Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Escola de Enfermagem, 2008. / Submitted by eloisa silva (eloisa1_silva@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-12-06T18:29:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 viviane.pdf: 1188994 bytes, checksum: fcb19630082ee85ed7418b943147df91 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-12-19T14:19:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 viviane.pdf: 1188994 bytes, checksum: fcb19630082ee85ed7418b943147df91 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-19T14:19:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 viviane.pdf: 1188994 bytes, checksum: fcb19630082ee85ed7418b943147df91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / A questão norteadora desse estudo surgiu a partir da vivência pessoal e profissional da pesquisadora. Ao pesquisar o tema cuidado à criança portadora de paralisia cerebral, buscou-se respostas para a questão norteadora: Como a família cuida da criança portadora de paralisia cerebral nos três primeiros anos de vida? Para encontrar respostas a essa questão, o estudo teve por objetivo conhecer como a família cuida da criança portadora de paralisia cerebral nos três primeiros anos de vida. Em relação aos objetivos, foram traçados os seguintes pressupostos: a anunciação da situação de saúde da criança não foi realizada conforme as necessidades da família; a incompreensão da situação de saúde da criança dificulta o cuidado prestado a ela pela família; as famílias carecem de apoio por parte da equipe de saúde; as crianças portadoras de necessidades especiais, decorrentes da paralisia cerebral, não recebem os cuidados da família conforme as suas necessidades, porque a mesma não foi orientada, de maneira sistemática e contextualizada, durante a hospitalização; as famílias desconhecem os direitos das crianças; a criança portadora de necessidades especiais, decorrentes da paralisia cerebral, não dispõe de ações e serviços de saúde específicos, para assegurar o suporte necessário as suas fragilidades. O referencial teórico que sustentou a pesquisa englobou: Família - primeiro universo de relações sociais da criança; compreendendo a família no período gestacional; nascimento e fatores de risco para a paralisia cerebral; o processo de adaptação vivenciado pela família: quando o recém-nascido não condiz com o bebê idealizado; o processo de educar /cuidar da família a fim de capacitála para prestar o cuidado à criança portadora de paralisia cerebral. O referencial teórico construído mostrou-se coerente e consistente em relação à análise e interpretação dos dados. Na trajetória metodológica, utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa exploratório-descritiva com as seis famílias das crianças portadoras de paralisia cerebral, que nasceram, no período de 2005 a 2007, com APGAR menor ou igual a três no quinto minuto, na cidade de Rio Grande. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se o método da entrevista semi-estruturada com esses atores sociais. Com a análise dos dados emergiram três categorias: refletindo sobre a formação do vínculo; o processo de adaptação do ser família; o exercício da cidadania - a saúde como um direito. Dentre os resultados observou-se que o processo de cuidar da criança inicia-se anteriormente ao período gestacional, sendo influenciado pela cultura dos ancestrais da criança. Essa cultura mostrou influenciar na determinação dos mecanismos de defesa que cada integrante da família utilizou no seu processo de adaptação. A principal rede de apoio, ressaltada pelos sujeitos do estudo foi a família ampliada. Evidenciaram-se as dificuldades encontradas pelas famílias em relação aos princípios da integralidade e acessibilidade aos serviços e ações de saúde além de perceber uma lacuna no que concerne ao ideal da assistência prestada pela atenção básica e a realidade a que essas crianças e suas famílias são expostas. Concluiu-se que o desconhecimento dos direitos da criança, bem como do exercício da cidadania dessa população, também, pôde ser constatado, fatos que interferiram no poder dessa população de decidir e mediar a sua própria existência, o que tornou essas famílias objetos passivos, os quais vivem conforme normas impostas por uma sociedade normativa e opressora. / La cuestión norteadora de este estudio surgió a partir de la vivencia personal y profesional de la investigadora. Al investigar el tema cuidado al niño portador de parálisis cerebral, se buscó respuestas a la cuestión norteadora: ¿cómo la familia cuida del niño portador de parálisis cerebral en los tres primeros años de vida? Para encontrar respuestas a esa cuestión, el estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer cómo la familia cuida del niño portador de parálisis cerebral en los primeros años de vida. Con relación a los objetivos, fueron trazados los siguientes presupuestos: la anunciación de la situación de salud del niño no fue realizada conforme las necesidades de la familia; la incomprensión de la situación de salud del niño dificulta el cuidado que le es prestado por la familia.; las familias carecen de apoyo por parte del equipo de salud; los niños portadores de necesidades especiales, resultantes de parálisis cerebral, no reciben los cuidados de la familia conforme sus necesidades, porque esta no fue orientada, de manera sistemática y contextualizada, durante la hospitalización; las familias desconocen los derechos de los niños; el niño portador de necesidades especiales, resultantes de la parálisis cerebral, no dispone de acciones y servicios de salud específicos, para garantizar el suporte necesario a sus fragilidades. El referencial teórico que sostuvo la investigación reunió: Familia – primero universo de relaciones sociales del niño; comprendiendo en el periodo gestacional; nacimiento y factores de riesgo para la parálisis cerebral; el proceso de adaptación vivenciado por la familia: cuando el recién nacido no condice con el bebé idealizado: el proceso de educar/cuidar de la familia a fin de capacitarla para prestar el cuidado al niño portador de parálisis cerebral. El referencial teórico construido se mostró coherente y consistente con relación al análisis e interpretación de los datos. En la trayectoria metodológica, se utilizó un abordaje cualitativo exploratorio-descriptivo con las seis familias de los niños portadores de parálisis cerebral, que nacieron, en el periodo de 2005 a 2007, con APGAR menor o igual a tres en el quinto minuto, en la ciudad de Rio Grande. Para la colecta de datos, se utilizó el método de la entrevista semiestructurada con esos actores sociales. Con el análisis de los datos emergieron tres categorías: reflexionando sobre la formación del vínculo; el proceso de adaptación del ser familia; el ejercicio de la ciudadanía – la salud como un derecho. De estos resultados se observó que el proceso de cuidar de los niños empieza anteriormente al periodo gestacional, siendo influido por la cultura de los ancestrales del niño. Esa cultura mostró influir en la determinación de los mecanismos de defensa que cada integrante de la familia utilizó en su proceso de adaptación. La principal red de apoyo, resaltada por los sujetos del estudio, fue la familia ampliada. Se evidenciaron las dificultades encontradas por las familias con relación a los principios de la integralidad y accesibilidad a los servicios y acciones de salud, además de percibir un hueco con relación al ideal de asistencia prestada por la atención básica y la realidad a que esos niños y sus familias son expuestos. Se concluye que el desconocimiento de los derechos de los niños, así como del ejercicio de la ciudadanía de esa población, también pueden ser constatados, hechos que interfirieron en el poder de esa población de decidir y mediar su propia existencia, lo que les tornó objetos pasivos, los cuales viven conforme normas impuestas por una sociedad normativa y opresora. / The central question of the present study appeared due to the personal and professional experience of the researcher herself. While researching the topic of care to child bearer of brain paralysis, answers were sought for the central question: How does the family take care of a child bearer of brain paralysis in the first three years of age of the child? In order to find answers for this question, the study aimed at knowing how the family takes care of the child bearer of brain paralysis in the first three years of age. Concerning the goals, the following plans were outlined: the announcement of the health situation of the child was not made according to the family necessities; the lack of understanding of the health situation of the child makes the care provided by the family more difficult; the families lack support from the health teams; the children bearers of special necessities, due to brain paralysis, do not receive the proper care by the family according to their necessities, because the family was not informed on how to proceed, in a systematic and contextualized way, during the stay at the hospital; the families do not know the rights of the child; the child bearer of special necessities, due to brain paralysis, does not have specific actions of health services available, in order to assure the necessary support to his / her weaknesses. The theoretical referential which supported the research involved: Family – first universe of social relations of the child; involving the family in the pregnancy period; birth and risk factors for the brain paralysis; the process of adaptation faced by the family: when the newborn does not fulfill the expected baby; the process of educating /taking care of the family in order to enable it to provide the care for the child bearer of brain paralysis. The theoretical referential built came up to coherent and consistent concerning the data analysis and interpretation. In the methodological terms, an exploratory-descriptive qualitative approach was used with the six families of children bearers of brain paralysis, who were born between 2005 and 2007, with APGAR lower or equal to three in the fifth minute, in the city of Rio Grande. For the data collection, a method of semi-structured interview was used with these social subjects. With the data analysis, three categories emerged: reflecting on the development of connection; the process of adaptation of being family; the exercise of citizenship – the health as a right. Among the results it was observed that the process of taking care of the child begins previous to the pregnancy period, being influenced by the culture of the child’s ancestors. This culture was seen as an influence to determine the defense mechanisms that each member of the family used during their adaptation process. The main support network, highlighted by the study subjects was the family as a whole. The difficulties found by the families were highlighted concerning the principles of integrality and accessibility to the health services and actions besides noticing a gap concerning the ideal assistance provided by the basic attention and the reality to which these children and families are exposed to. It was concluded that the fact of now knowing the child’s rights, as well as exercise of citizenship of this population could also be noticed and such facts interfered in the power of this population to decide and measure their own existence, which made these families passive subjects, who live according to the rules imposed by a normative and oppressive society.

This thesis is focused on measurement and analysis of dynamic effects on railway turnouts. Two same-type turnouts with different fastening elasticity were chosen. My attention was focused mainly on the crossing part of the turnout, where the highest dynamic impacts occur. The point of the thesis is comparison of the crossing part of turnouts in term of dynamic behaviour and assessment of influence of soft rail pads on spread of dynamic energy through the construction. A part of the thesis is choice of methodology of the measurement and proposal of convenient mathematical apparatus for analysing of the dynamic effects on crossings.

The thesis called Block of Flats in Prague 6 is composed as a project documentation of the static part. This six-level building was designed as a ferroconcrete monolithic object. Two underground floors are formed by a ferroconcrete frame with columns. There are placed parking slots and also a residential section on these two floors. Four other levels are designed as a ferroconcrete frame with walls. These four floors serve as a residential section. The thesis deals with the complete design of the first floor of one structural unit of the building, and also with some details such as floor slab, bearers, staircase, columns, and walls.

THE AIM OF MY THESIS ON THE TOPIC OF "RISK MANAGEMENT CONTRACTOR CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS" IS TO DESCRIBE THE PROCESS OF RISK MANAGEMENT OF CONTRACTOR CONSTRUCTIONS WORK. THIS PROCESS BEGINS WITH THE IDENTIFICATION OF RISKS BY USING DIFFERENT METHODS. FOLLOWED BY ANALYSIS OF THESE RISKS. THE MAIN GROUP OF RISKS ARE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SUBCONTRACTING SYSTEM. THESE RISKS I WILL DESCRIBE THEIR SIGNALS AND TRIGGERS. ON THE BASIS OF THEIR IMPORTANCE TO THE PROJECT, I WILL DEFINE THE MANNER OF THEIR TREATMENT. IN THE LAST PART IS A PROPOSAL OF A MONITORING RISKS, WHERE I SUGGEST A WAY, WHO WILL LOOK AFTER THE RISKS DURING THE CONSTRUCTION AND WHEN.

Current practices in music education parallel the expansion of globalization and cross-cultural contact. However, the multicultural music education movement—referred to by some as "world music education"—has been primarily about the diversity of musical experiences and less about the circumstances and processes of the music itself. As a result, Western music educators often neglect inseparable learning pathways and unintentionally distort the meaning and value of diverse musics from around the world. While there is considerable research examining the teaching and learning of diverse music cultures, significant portions of that literature only represent the observed accounts of cultural outsiders. In this study, I examined the lived experiences of world music culture bearers who teach in Western university institutions in the Southwest region of the United States. I used narrative inquiry to learn more about their pedagogical experiences and documented their storied accounts of interactions with university students. I based the theoretical framework in this study on Clandinin and Connelly's narrative inquiry three-dimensional space model and Schippers' twelve continuum transmission framework. My primary findings revealed that teaching in a cross-cultural setting involves several musical and contextual choices. Moreover, the perceived authenticity of the research participants' transmission processes was often a byproduct of their teaching realities—the intersection of their music culture and Western institutional structures—and included numerous adaptations. As was the case with all three participants, their past experiences constituted their present teacher knowledge and became a significant part of how they perceived their futures.

Nicknames have been analysed, recorded and processed in many diverse ways by different languages, scholars and communities. In Zulu, many works of similar type have all been the size of an article up until 1999. This research on the subject is one of the first done in this depth. Nicknames form part of a Zulu person's daily life. They identify him/her more than the real or legal name. They shape him/her more than any other mode of address. They influence behaviour, personality, interaction based activities and the general welfare of an individual. They discipline, they praise, they mock too. Surprisingly, they are regarded as play items. They are even termed playnames (izidlaliso). But they are as serious as any item that makes an individual to be a significant figure in the community. They are unique in the sense that they stick more obstinately on the victim should he/she try to get rid of them. They are capable of staying for life. They only vanish to give others a chance to feature on the same individual. They are so poetic. A talented onomastician can tell a full story about an individual without him grabbing what is being said about him just because the story is spiced with just a single figurative nickname. They haunt the whole arena of the parts of speech in a language, especially the Zulu language. They modify the well known meaning of words into special references that paint in bright colours the character of an individual. Zulu nicknames processes visit all possible languages and adapt items from into Zuluised special terms that a capable of inheriting an onomastic status. They originate even from the most sensitive sources like people's private lives. The only challenging area about nicknames is that bearers do not want to expose them to peale who are not known to them, even if they do not fall into a category of nicknames for ridicule. Finally, nicknames have been exposed here as linguistic items that organise the community into makers and bearers, and then users of nicknames. / African Languages / D.Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

Le présent travail de thèse est consacré à la question du désir et à la façon dont elle émerge dans la philosophie de Giordano Bruno (1548-1600). En dépit de sa place relativement marginale dans le corpus très vaste des études bruniennes, et malgré sa présence non immédiatement évidente dans les écrits du Nolain, nous pensons qu’une recherche sur le statut du désir peut ouvrir une perspective pertinente et radicale sur la pensée de ce philosophe de la Renaissance tardive. Loin d’être une question accessoire, le désir se situe au coeur de la philosophie de Bruno et incarne le rythme immanent de sa spéculation. Face au thème capital de la nolana filosofia – la modalité à travers laquelle le fini réalise et exprime l’infini – la question du désir nous ouvre des chemins suggestifs à travers l’imposante oeuvre de l’ex-moine dominicain. Nous avons abordé ce sujet sous plusieurs perspectives, toujours attentifs à exprimer le caractère systématique sus-jacent à la grande ampleur des thématiques que l’on trouve dans les écrits du philosophe. Nous avons préféré procéder de manière diachronique, en privilégiant une approche conceptuelle plutôt qu’un exposé de la philosophie brunienne dans son déroulement chronologique. Nous nous sommes d’abord penchés sur un traité tardif, la Lampas triginta statuarum, où le désir apparaît comme la force qui amène les « ténèbres »indistinctes à exprimer la richesse infinie de formes qu’elles renferment en puissance. Dans les dialogues cosmologiques en italien, le désir, force immanente aux révolutions des planètes (qui assurent la succession des saisons et des civilisations), réalise dans chaque être la vicissitude qui lui permet « d’être tout et de devenir tout ». La comédie italienne le Chandelier montre comment la poursuite d’un désir statique, obsessionnel et contraire à la nature amène inévitablement à la perte des personnages qui l’incarnent. Cette même aspiration “civile” sera présente dans le traité magique Des liens où le philosophe-mage s’appuie sur l’amour, « le lien le plus puissant », pour donner vie à une république qui, à travers ses citoyens, reflète la puissance infinie inhérente à la nature. En dernier lieu,nous verrons comment, dans Des fureurs héroïques, l’élan cognitif qui amène Actéon à « devenir nature » correspond à la manière la plus humaine qui soit de réaliser l’infini. / My PhD dissertation aims at analysing the concept of desire in relation to Giordano Bruno’s philosophy. Despite the relatively marginal place of this issue among secondary bibliography and its not immediately evident presence in Bruno’s works, I think that this kind of research can open apertinent and radical perspective on Bruno’s thought. Far from being a secondary aspect, the desire is at the core of Giordano Bruno’s philosophy and it embodies its immanent rhythm. In relation to the fundamental theme of Bruno’s philosophy – the way in which the finite realises the infinite – the question of desire can disclose to us new perspectives. I have looked at this problem from many perspectives, always attentive to express the systematic character under the great varieties of topicswe can find in the Nolana filosofia. I have proceeded diachronically, privileging a conceptual approach rather than a chronological account of Bruno’s thought. First, I have considered the Lampas triginta statuarum, a late Latin treatise in which the desire appears as the force that leads the tenebræ toexpress the infinity of forms they contain in potentiality. In the cosmological dialogues in Italian, the desire – immanent force that assures planets’ revolutions (and in that way the cycle of seasons andcivilisations) – realises in all the beings the vicissitude that allows it to “be everything and becomeeverything”. The comedy The Candle Bearer shows how the pursuit of a static, obsessional, andunnatural desire causes the loss of the three main characters. We can find the same “civil afflatus” inthe magical treatise De vinculis where the magic-philosopher builds through love (“the most powerfullink”) a republic that, through its citizens, reflects the infinite power of nature. Lastly, we will see how, in The Heroic Frenzies, the cognitive desire that allows the metamorphosis of the hunter Acteon in nature corresponds to the most human way to realise the infinite.

La victime en col blanc est mésestimée, tant par l’opinion publique que par le droit. Si les infractions en matière économique, financière et boursière heurtent, les personnes lésées par ces agissements bénéficient peu de l’empathie traditionnellement accordée aux victimes pénales. Parmi elles, il en est cependant une qui mérite une attention particulière : l’associé. Alors qu’une personne sur trois dispose en France de cette qualité, l’associé est susceptible d’être une victime du fait de son engagement. Acteur social majeur, il peut subir les effets d’une infraction au droit pénal des sociétés. Lorsqu’il est la victime d’une telle infraction, l’associé a vocation à exercer une action civile. Action en réparation appartenant à tous ceux ayant subi un dommage directement causé par l’infraction, celle-ci est toutefois réservée aux seuls associés titulaires du bien juridique protégé par l’incrimination chef des poursuites. Alors que le droit d’agir en action civile de l’associé est ainsi limité, le bien-fondé de la demande en réparation de son préjudice est également soumis à des conditions interprétées à l’aune de théories singulières. Le brouillard dans lequel se situe aujourd’hui l’associé victime d’une infraction au droit pénal des sociétés est dense. Il nous revient de l’en sortir en proposant des évolutions conformes au droit et répondant à la situation réelle de cette victime pénale jusque-là oubliée. / White-collar victims are usually left on the sidelines, both by the public opinion and the law. While economic and financial offences, without mentioning those related to stock market, are conscience-shocking, the victims of those offences are not of much concern. Yet, one of them is worth paying attention to, i.e. the partner. Being a partner, which is the case for one-in-three French people, may involve a side-effect, that is being victim of his or her own commitment. As a major actor of both business and social life, the partner may be harmed by a business crime. When victim, the partner may bring the civil proceedings, which are actions for compensation belonging to those directly harmed by the criminal offence. Nonetheless, this action is restricted to the partner bearer of the protected legal interest. As for the right of action, the validity of damage claims is limited by conditions interpreted in the light of peculiar theories. The partner, victim of business crimes, is thus lost in a heavy mist, from which he or she must be shown the way out by proposing legal changes addressing the real situation of the up-to-now forgotten victim.

Nicknames have been analysed, recorded and processed in many diverse ways by different languages, scholars and communities. In Zulu, many works of similar type have all been the size of an article up until 1999. This research on the subject is one of the first done in this depth. Nicknames form part of a Zulu person's daily life. They identify him/her more than the real or legal name. They shape him/her more than any other mode of address. They influence behaviour, personality, interaction based activities and the general welfare of an individual. They discipline, they praise, they mock too. Surprisingly, they are regarded as play items. They are even termed playnames (izidlaliso). But they are as serious as any item that makes an individual to be a significant figure in the community. They are unique in the sense that they stick more obstinately on the victim should he/she try to get rid of them. They are capable of staying for life. They only vanish to give others a chance to feature on the same individual. They are so poetic. A talented onomastician can tell a full story about an individual without him grabbing what is being said about him just because the story is spiced with just a single figurative nickname. They haunt the whole arena of the parts of speech in a language, especially the Zulu language. They modify the well known meaning of words into special references that paint in bright colours the character of an individual. Zulu nicknames processes visit all possible languages and adapt items from into Zuluised special terms that a capable of inheriting an onomastic status. They originate even from the most sensitive sources like people's private lives. The only challenging area about nicknames is that bearers do not want to expose them to peale who are not known to them, even if they do not fall into a category of nicknames for ridicule. Finally, nicknames have been exposed here as linguistic items that organise the community into makers and bearers, and then users of nicknames. / African Languages / D.Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

[pt] A proposta desta pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, consiste em analisar a experiência de famílias com crianças autistas na busca por diagnóstico e tratamento no Rio de Janeiro. O tratamento do autismo, e a possibilidade de um diagnóstico precoce, como se mostra na pesquisa, passaram a ser garantidos em função de dois importantes fatores: (1) a emergência de uma nova concepção de criança como sujeito de direitos, institucionalizada através do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (1990), e, (2) a criação de uma legislação específica em prol das pessoas com transtornos mentais. Como se procura mostrar na pesquisa, esses fatores contribuíram para que o cuidado com a criança autista deixasse a esfera do simples confinamento e passasse a ser incorporado na esfera dos direitos humanos. Examinam-se, em um momento subsequente da pesquisa, as políticas de saúde mental, mais particularmente as diretrizes específicas para um cuidado da população infantil com autismo. Apesar de importantes avanços jurídicos, a efetiva implementação dos direitos da criança autista ainda constitui um desafio para as suas famílias. Com efeito, como mostra a pesquisa, frequentemente as famílias não são bem sucedidas na tentativa de identificação precoce do autismo. Além disso, elas raramente obtêm encaminhamento para um tratamento gratuito para a criança autista, ou informações precisas sobre os seus direitos sociais. Desta forma, a pesquisa mostra que a família, de fato, continua confrontando uma série de dificuldades que ainda impossibilitam o efetivo atendimento e cuidado da criança autista. / [en] This research aims at qualitative analysis of the experience of families of autistic children in their quest for a diagnosis and treatment in Rio de Janeiro. The treatment of autism, and the possibility of an early diagnosis, as the research shows, have been made legally possible in virtue of two different factors, to wit: (1) the emergence of a new conception of child as a bearer of rights, which was brought about through the Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (Statute of the Child and the Adolescent, 1990), and (2) the passing of a new legislation for people with any form of mental disorder. Both factors have played a major role for the state recognition of children as authentic bearers of human rights, protected against any form of confinement within the walls of mental institutions. This research examines, then, some public policies for mental health, more specifically the official guidelines for the caretaking of autistic children. In spite of some recent advancement in the Brazilian legislation regarding children s care, most families do still have to face many serious hardships in the attempt to implement their social rights. Indeed, as the research shows, most families cannot yet obtain an early diagnosis of autism for their children. Moreover, hardly ever are the families in a position to obtain some clear information on the public institutions which are able to provide professional support, free treatment, and legal advice. Thus, the research shows the extent to which families still have to face difficulties which prevent them from obtaining adequate treatment for their children with autism.