since its foreign subsidiaries cannot just copy the headquarters’ model. Studies on the business model literature highlighted the complexity of this kind of organization, but they did not go further on their international operations. I’m aiming to understand what differs in those models around the globe and how the headquarters can cope with more than one business model by developing the ambidextrous capability. Thus, I’m looking forward to identifying some organizational elements as well as analyzing the network in the host country, which in juxtaposition, will determine the replication, renewal or even innovation of the original business model. In order to do that, I developed a theoretical framework and suggested some propositions based on the literature to evaluate the phenomena. The empirical setting was Brazilian Multinationals, composed by 40 interviews with executives of 17 different firms in both headquarters and their foreign subsidiaries. In addition, I triangulated the information with several types of secondary data, accounting to more than 300 documents. Then, selected four of them to analyze in depth through a multiple case study. The results had shown that multinational enterprises could use several tools to standardize some organizational procedures and share them by best practices through online systems and personal training. However, the host country environment (such as local institutions, staff and customers) stimulates several adaptations in their original model. Therefore, they created some separation mechanisms – spatial, temporal, and contextual - to be able to manage different business models concomitantly, trying to integrate the local culture in their business. Thus, this study contributes to the literature in two ways: (i) it brings to the international business’ perspective the analysis of the multinational’s business model, which can help us to improve our knowledge about the relationship between headquarters and foreign subsidiaries using a different lens; and (ii) in the business model literature, it explores the concept of business models’ portfolio and shows that the process of replication and renewal should be analyzed per foreign operation established by the company. / Em geral, uma empresa multinacional possui um portfólio de modelo de negócios, uma vez que suas subsidiárias no exterior não podem simplesmente copiar o modelo da matriz. A literatura de modelo de negócios destacou a complexidade desse tipo de organização, mas não desenvolveu estudos acerca das operações internacionais. Neste trabalho busca-se compreender quais as divergências entre esses modelos ao redor do globo e de que modo a matriz gerencia mais de um modelo de negócios ao desenvolver a capacidade de ambidestria. Assim, o intuito é identificar alguns elementos organizacionais, bem como analisar a rede em que a empresa está inserida no exterior, que, em justaposição, podem determinar a replicação, renovação ou até mesmo a inovação no modelo de negócios. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um modelo teórico e sugeridas algumas proposições com base na literatura para avaliar o fenômeno. O contexto empírico se estrutura a partir de empresas multinacionais brasileiras, 17, em número mais preciso, onde foram entrevistados 40 executivos, tanto na matriz quanto em suas subsidiárias no exterior. Ainda, a informação foi triangulada com diversos tipos de dados secundários, contabilizando mais de 300 documentos sobre as empresas em questão. Posteriormente, selecionaram-se quatro casos para fazer a análise em profundidade por meio de estudo de caso múltiplo. Os resultados revelaram que as multinacionais brasileiras podem utilizar mais de uma ferramenta para padronizar os procedimentos organizacionais e compartilhá-los por meio de sistemas on-line e treinamentos pessoais. Contudo, o ambiente país de destino (como as instituições locais, as pessoas e os consumidores) estimula algumas adaptações no modelo original. Logo, as empresas criaram mecanismos de separação – espacial, temporal e contextual – para gerenciar concomitantemente diferentes modelos de negócio, tentando integrar a cultura local em suas operações. Sendo assim, este estudo visa contribuir para a literatura em duas formas: (i) insere na perspectiva de negócios internacionais a análise do modelo de negócio de empresas multinacionais, o que pode auxiliar no conhecimento sobre a relação entre matriz e subsidiárias; e (ii) explora, na literatura de modelo de negócios, o conceito de portfólio de modelo de negócios, apresentando que processo de replicação e renovação devem ser analisados por subsidiária no exterior.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:20:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-10-08T00:00:00Z / This paper discusses the innovation of Business Models in organizations. A Business Model is the way a company organizes its resources, abilities and relationships, creating value to its customers. In the current environment of increasing dynamism and competitiveness, companies must develop innovative Business Models in order to differentiate themselves from their competitors, and to create sustainable competitive advantages. Companies like Dell, Amazon, Walmart and Starbucks had developed unique Business Models, which explore their own abilities, and anticipate customer's needs. Many examples of innovative Business Models are described in this paper. The innovation process involves creativity and imagination. Innovative Business Models can be developed through a creativity process of generating ideas and transforming the ideas of best potential into new enterprises. This way companies can create conditions to explore the entrepreneurship potential of its employees. The paper analyses a Case Study in the Institute of Technological Research of São Paulo State (IPT). A new Business Model is suggested to develop the company' entrepreneurship capacity. / O trabalho discute a inovação de Modelo de Negócio nas organizações. Um Modelo de Negócio é a maneira como uma empresa organiza seus recursos, competências e relacionamentos, de forma a criar valor para seus clientes. No ambiente atual de dinamismo e competitividade crescentes, passa a ser fundamental que as empresas desenvolvam Modelos de Negócio inovadores, para poderem se diferenciar de seus concorrentes, e criarem vantagens competitivas duradouras. Empresas como Dell, Amazon, Walmart e Starbucks desenvolveram Modelos de Negócio únicos, baseados em suas próprias competências, e que conseguiram antecipar necessidades de seus clientes. Muitos outros exemplos de Modelos de Negócio inovadores são descritos neste trabalho. A inovação é fundamentalmente um processo que envolve criatividade e imaginação. Modelos de Negócio inovadores podem ser desenvolvidos através de processos criativos que envolvem a geração de idéias, e transformação das idéias de maior potencial em novos empreendimentos. Dessa forma, as empresas podem criar condições para explorar o potencial empreendedor de seus empregados. o final do trabalho retrata um Estudo de Caso no Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo. Um novo Modelo de Negócio é sugerido para desenvolver a capacidade empreendedora do IPT.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The conditioning factors of the globalized world create new demands and opportunities for the development of a corporate management model based on the assumptions of sustainability, which imply substantial investments in innovation. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between strategic management of sustainable innovation, business model and business performance of manufacturing companies. The strategic management of sustainable innovation was analyzed from two dimensions: strategic posture, underpinned on the studies of Schaltegger, Lüdeke-Freund and Hansen (2012) and de Eiriz, Faria and Barbosa (2013); and sustainable innovation practices, evaluated on the basis of Bocken et al. (2014). The analysis of the business model was based on studies of Boons and Lüdeke-Freund (2013), Kiron et al.(2013) and Taran and Boer (2015). Business performance was evaluated by considering the dimensions proposed by Gunday et al. (2011), GRI (2006) and the OECD (2005). The first phase of the research was qualitative; a multiple case study was conducted with four companies from Brazil and four companies from Spain. The results of this phase showed that the management of sustainable innovation is considered to be a strategic issue in the Brazilian companies, and there is a clear relationship between business model and business performance. However, in the Spanish companies, innovation is related to the search for better results, and actions in favor of sustainability occur because of legal restrictions and consumer pressure. An association between the dimensions could not be identified. The results of the qualitative phase have confirmed the guiding assumption that the strategic management of sustainable innovation, the business model and the business performance of companies differ in the business context of an emerging economy such as Brazil and of a developed economy such as Spain. The second phase of the study was quantitative; a survey was conducted with Brazilian manufacturing companies. The results have shown that the strategic management of sustainable innovation is related to the companies' business model and their business performance, as there were positive associations between the dimensions of the independent and dependent variables. There were also differences between the adoption of sustainable management of innovation, degree of innovation of the business model and business performance, as there were significant differences in the test of difference between means and in logistic regression analysis. Thus, the assumptions of this study were confirmed. / Os fatores condicionantes do mundo globalizado criam novas exigências e oportunidades em relação ao desenvolvimento de um modelo de gestão para as organizações que contemple as premissas da sustentabilidade, o que pressupõe investimentos substanciais em inovação. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação da gestão estratégica da inovação sustentável com o modelo de negócios e o desempenho de empresas industriais. A gestão estratégica da inovação sustentável foi analisada a partir de duas dimensões: postura estratégica, tendo como base os estudos de Schaltegger, Lüdeke-Freund e Hansen (2012) e Eiriz, Faria e Barbosa (2013); e práticas de inovação sustentável, avaliadas com base em Bocken et al. (2014). No que se refere ao modelo de negócios, teve-se como base os estudos de Boons e Lüdeke-Freund (2013), Kiron et al., (2013a) e Taran e Boer (2015). O desempenho empresarial foi avaliado considerando as dimensões propostas por Gunday et al. (2011), GRI (2006) e OCDE (2005). A primeira fase da pesquisa caracterizou-se como qualitativa e foi conduzida a partir de um estudo de casos múltiplos com quatro empresas do Brasil e quatro empresas da Espanha. Os resultados dessa fase permitiram concluir que, nas empresas brasileiras, a gestão da inovação sustentável é considerada uma questão estratégica, ficando evidenciada uma relação com o modelo de negócios e o desempenho empresarial. Porém, nas empresas espanholas, a inovação está relacionada com a busca por melhores resultados, e as ações em prol da sustentabilidade ocorrem em virtude de restrições legais e pressões dos consumidores, não sendo possível identificar uma associação entre as dimensões analisadas. A partir dos resultados da etapa qualitativa, foi possível confirmar o pressuposto norteador de que a gestão estratégica da inovação sustentável, o modelo de negócios e o desempenho se diferenciam no contexto empresarial de uma economia emergente como o Brasil e de uma economia desenvolvida como a Espanha. A segunda etapa do estudo caracterizou-se como quantitativa e compreendeu a realização de uma pesquisa survey com empresas industriais brasileiras. Os resultados permitiram observar que a gestão estratégica da inovação sustentável está relacionada com o modelo de negócios e o desempenho empresarial, na medida em que foram encontradas associações positivas entre as dimensões das variáveis dependente e independentes. Também foi possível verificar diferenças entre a adoção de uma gestão da inovação sustentável, o grau de inovação do modelo de negócios de negócios e o desempenho empresarial, tendo em vista que foram constatadas diferenças significativas no teste de diferença de médias e na análise de regressão logística. Desse modo, foi possível confirmar as hipóteses norteadoras do estudo.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:51:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielAM_TESE.pdf: 4551921 bytes, checksum: 78231b4f7adec59846b9fe6cce21a5f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-04 / Some authors have shown the need of understanding the technological structuring process in contemporary firms. From this perspective, the software industry is a very important element because it provides products and services directly to many organizations from many fields. In this case, the Brazilian software industry has some peculiarities that distinguish it from other industries located in developed countries, which makes its understanding even more relevant. There is evidence that local firms take different strategies and structural configurations to enter into a market naturally dominated by large multinational firms. Therefore, this study aims to understand not only the structural configurations assumed by domestic firms but also the dynamic and the process that lead to these different configurations. To do so, this PhD dissertation investigates the institutional environment, its entities and the isomorphic movements, by employing an exploratory, descriptive and explanatory multiple cases study. Eight software development companies from the Recife's information technology Cluster were visited. Also, a form was applied and an interview with one of the main firm s professional was conducted. Although the study is predominantly qualitative, part of the data was analyzed through charts and graphs, providing a companies and environment overview that was very useful to analysis done through the interviews interpretation. As a result, it was realized that companies are structured around hybrids business models from two ideal types of software development companies, which are: software factory and technology-based company. Regarding the development process, it was found that there is a balanced distribution between the traditional and agile development paradigm. Among the traditional methodologies, the Rational Unified Process (RUP) is predominant. The Scrum is the most used methodology among the organizations based on the Agile Manifesto's principles. Regarding the structuring process, each institutional entity acts in such way that generates different isomorphic pressure. Emphasis was given to entities such as customers, research agencies, clusters, market-leading businesses, public universities, incubators, software industry organizations, technology vendors, development tool suppliers and manager s school and background because they relate themselves in a close way with the software firms. About this relationship, a dual and bilateral influence was found. Finally, the structuring level of the organizational field has been also identified as low, which gives a chance to organizational actors of acting independently / Alguns autores t?m apontado para a necessidade de se compreender o processo de estrutura??o tecnol?gica nas empresas contempor?neas. Nesta perspectiva, a ind?stria de software tem tido papel fundamental, pois fornecem produtos e servi?os diretamente vinculados ? estrutura??o tecnol?gica de organiza??es das mais diversas ?reas de atua??o. No caso, a ind?stria brasileira de software apresenta algumas particularidades que a diferenciam de outras ind?strias situadas em pa?ses centrais, o que torna seu entendimento ainda mais relevante. H? evid?ncias de que as empresas nacionais assumem configura??es estruturais e estrat?gicas diferenciadas para ocupar esse mercado naturalmente dominado por empresas multinacionais de grande porte. Por essa raz?o, a presente tese tem como objetivo compreender n?o s? as configura??es assumidas pelas empresas nacionais de desenvolvimento de software, como tamb?m a din?mica e o processo que as levam a tal estrutura??o. Para isso, a pesquisa investiga o ambiente institucional, suas entidades e, consequentemente, os movimentos isom?rficos associados ? ind?stria de software, empregando um estudo, fundamentalmente, qualitativo, explorat?rio, descritivo e explicativo, atrav?s da estrat?gia de estudo de m?ltiplos casos. Foram feitas visitas t?cnicas ? 8 empresas do polo de tecnologia da informa??o da regi?o metropolitana de Recife, sendo aplicado um formul?rio e realizada uma entrevista com profissional em cargo de destaque dentro de cada empresa. Apesar de o estudo ser, predominantemente, qualitativo, parte dos dados coletados foi processada atrav?s de tabelas e gr?ficos, fornecendo uma vis?o geral das empresas e do ambiente investigados e subsidiando as an?lises em profundidade feitas a partir da interpreta??o do conte?do obtido com as entrevistas. Como resultado, pode-se dizer que as empresas se estruturam em torno de modelos de neg?cio h?bridos provenientes de dois tipos ideais de empresas de desenvolvimento de software, quais sejam: f?brica de software e empresa de base tecnol?gica. No que diz respeito ao processo produtivo, verificou-se que existe uma distribui??o equilibrada entre o paradigma de desenvolvimento tradicional e o ?gil. Dentre as metodologias tradicionais, a Rational Unified Process (RUP) ? a predominante. J? a metodologia Scrum ? a mais empregada entre empresas estruturadas a partir dos princ?pios do manifesto ?gil. Quanto ao processo de estrutura??o, foi encontrado que as entidades presentes no ambiente institucional atuam de forma diferente umas das outras, gerando for?as isom?rficas distintas e com variada intensidade. Destaque deve ser dado ?s entidades como clientes, ?rg?os de fomento ? pesquisa, arranjos produtivos locais, empresas l?deres de mercado, universidades p?blicas, incubadoras, entidades setoriais, fornecedores de tecnologia para o desenvolvimento de software e escola de forma??o e o background dos gestores, pois esses mant?m estreita rela??o com a estrutura??o das organiza??es investigadas. Acerca dessa rela??o, pode-se dizer que existe dualidade, tornando bilateral o tr?nsito de for?as isom?rficas. Por fim, constatou-se que o campo organizacional identificado ainda possui baixo n?vel de estrutura??o, o que abre espa?o para a a??o aut?noma dos atores organizacionais e, consequentemente, para as empresas de desenvolvimento de software

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) handlar om hur företag kan ta ansvar för det samhälle som de verkar inom och innefattar såväl miljöansvar som socialt ansvar. Det är ett högaktuellt ämne som diskuterats länge, men som fick fart under 50-talet. Som ett resultat av diskussionen har trycket på att företag ska bedriva ett CSR-arbete ökat från såväl kunderna och konsumenterna som från andra intressenter som påverkas av företagets arbete. För att hantera de ökande förväntningarna kan företag implementera CSR i deras affärsmodell.Syftet med studien är därför att skapa förståelse för hur CSR kan implementeras i ett företags affärsmodell. För att uppfylla syftet har en kvalitativ studie utförts. Den empiriska datan samlades in genom telefonintervjuer hos ett företag som ligger i framkant med sitt CSR-arbete. Den teoretiska referensramen syftar till att skapa förståelse för de aspekter av CSR som är särskilt relevanta för ett företags affärsmodell. Den teoretiska referensramen täcker miljö- och samhällsansvar, kommunikationsstrategier, CSR-initiativ, intressenter, CSR-kommunikation, konkurrensfördelar samt motivationsfaktorer. För att ett företag ska kunna implementera CSR i sin affärsmodell krävs ett noga genomtänkt arbete inom samtliga delar av företagets affärsmodell. I ingen av affärsmodellens beståndsdelar får CSR-aspekten ignoreras, eftersom CSR-arbetet bör vara integrerat i samtliga delar av affärsmodellen. Detta innebär inte att företaget inte kan välja att lägga mer fokus på specifika delar av affärsmodellen. Företaget bör däremot känna till att det kan uppstå problem om en del av affärsmodellen är alltför bristfällig, eftersom alla delar av affärsmodellen hör ihop. Ett företag bör dessutom ha en god kommunikation med deras intressenter och resten av marknaden, ta ansvar för samhället och miljön, känna till deras konkurrensfördelar och kontinuerligt arbeta med olika CSR-initiativ. / Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is about companies and their responsibilities towards the society in which they operate. The term covers societal- as well as environmental responsibilities, which are topics that have been discussed for a long time, especially since the 50’s. As a result of the discussion, consumers, customers and other stakeholders have increased their expectations on corporate responsibilities. To better cope with the increasing expectations, a company can implement CSR into their business model. This led to the purpose of the paper, which is to create an understanding of how CSR can be implemented into a company's business model. To fulfill the purpose, a qualitative research has been conducted. The empirical data was gathered through phone interviews and the interviewed company was chosen for being known for their CSR. The chosen theoretical framework covers aspects that are considered to be connected to the components of a business model. The theoretical framework covers societal- and environmental responsibilities, communication strategies, CSR-initiatives, CSR-communication, competitive advantages and motivational factors. A company needs to dedicate a considerable amount of time into evaluating and deciding on how to implement CSR into each component of their business-model. None of the components of a company's business model can be left out from the CSR work that the company wishes to conduct. If one component is inadequate, the whole company can be affected since all the components are well connected. However, the company can still decide on which parts of the business-model they want to put emphasis on. The company should have a good communication with their stakeholders and the rest of the market, take responsibility for the society and the environment, know their competitive advantages and continuously work with different CSR-initiatives.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a perspectiva econômica e modelo de negócio da tecnologia de telecomunicação nas redes de distribuição de energia elétrica. Essa integração entre a tecnologia de telecomunicação e a rede de distribuição constitui um sistema conhecido como rede inteligente ou smart grid. Neste estudo são analisados os modelos de rede inteligentes mais significativos do mundo, os quais ainda se encontram em fase inicial. Na análise da implantação da rede inteligente em diversos países, observa-se a existência de diferentes motivações. Por exemplo, no caso norte-americano, trata-se dos esforços do setor de energia em garantir a confiabilidade no abastecimento. Na Europa, há um grande comprometimento com a redução de carbono e gases causadores do efeito estufa. No Brasil, busca-se uma estratégia para melhorar aspectos técnicos da distribuição, diminuir as perdas técnicas, eliminar ou reduzir o roubo de energia e ajustar a oferta de energia com o crescimento urbano e industrial, aprimorando a regulamentação sobre o setor. Além da ausência de padrões de telecomunicação, que se constitui em restrição para todos os projetos de smart grid, o Brasil apresenta grandes entraves para a implantação da rede inteligente, como as tarifas elevadas para os consumidores, as dificuldades para um despacho ótimo das unidades geradoras, o elevado volume de perdas no sistema elétrico, o baixo consumo de eletricidade em termos per capita, o elevado número de medidores a serem substituídos e as diferentes características das concessionárias. Com o objetivo de eliminar ou reduzir esses entraves, propõe-se neste estudo um modelo de negócio que determina, como mais significativos, os investimentos em tecnologia da comunicação e em medidores bidirecionais. O modelo proposto avalia uma série de benefícios, dentre os quais destacam-se a redução das perdas comerciais e a redução das ligações informais. Adicionalmente, o modelo pode colaborar na modernização da rede de distribuição e para o crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto com menores investimentos em geração e transmissão e, portanto, com responsabilidade ambiental. / This thesis aims at evaluating the economic perspective and business model of the telecommunications technology in the electric power distribution system. The integration between the telecommunications systems and the distribution electric grid constitutes a new system known as intelligrid or \"smart grid\". The analysis of the most important smart grid models in the world, which are still in initial stage, shows that different countries have different motivations for the smart grid deployment. For example, the deployment motivations in USA are mostly related to efforts of the power sector to ensure reliability of the energy supply. In Europe there is a big commitment to reduce carbon and greenhouse gases. In Brazil a strategy is being sought to improve the electric power distribution grid, reduce technical losses, eliminate or reduce the theft of electricity, and match energy supply to urban and industrial growth, improving regulation of the power sector. In addition to the lack of telecommunications standards, which is a constraint for all smart grid projects, in Brazil there are high barriers to the smart grid deployment, such as high tariffs to consumers, difficulties for an optimal dispatch of generating units, a high volume of losses in the electrical system, a low per capita electricity consumption, a large number of meters to be replaced, and the different profiles of the electric power distribution companies. Aiming at eliminating or reducing such barriers, a business model framework is proposed, which determines investments in communications technology and in two-way meters as the most significant ones. The proposed model evaluates a number of benefits, among which the most important are the reduction of commercial losses and the reduction of informal connections to the mains. Additionally, the model can assist in upgrading the power distribution system and the growth of GDP with lower investments in generation and transmission, and, therefore, with environmental responsibility.

Förändringar i affärsvärlden och på marknaden leder till att företag idag ständigt ställs införnya utmaningar. Vi befinner oss i ett digitaliserat samhälle som är under ständig förändring.Det är något som företag måste förhålla sig till. Företagen står inför utmaningen attdigitalisera sin verksamhet för att förhålla sig till en förändrande marknad och allt merdigitaliserade kunder. Utökande av kommunikationsnät och infrastruktur har möjliggjort förkunder att verka i en mer uppkopplad miljö än tidigare. För att verksamheter ska vara med ispelet bland de konkurrenskraftiga organisationerna, leder det till en av anledningarna till attföretagen kommer i kontakt med IT-trender inom digitalisering som Big Data, Internet ofThings och Cloud Computing. Affärsmodellen är en huvudsaklig aspekt att ta hänsyn till ochjustera vid digitalisering. Studien syftar därmed till att undersöka rollen för de tre nämnda ITtrendernai en verksamhet och hur affärsmodellen faktiskt påverkas. Studiens slutsatser visarpå att användandet av de tre IT-trenderna är låg idag och vad gäller affärsmodellen har detskett en låg påverkan på även om medvetenhet finns i hur den bör påverkas. IT-trendernafinns dock ständigt på agendan och kommer spela en stor roll framöver inom verksamhetersamtidigt som affärsmodellen kommer få en större påverkan. / Changes in the business world and on the market means that companies today are constantlyfaced with new challenges. We are in a digitized society that is constantly changing. It issomething that companies must adhere to. The companies face the challenge of digitizing itsoperations to respond to a changing market and increasingly digitized customers. Extension ofnetworks and infrastructure has enabled customers to work in a more connected world thanbefore. For businesses to be included in the game among the competitive organizations, itleads to one of the reasons that companies will use the IT trends in digitization as Big Data,Internet of Things and Cloud Computing. The business model is a main aspect to be takeninto account and adjust for digitization. The study thus aims to examine the role of these threeIT trends in the business and how the business model actually is affected. The study's findingsshow that the use of the three IT trends are low today, and in terms of the business model hasbeen a low impact on even if consciousness is how it should be affected. The IT trends are,however, constantly on the agenda and will play a big role in the future in the activities whilethe business model will have a larger impact.

近年來，在資通訊快速發展與公民意識崛起的環境下，開放資料開始成為各國關注的議題之一。運用開放資料致力於資訊透明、達至公眾參與與協同合作的三個目標，不但將政府資訊透明化、節省資訊流通成本，同時能夠藉由開放資料提供民眾更便捷的生活，並運用於經濟發展。 本研究運用公私協作模型，探討台灣在開放資料的發展過程中，政府、企業與公民間的互動關係，並藉此檢驗三方之間是否平衡運作。研究過程，透過相關文獻的檢閱分析三方的協作分析過程，並以運用開放資料進行商業開發的「公車通」、「KNY台灣天氣」、「觀天氣」與「天氣風險管理開發」作為本研究的個案，補足公私協作上的企業方的實務觀點。並先以企業的角度探討企業成功運用開放資料進行商業開放的關鍵因素，及現階段運用開放資料進行商業開發的發展情況。再將這企業個案放置於公私協作架構中，探討政府、企業與公民三方之間的互動關係。 本研究發現，先進者優勢、因開發者背景所取得之資源，以及對於政府開放資料的依賴程度為企業成功運用開放資料進行商業開發的關鍵因素。另外，政府、企業與公民在公私協作上，並非單向而為雙向的互動關係，且「政府」為公私民協作是否能夠平衡運作的關鍵角色。並經由此研究分析給予建議：1.企業若降低對政府開放資料的依賴程度，並運用組織人才及其關鍵資源，將能夠增加商業模式的差異性。2.政府不應干涉企業與民間於運用開放資料進行商業發展的市場。3.政府須提出完備的獎勵機制，亦或黑客公務員的加入，突破政府的穀倉效應。 / With the rise of civic consciousness, and the rapid development of information and communication technologies, open data become the important issue around the world. The purpose of the study uses the Public-Private-People-Partnership theory to investigate the interactional relationship within government, enterprises and citizen in the process of promoting open data in Taiwan. In addition, using the business model to investigate the key factors in developing business with open data successfully from the perspective of enterprises. The research adopts case study and in-depth interviews as the research tools to investigate. Furthermore, this research finds out that first-mover advantage, the resources enterprises have and the degree of dependence on open government data are the key factors in business development. In addition, the interactions within government, enterprises and citizen are not only unidirectional but bidirectional. And the operation of government will be the key factor to the balance in Public-Private-People-Partnership model. This study suggests that (a) If enterprise reduce the dependence on the open government data and use resources properly, it will increase the difference in its business model. (b) The government in Taiwan should not interfere the market in the business development with open data. (c) The government in Taiwan should set the performance incentives completely, and let more hacker civil servants join into public sector to break through silo effect.