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Effet de l'organisation nanométrique sur les propriétés de matériaux pour piles solides au lithiumVolel, Maritza January 2004 (has links)
Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
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Testování a rozvoj kondice v Allkampf-jitsu / Testing and development of the condition in Allkampf-jitsuSemotán, Pavel January 2015 (has links)
Title: Effect of training on the development condition in Allkampf-jitsu. Objectives: The main objective is to design and evaluate a training program teaching selected techniques in Allkampf-jitsu, which would have a selected group for a period of time to increase the level of physical fitness. Methods: The experiment was carried out by direct and participant observation of two test groups (each group consisted of approximately 15 subjects studied). It was used method of testing and measurement. In this work it was found using the test method level motor ability and motor skills. To determine the physical fitness tests were used selected from the test battery SPFT (Specific Physical Fitness Test). Results: The aim of this work was to design and evaluate a training program for advanced in Allkampf-jitsu, which should at selected experimental group for a period of time to increase physical fitness. The level of physical fitness is verified using the test battery SPFT. For statistically significant (significant) result was considered such a result, when the p value was less than 0.05 (5% probability). For the statistical evaluation, we used paired t-test for dependent data. From the final results showed that the proposed training program is effective in developing high-speed capability. The...
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Morphology of electrodeposited Na on Al electrodesMelin, Tim January 2019 (has links)
The demand for alternative secondary batteries to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) grows. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been studied for many years and could replace LIBsfor some application. Metallic anodes for both LIBs and SIBs are interesting due totheir high energy densities. Several aspects such as reactivity, stability and depositionmorphology must be properly addressed before metallic Na could be considered apossible anode material. This study aims to evaluate deposition of Na on Alelectrodes using fundamental electrochemical theories. Na deposition was studiedusing pouch cells and sodium triflate (NaOTf) in dimethyl glycol ether (diglyme) aselectrolyte. Galvanostatic deposition using different current densities, electrolyteconcentrations and potential pulses prior to galvanostatic deposition were tested. Theelectrochemical methods used in this study were galvanostatic deposition andchronoamperometry. The morphology of deposited Na was analyzed with ex-situscanning electron microscopy (SEM). A decrease of the size of deposited Na islandswas observed for both increasing current density and decreasing electrolyteconcentration. Fluctuations and poor stability in the deposition potential wereobtained when decreasing the electrolyte concentration under 0.5 M and also whenincreasing the current density over 1 mA cm-2. The most homogeneous depositionwas obtained with a 1030 ms potential pulse amplitude (-3 V vs. Na+/Na) prior togalvanostatic deposition (1 mA cm-2, 0.5 mAh cm-2) using 0.1 M NaOTf in diglyme aselectrolyte. Reproducibility was a major issue in this study and further investigation ofseveral parameters is needed.
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Modeling Degradation Mechanisms in Rechargeable Lithium-Ion BatteriesAniruddha Jana (6639500) 14 May 2019 (has links)
<div>A physics-based, multiscale framework is presented to describe the degradation in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The framework goes beyond traditional (empirical) coulomb-counting approaches and enables the identification of different degradation regimes of behavior. Macroscopically, five degradation mechanisms: (i) solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth on the anode, (ii) electrolyte oxidation on the cathode, (iii) anode active material loss and (iv) cathode active material loss due to chemomechanical fracture, and (v) dendrite growth were identified and modeled. Great emphasis was placed on describing the physics of lithium dendrite growth in order to demonstrate five distinguishable regimes: thermodynamic suppression regime, incubation regime, tip-controlled growth regime, base-controlled growth regime, and mixed growth regime. Mesoscopically, three local dendrite growth mechanisms are identified: 1) electrochemical shielding, where there is practically no electrodeposition/electrodissolution, 2) stress-induced electrodissolution and electrodeposition on those interfaces directly facing each other, generating a self-sustained overpotential that pushes the dendrites towards the counter electrode, and 3) lateral plastic extrusion in those side branches experiencing non-hydrostatic stresses. Overall, the experimentally validated theoretical framework allows to fundamentally understand battery degradation and sets the stage to design high energy density and fast charging rechargeable batteries. </div><div><br></div>
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Organosiloxane-Boron Based Liquid Electrolytes for Application in Lithium-Air BatteriesAlzharani, Ahmed A 14 December 2018 (has links)
The synthesis of 2,4,6,8-Tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4H), and Poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS) average molecular weight 1700-3200 g/mol, were functionalized with different repeat units of methoxy polyethylene glycol (PEG) (n = 8,12,17). These compounds act as polymer electrolytes with a backbone of siloxane and they were prepared via hydro-silylation reaction to be functionalized with different molecular weights of Ally-PEG. The compounds were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. A hydro-silylation reaction between the functionalized AllyPEG of different molecular weights produced four compounds with a low glass transition temperature that could improve comb like polymer electrolytes conductivity by reducing crystalline phase of PEO.
Another way to increase the percentage of the amorphous phase of PEO is to blend it with other polymers. The blending method is considered to be an important method to improve the ionic conductivities and dimensional stability of polymer electrolytes. The main advantages of the blend systems are the simplicity of preparation and the ease to control the physical properties. A high molecular weight of poly 2- vinyl pyridine (Mw=200,000) was added to improve the dimensional stability. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermal analysis shows that all the blend systems will exhibit an increase in the glass transition temperature by increasing the salt content.
The other novel synthesis of polymer electrolytes are triglyme borane and borosilicate. They were synthesized via hydro-boration. These compounds were characterized and confirmed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR 13C NMR spectroscopy.
The ionic conductivity of both systems, pure and blend, of different compositions were determined at four temperatures i.e. 25°C, 40°C, 55°C and 70°C. A maximum ionic conductivity value of the siloxane blend is 9.1x10-4 S cm-1 and the pure triglyme borane is 2.14x10-3 S cm-1 at ambient temperature. The ratios of ethylene oxide to lithium salt of siloxane blend and pure triglyme borane were 10:1 and 35:1 respectively. These ratios were the highest conductivity obtained in all the electrolyte systems. The ionic conductivity increases with increasing temperature and salt content to reach optimum concentration. This behavior results in ionic transport, which is supported by the segmental motion of the polymer matrix host.
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Synthèse par électrodépôt en milieu liquide ionique de nanostructures de Si/TiO2, Al/TiO2 et Si-Al/TiO2 nanotubes pour électrode négative de batterie Li-ion. / Electrochemical synthesis of nanostructured Si/TiO2, Al/TiO2 and Si-Al/TiO2 nanotubes composite from ionic liquid electrolyte as negative electrode for Li-ion batteries.Nemaga, Abirdu woreka 29 January 2019 (has links)
Parmi les différents systèmes de stockage d’énergie électrique étudiés depuis plus de 2 siècles, le stockage électrochimique de type batterie Li-Ion est vraisemblablement le plus pertinent et le plus efficace. Des verrous demeurent cependant pour avoir des batteries Li-Ion répondants aux besoins actuels, et une des limitations provient des matériaux d’électrodes. Le silicium est un candidat de choix pour répondre aux problématiques batteries posées, cependant sa tenue au cyclage est courte et les méthodes de synthèse sont souvent très contraignantes. Associant deux laboratoires de recherche acteurs majeurs dans le domaines des nanosciences (le LRN à l’URCA) et des matériaux et batteries (le LRCS à l’UPJV) le projet pluridisciplinaire NanoSiBL d’une durée de 36 mois se fixe pour objectif d’apporter des solutions aux deux points précédents par : 1, la réalisation d’électrodes négatives en Silicium par une voie de synthèse bas coût originale et innovante développée au LRN (l’électrodépôt en milieu liquide ionique), 2 un accroissement de la durée de vie de l’électrode grâce à deux types de structuration (soit une électrode constituée de nanofils/nanotubes de Si monolithique soit une électrode nanostructurée composite de Si/TiO2). L’expertise dans le domaine des batteries du LRCS devrait permettre sur ce deuxième point de déterminer la géométrie et configuration idéale de l’électrode en termes de performance. Basé des méthodes d’élaboration par électrochimie bas coût et originale, NanoSiBL a pour objectif, grâce au partage de compétences et de technologie entre physiciens et chimistes impliqués, d’initier une nouvelle thématique inter-établissement axée sur la valorisation de nanostructures de silicium et silicium composite nanostructuré. L’intérêt scientifique de ce projet réside dans la mise en œuvre et le contrôle des propriétés intrinsèques de ces nanostructures à base de silicium pour la réalisation d’électrodes négatives performantes de batterie Li-Ion. Dans la littérature, les électrodes négatives à base silicium ou silicium composite (type Si/TiO2) ont déjà démontré une amélioration par rapport aux électrodes de silicium massif. Néanmoins, le passage à des dispositifs opérationnels reste peu fréquent car les voies permettant de contenir l’expansion en volume du silicium restent à éprouver et car les méthodes utilisées pour élaborer ces nanofils de silicium (Chemical Vapor Deposition, évaporation réactive…) restent très contraignantes, tant au niveau des conditions de croissance (nécessité d’utiliser des précurseurs métalliques et des gaz très toxiques) que des coûts de fabrication (travail sous ultra-vide, nombreuses étapes pour la réalisation des dispositifs avec la nécessité de réaliser des contacts post-croissance…). NanoSiBL propose donc une alternative en réelle rupture technologique avec les méthodes de synthèse actuelles. Les techniques de croissance (électrodépôt en liquide ionique) et de nanostructuration (au sein de membranes polycarbonates ou nanotubes de TiO2) utilisées dans le projet permettront la mise au point d’électrodes à bas coût performantes pour l’application batterie Li-Ion visée. En outre la variété conséquente de géométries possibles proposées par les membranes nanoporeuses qui seront utilisées dans le projet (polycarbonate ou nanotubes de TiO2) permettra d’établir un comparatif essentiel de l’impact de la nanostructuration ou encore de la composition des électrodes pour contenir l’expansion en volume du silicium lors du cyclage et ainsi améliorer la durée de vie de telles électrodes (batterie). / Among the various electric energy storage systems studied for more than two centuries, the electrochemical storage battery type Li-Ion is probably the most relevant and most effective. however locks remain for Li-Ion batteries respondents to current needs, and limitations comes from the electrode materials. Silicon is a prime candidate to meet the challenges posed batteries, however its resistance to cycling is short and synthesis methods are often very restrictive. Combining two research laboratories major players in the fields of nanoscience (the LRN to URCA) and materials and batteries (the LRCS to UPJV) the multidisciplinary project NanoSiBL a period of 36 months set the objective of provide solutions to the above two points: 1, the realization of negative electrodes in silicon by a synthetic route down original and innovative cost developed LRN (electrodeposition in ionic liquid medium), 2 increased lifetime of the electrode through two types of structuring (or one electrode made of nanowires / nanotubes Si monolithic or a composite nanostructured electrode Si / TiO2). The expertise in the field of LRCS of batteries should allow this second point to determine the geometry and ideal configuration of the electrode in terms of performance. Based methods developed by electrochemistry low cost and original NanoSiBL aims, through the sharing of expertise and technology between physicists and chemists involved, to initiate an inter-establishment new theme focused on valuation and silicon nanostructures composite nanostructured silicon. The scientific interest of this project lies in the implementation and control of the intrinsic properties of these nanostructures based on silicon for making efficient negative electrodes of Li-Ion battery. In the literature, the negative electrodes based on silicon or silicon composite (type Si / TiO2) have already demonstrated improvement compared to bulk silicon electrodes. However, the transition to operational devices remains uncommon for ways to contain the expansion in volume of the silicon are experiencing and because the methods used to develop these silicon nanowires (chemical vapor deposition, reactive evaporation ...) remain very restrictive both in terms of growth conditions (the need to use metal precursors and highly toxic gases) that manufacturing costs (labor UHV, many steps for the realization of devices with the need for contacts post- growth…). NanoSiBL proposes an alternative in real technological break with the current methods of synthesis. growth techniques (electrodeposition in ionic liquid) and nanostructuring (in polycarbonates or TiO2 nanotube membranes) used in the project will enable the development of electrodes at low cost efficient for application referred Li-Ion battery. Furthermore the consequent variety of possible geometries offered by the nanoporous membranes to be used in the project (polycarbonate or TiO2 nanotubes) will establish a critical comparison of the impact of the nanostructure or composition of electrodes to contain expansion by volume of the silicon during the cycling and improve the life of such electrodes (battery).
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COMÉRCIO DE CELULARES E DESCARTE DE BATERIAS: ESTUDO DE CASO EM GOIÂNIABorges, Liliane de Moura 24 February 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / One of the most serious environmental problems is the proper management of
solid waste. The early obsolescence of electronics because of technological
advances and the growth of sales volume of mobile phone including the informal
sector contribute to increase the amount of waste generated. Disposal of mobile
phone batteries in household waste represents loss to the environment, because
of toxic elements composition, if are accommodated in landfills or land, represent
health and environmental impact causing the contamination of people, animals,
and ground sheets water tables. The Brazilian legislation defines shared
responsibility for the lifecycle of the product and reverse logistics as a tool for
reducing environmental impact. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the
knowledge of the mobile phone vendors in the informal market about
environmental legislation for disposal of batteries, diagnose the social
responsibility of those vendors related to hazardous wastes and finally, identify if
there practice of reverse logistics process. The methodology used was Case
Study in degree compared between two popular markets managed by the private
entity and the government office. The research is exploratory and descriptive order
through a literature review and field research. The respondents for the research
were the sellers of mobile phone that working in two popular markets and the data
were collected through semi-structured interview. The results show that there is
little consumer participation in the process of discarding cell phone batteries that
100% of the respondents have no knowledge about the legislation for disposal of
cell phone batteries and that vendors don t have co-responsible behave in the
reverse logistics process for the environmentally disposal of cell phone batteries.
Therefore, it is recommended environmental education as a tool to give
information to promote change in the behavior of users and mobile phone vendors
in the informal market in Goiânia. / Um dos problemas ambientais mais graves é o manejo adequado dos resíduos
sólidos. A obsolescência precoce dos produtos eletrônicos em razão do avanço
tecnológico e o crescimento do volume de venda de telefone celular, inclusive no
mercado informal, contribuem para aumentar a quantidade de resíduos gerados.
O descarte de baterias de celular em lixo domiciliar representa prejuízo ao meio
ambiente, pois estas, devido à composição de elementos tóxicos, se acomodadas
nos aterros sanitários ou no solo, provocam impacto ambiental, causando a
contaminação de pessoas, animais, subsolo e lençóis freáticos. A legislação
brasileira prevê a responsabilidade compartilhada pelo ciclo de vida do produto e
a logística reversa como instrumento para mitigar impactos ambientais negativos.
Nesse contexto, o trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o conhecimento que os
vendedores de telefone celular do comércio informal têm sobre a legislação
ambiental para descarte de baterias, visando diagnosticar a responsabilidade
social deste vendedor quanto ao destino dos resíduos perigosos e, por fim,
identificar se há prática do processo de logística reversa. A metodologia utilizada
foi o Estudo de Caso em grau comparativo entre dois centros de comércio popular
administrados por ente privado e pelo poder público. A pesquisa tem fim
exploratório e descritivo por meio de levantamento bibliográfico e pesquisa de
campo. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os vendedores de telefone celular que
trabalham nos dois centros de comércio popular e os dados foram coletados por
entrevista semi-estruturada. Os resultados apontam que existe pouca participação
do consumidor no processo de devolução das baterias, que 100% dos
entrevistados não têm conhecimento sobre a legislação de descarte de baterias e
que os comerciantes não têm comportamento corresponsável no processo de
logística reversa para a destinação final ambientalmente adequada das baterias
de celulares. Diante disso, recomenda-se a educação ambiental como
instrumento de informação para promover a mudança de comportamento dos
usuários e vendedores de telefone celular do mercado informal de Goiânia.
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The identification and down selection of suitable cathode materials for use in next generation thermal batteriesGiagloglou, Kyriakos January 2017 (has links)
In this work new novel cathode materials such as transition-metal sulfides, chlorides or fluorides were investigated and studied for their use in lithium ion thermal batteries. All cathodes were synthesized by a solid state reaction in sealed quartz tubes with a duration of firing for 1 week at high temperatures ( > 500 °C). All structures of compounds were probed by powder X-ray diffraction and the morphology and shape of crystallites of cathodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of the batteries were investigated by galvanostatic discharge and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique at high temperatures (> 400 °C). All the batteries used as an anode Li₁₃Si₄, as an electrolyte LiCl-KCl eutectic and as separator MgO. All the products of the discharge mechanism were confirmed using powder X-ray diffraction and EDX analysis. CoNi₂S₄ and NiCo₂S₄ exhibit two voltage plateaux vs Li₁₃Si₄ at 500 °C, one at around 1.75 V and the second at 1.50 V. Capacities of 350 and 290 mA h g⁻¹ were achieved, respectively. NiS, Co₃S₄ and Co₉S₈ were confirmed as the products of discharge mechanism. ZrS₃ exhibits a single flat voltage plateau of 1.70 V at a current density of 11 mA/cm² and a capacity of 357 mA h g⁻¹, at 500 °C was obtained. A new material, LiZr₂S₄, was identified as the product of the electrochemical process, which can be indexed to a = 10.452(8) Å cubic unit cell. KNiCl₃ was tested at different current densities from 15 mA/cm² to 75 mA/cm² and a high cell voltage, with a capacity of 262 mA h g⁻¹ was achieved at 425 °C. Ni metal, KCl and LiCl were confirmed as the products of the discharge mechanism. Li₂MnCl₄ was tested at the same current densities as KNiCl₃ at 400 °C and a capacity of 254 mA h g⁻¹ was achieved. Mn metal and LiCl were confirmed as the products after discharge. Li₆VCl₈ has a capacity of 145 mA h g⁻¹ and a flat voltage plateau of 1.80 V at 500 °C. NiCl₂ has also a capacity of 360 mA h g⁻¹ and a high voltage profile of 2.25 V at 500 °C. CoCl₂ exhibits a lower capacity of 332 mA h g⁻¹ and lower voltage profile compared to NiCl₂ at 500 °C. CuF₂ and PbF₂ were tested at 500 °C. PbF₂ exhibits a single flat voltage plateau of 1.25 V and a capacity of 260 mA h g⁻¹ was obtained. CuF₂ has a high voltage profile but a voltage plateau could not be obtained.
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Caracterização das escórias provenientes da reciclagem de baterias de chumbo-ácidoAndrade, Micheli Barbosa de 03 February 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In Brazil, the main source of lead metal is derived from recycled lead-acid batteries by the pyrometallurgical process. The process consists in separating the components of lead-acid battery and subsequent fusion of the metal in the furnace to reduce the rotational type. Recycling is an economical alternative, sustainable and environmentally friendly but, recycling industries are potentially polluting. During the process, there is generating a large amount of slag, which may contain metals that were present in raw material or that were added to the reactions necessary to
promote the recycling process. This slag is classified as Class I waste, hazardous waste, according to Brazilian standard NBR 10004 Brazilian Association of Technical Standards and (ABNT) and must have as the final destination of hazardous waste landfill. The contribution of this paper lies in the chemical evaluation of the slag from the recycling of lead batteries; structural characterizations, indicate that in turn, forms of association of the metal, and their potential to mobilize heavy metals from the method of Tessier (Method of selective extraction applied to soils and sediments) applied to the residue in order to evaluate the conditions in which metals can be removed in the same. Data from x-ray fluorescence (XRF) showed a predominance of the elements Fe, Si, S, Al, Ca, Pb and Zn, with the initial sample had a higher quality metals and in a much higher sample. By x-ray diffraction was obtained to confirm these associated
elements, forming compounds. The fayalite was present in all samples, mainly in lower and central samples, as well as lead sulfide and iron sulfide, the large overlap of the peaks difficult to visualize the phases. The evaluation of the mobilization of
metals from the Tessier method and comparison with the VMP CONAMA 357 demonstrated the potential risks, direct or indirect, of the mobilization of these metals. With the application of different conditions of leaching of the method of
Tessier, one can observe that treatment of these slags in pH 5.0 extracts about 90% of lead present in the slag. / No Brasil, a principal fonte de chumbo metalico e obtido a partir da reciclagem de baterias de chumbo-acido pelo processo pirometalurgico. O processo consiste na
separacao dos componentes da bateria de chumbo-acido e posterior fusao dos metais no forno de reducao do tipo rotatorio. Esta e uma alternativa economica, sustentavel e ecologicamente correta mas, as industrias de reciclagem sao
potencialmente poluidoras. Durante o processo, ha geracao de uma grande quantidade de escoria, que pode conter metais que estavam presentes na matéria prima ou que foram adicionados para promover as reacoes necessarias ao
processo. Essa escoria e classificada como residuo de classe I, residuo perigoso, segundo a norma brasileira NBR 10004 da Associacao Brasileira de Normas e Tecnicas (ABNT) e deve ter como destino final o aterro de industriais. A contribuicao
deste estudo reside na avaliacao quimica da escoria proveniente da reciclagem de baterias de chumbo; as caracterizacoes estruturais, que indicam por sua vez, as
formas de associacao do metal; e o seu o potencial de mobilizacao de metais a partir do metodo de Tessier (metodo de extracoes seletivas aplicado a solos e sedimentos) aplicado ao residuo como forma de avaliar as condicoes em que os metais podem ser removidos do mesmo.
Pelos dados de fluorescencia de raios x (FRX) observou-se predominância dos elementos Fe, Si, S, Al, Ca, Pb e Zn, sendo que na amostra inicial houve uma maior qualidade de metais e na amostra superior uma maior quantidade. Pela difracao de raios x obteve-se a confirmacao destes elementos associados, formando compostos. A fayalita estava presente em todas as amostras, principalmente nas amostras inferior e central, assim como sulfeto de chumbo e sulfeto de ferro; a
grande superposicao dos picos dificultou a visualizacao das fases. A avaliacao da mobilizacao dos metais a partir do metodo de Tessier e a comparacao com os VMP do CONAMA 357 demonstraram os riscos potenciais, diretos ou indiretos, da
mobilizacao desses metais. Com a aplicacao das diferentes condicoes de lixiviação do metodo de Tessier, pode-se observar que o tratamento dessas escorias em pH 5,0 extrai cerca de 90% do chumbo presente na escoria.
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Produção de eletrodos por modificações superficiais de Ti e caracterização do seu desempenho na intercalação de Li+Santos, Ana Camila Santos dos January 2013 (has links)
Neste trabalho foram estudadas diferentes modificações superficiais do titânio (Ti) como método de preparação de superfícies de eletrodos para baterias de íons lítio (Li+) Inicialmente, as modificações foram produzidas pelas micro-indentações, com posterior corrosão eletroquímica por pites em soluções de brometo. As superfícies polidas, tratadas termicamente e modificadas através de micro-indentações foram avaliadas em diferentes parâmetros, tais como o potencial aplicado, concentração dos íons agressivos no eletrólito, temperatura, tempo dos testes e principalmente, sobre o impacto das deformações causadas pela força indentações para localização de orifícios produzidos por pites. Filmes porosos de titânia (TiO2) crescidos sobre o Ti puro, foram produzidos por anodização a plasma (anodização por centelhamento ou sparking) em 1M H3PO4 e em 1M Na2SO4 e por anodização nanotubular em 1M H3PO4 + 1M NaOH + 0,4 %(peso) HF. Os resultados mostraram, em óxidos tipo “esponja” formados na anodização a plasma em 1M H3PO4 e 1M Na2SO4, a incorporação de elementos do eletrólito contendo, respectivamente, P e S, numa relação de P/O > S/O e em óxidos nanotulares, a predominante incorporação de elemento de F. Posteriormente, as superfícies corroídas por pites e as superfícies de óxidos crescidos por anodização a plasma foram convertidas por sulfetação em diferentes materiais micro e nanoestruturados compostos por sulfetos e oxisulfetos de titânio, ajustando-se as condições de processo. O desenvolvimento proposto mostrou que é possível modificar a composição química do óxido formado por anodização a plasma para nanocristais de TiS2, nanofitas de TiS3 e TiOxSy, sem danificar a morfologia original dos nanoporos de TiO2. Os compostos formados podem ser usados como eletrodos nanoarquiteturados tridimensionais (3D) para microbaterias de íons lítio (Li+) com alta densidade de potência. A síntese desses compostos é realmente promissora, porque eles têm a capacidade de inserir mais íons lítio do que TiO2 puro, resultando em uma melhoria na capacidade das microbaterias. / In this study, different surface modifications of titanium (Ti) were studied as a method of surface preparation of electrodes for ion lithium batteries (Li+). Initially, the modifications were produced by micro-indentation with subsequent electrochemical pitting corrosion in solutions of bromide. The polished surfaces, heat treated and modified through micro indentations were evaluated for different values of parameters, such as applied potential, concentration of aggressive ions in the electrolyte, temperature, polarization time, and mainly intensity of the deformation caused by indentations for localizing holes produced by pitting. It was expected the adjust of location of these parameter settings promotes nucleation of pits, according to the pattern of indentations and growth of pitting depth for increased surface area. Porous films of titania (TiO2) were produced on pure Ti by plasma anodization (or sparking) in 1M H3PO4 and 1M Na2SO4. Nanotubes were synthesized by porous anodization in 1M NaOH + 1M H3PO4 + 0.4 (wt%) HF. The results showed oxide "sponge" like formed by plasma anodization, incorporating elements of the electrolyte containing respectively, P and S in a ratio P/O> S/O and, in nanotubular oxides, with predominant incorporation of F. Subsequently, the pitted surfaces and the surfaces of oxides grown by plasma anodization were converted by sulfidation into different micro and nanostructured materials consisting of titanium sulfide and oxisulfides by adjusting the process conditions. The proposed development has shown that it is possible to modify the chemical composition of the oxide formed by plasma anodizing to nanocrystals of TiS2 and nanobelts of TiS3 and TiOxSy without damaging the original morphology of the nanoporous TiO2. The formed compounds can be used as three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitectured electrodes for ion lithium batteries (Li+) with high power density. The synthesis of these compounds is promising due to a higher ability to intercalate more ions lithium than pure TiO2, resulting in an improvement in the capacity of microbatteries.
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