In 1965, Blacks were only about 4.5 percent of the total enrollment in American higher education. College programs and offices geared to Black students were rare. There were few courses on Black people, even at Black colleges. There was not a single African American Studies center, institute, program, or department on a college campus. Literature on Black people and non-racist scholarly examinations struggled to stay on the margins of the academy. Eight years later in 1973, the percentage of Blacks students stood at 7.3 percent and the absolute number of Black students approached 800,000, almost quadrupling the number in 1965. In 1973, more than 1,000 colleges had adopted more open admission policies or crafted particular adjustments to admit Blacks. Sections of the libraries on Black history and culture had dramatically grown and moved from relative obscurity. Nearly one thousand colleges had organized Black Studies courses, programs, or departments, had a tutoring program for Black students, were providing diversity training for workers, and were actively recruiting Black professors and staff. What happened? What forced the racial reformation of higher education? A social movement I call the Black Campus Movement. Despite its lasting and obvious significance, the struggle of these Black campus activists has been marginalized in the historiographies of the Student, Black Student, and Black Power Movements with White student activism, Black students' off-campus efforts, and the Black Panther Party dominating those respective sets of literature. Thus, in order to bring it to the fore, we should conceive of new historiography, which I term the Black Campus Movement. This dissertation is the first study to chronicle and analyze that nationwide, eight-year-long Black Campus Movement that diversified higher education. An Afrocentric methodology is used to frame the study, which primarily synthesized secondary sources--books, government studies, scholarly, newspaper and magazine articles--and composed this body of information into a general narrative of the movement. The narrative shows the building of the movement for relevance from 1965 to 1967 in which students organized their first Black Students Unions and made requests from the administration. By 1968, those requests had turned into demands, specifically after administrators were slow in instituting those demands and the social havoc wrought by the Orangeburg Massacre and the death of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Instead of meeting with college officials over their concerns, Black students at Black and White colleges began staging dramatic protests for more Black students, faculty, administrators, coaches, staff, and trustees, as well as Black Studies courses and departments, Black dorms, and other programs and facilities geared to Black students. This protest activity climaxed in the spring of 1969, the narrative reveals. In response, higher education and the American government showered the students with both repressive measures, like laws curbing student protests, and reforms, like the introduction of hundreds of Black Studies programs, all of which slowed the movement. By 1973, the Black Campus Movement to gain diversity had been eclipsed by another movement on college campuses to maintain the diverse elements students had won the previous eight years. This struggle to keep these gains has continued into the 21st century, as diversity abounds on campuses across America in comparison to 1965. / African American Studies

Scholars for decades have studied the achievement gap and attempted to explain it in regards to race and class. Throughout the existing literature regarding the achievement gap between black and white students, however, there is a dearth of research exploring why the gap exists for upper-class black students; this population is largely ignored. This research seeks to explain why an achievement gap exists between white and black students who come from households of similar incomes. Ten students (five white and five black gradates) of a private, non-parochial school in Washington DC are interviewed about high school and post-high school experiences. Using cultural capital and labeling theory frameworks, this study follows the work of Billings (2011), Pattillo-McCoy (2000), Lacy (2007), and Khan (2011) in their focus on black students, cultural capital, and embodied privilege, and builds on that of Lensmire (2012), Dixon-Roman 2014, Orr (2003) Adams (2010) and Tyson et al. (2005). Results uncover the uniquely complex configuration of class and race. Latent issues as a result of race can arise, and the research illustrates how they affect the achievement ideology and attainment of both black and white students. This study’s findings suggest that two mechanisms shape the achievement gap: academic support and social interactions and interpretations, with the former rooted largely in class differences and the latter rooted in racial differences. This study aims to improve our understanding of the distinct role race and class play in influencing educational and professional outcomes from upper-class backgrounds.

A presente investigação objetiva analisar como as práticas institucionais postas em funcionamento pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) vêm operando na inclusão dos estudantes autodeclarados negros, nela ingressantes através do Programa de Ações Afirmativas, e quais os efeitos dessas práticas na constituição dos estudantes. Para tanto esta dissertação apresenta um estudo qualitativo na perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais em Educação em sua vertente pós-estruturalista, selecionando algumas ferramentas analíticas tais como as noções de identidade, diferença e in/exclusão. Também analisa práticas institucionais através de mapeamento de projetos acadêmicos, de registros em diário de campo e de entrevistas realizadas com estudantes, gestores e professores coordenadores de curso. A partir dos temas que emergiam do material empírico, três unidades analíticas são construídas, chegando-se às seguintes contribuições para pensar a Universidade, hoje, e os movimentos inclusivos nesse espaço. A primeira unidade – Tornar-se igual para permanecer na Universidade – apresenta que, mesmo sendo necessário o estudante reconher-se como diferente para ingressar através da política de reserva de vagas, a condição para permanecer e ter sucesso na Universidade depende de um esforço constante para tornar-se igual. Tal processo ocorre através de mecanismos de normalização que posicionam os sujeitos em um gradiente de in/exclusão. A segunda unidade – (Des) encaixe: a UFRGS não é pra mim! ou Das (im) possibilidades de estar na UFRGS – mostra que práticas de in/exclusão, ao gerarem fronteiras que posicionam socialmente os sujeitos, levam muitas vezes os estudantes a sentirem-se “fora de lugar”, ao mesmo tempo em que querem pertencer a esse espaço. Com dificuldades de se encaixarem ao perfil exigido, os estudantes que ingressam por uma política que se pretende inclusiva vivenciam ao mesmo tempo processos de exclusão. Além disso, a ausência de ações efetivas que visem à promoção de outras formas de permanência voltadas para esses novos sujeitos acadêmicos pode indicar a existência de algumas práticas de racismo institucional. A terceira unidade – Rachaduras/frestas/fissuras: provocando outros modos de ser da Universidade e de o aluno estar aqui – apresenta práticas institucionais que, pautadas na abertura para a conversa e na tentativa de novas metodologias de ensino-aprendizagem, podem, ao tensionar as disposições de poder, promover rupturas nos modos de ser da Universidade e de se estar nela. Ao se relacionarem de outra forma com os tempos e espaços acadêmicos, os estudantes exercem práticas de resistência que também desacomodam o modus operandi da UFRGS. Parecem residir nessas práticas as principais potências transformadoras das ações afirmativas na Universidade. / This paper aims to analyze how current institutional practices of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) operate in the enrollment of students self-declared as black through the Affirmative Action Program, and how these practices are affecting the student constitution. This thesis presents a qualitative study using a Cultural Studies perspective on Education from its post-structuralist branch and implements analytic tools such as the notions of identity, difference and in/exclusion. It also analysis institutional practices through mapping college projects, data from a field diary and interviews conducted with students, managers and coordinating professors of two majors. Based on the empirical data, three analytical segments are suggested about the college and its movement toward inclusion. The first segment – Tornar-se igual para permanecer na Universidade [To become equal to remain at UFRGS] – suggests that students can be more successful when they recognize themselves as different and are constantly struggling to be equal. Such a process occurs through normalizing mechanisms that position the subjects in a scenario of in/exclusion. The second segment – (Des) encaixe: a UFRGS não é pra mim! ou Das (im) possibilidades de estar na UFRGS [(Un-) conformity: UFRGS is not for me! or On the (im-) possibilities of being at UFRGS] – shows that social barriers and practices of in/exclusion can make students feel out of place. Students who enter the college through these inclusive policies can actually experience exclusion and feel different as a result of these policies. Beyond this, there may be evidence of institutional racism in the lack of effective programs to promote student retention among these new higher education students. The third segment – Rachaduras/frestas/fissuras: provocando outros modos de ser da Universidade e de o aluno estar aqui [Chaps/gaps/fissures: provoking different ways of being UFRGS and different ways of students being at it] – suggests new methodologies of teaching and learning which can influence the students' experience at college, related to dynamics of power and privilege. When the students relate differently to the college environment and schedule, they practice forms of resistance that disturb the college's modus operandi. Perhaps the main transforming power of the affirmative action policies at UFRGS is contained within these subtle forms of student resistance.

Submitted by Roberta Lorenzon (roberta.lorenzon@fgv.br) on 2011-05-27T14:01:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 63080100010.pdf: 1681729 bytes, checksum: 7550ce0fc719eb7c12454147c8403aa8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia(suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2011-05-27T14:12:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 63080100010.pdf: 1681729 bytes, checksum: 7550ce0fc719eb7c12454147c8403aa8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia(suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2011-05-27T14:13:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 63080100010.pdf: 1681729 bytes, checksum: 7550ce0fc719eb7c12454147c8403aa8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-27T15:26:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 63080100010.pdf: 1681729 bytes, checksum: 7550ce0fc719eb7c12454147c8403aa8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-30 / Black students perform around 10% below white students in the proficiency tests. This difference is observed in the 4th and 8th grades of middle school as well in the 3rd year of High School and has been constant along the years. Around 75% of the gap is explained by personal characteristics, particularly parents schooling. Those variables are hard to change in the short and medium term while the consequences of the gap, access to good universities and to good positions in the labor market, are immediate. This paper investigates how the school can compensate for this initial disadvantage of black students, identifying which variables have greater impact on their performance. / O desempenho dos alunos negros nos exames de proficiência realizados pelo MEC é cerca de 10% menor do que o dos alunos brancos. Esta diferença se observa tanto na 4ª e 8ª séries do ensino fundamental como no 3º ano do ensino médio e tem se mantido ao longo dos anos. Cerca de 75% do hiato é explicado por características familiares, principalmente a educação dos pais. Estas são variáveis difíceis de serem alteradas no curto e médio prazo enquanto as conseqüências, o acesso a universidade e aos bons postos de trabalho, são imediatas. Este trabalho procura investigar como a escola pode compensar esta desvantagem inicial dos alunos negros, buscando identificar quais variáveis têm maior impacto no seu desempenho.

A presente investigação objetiva analisar como as práticas institucionais postas em funcionamento pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) vêm operando na inclusão dos estudantes autodeclarados negros, nela ingressantes através do Programa de Ações Afirmativas, e quais os efeitos dessas práticas na constituição dos estudantes. Para tanto esta dissertação apresenta um estudo qualitativo na perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais em Educação em sua vertente pós-estruturalista, selecionando algumas ferramentas analíticas tais como as noções de identidade, diferença e in/exclusão. Também analisa práticas institucionais através de mapeamento de projetos acadêmicos, de registros em diário de campo e de entrevistas realizadas com estudantes, gestores e professores coordenadores de curso. A partir dos temas que emergiam do material empírico, três unidades analíticas são construídas, chegando-se às seguintes contribuições para pensar a Universidade, hoje, e os movimentos inclusivos nesse espaço. A primeira unidade – Tornar-se igual para permanecer na Universidade – apresenta que, mesmo sendo necessário o estudante reconher-se como diferente para ingressar através da política de reserva de vagas, a condição para permanecer e ter sucesso na Universidade depende de um esforço constante para tornar-se igual. Tal processo ocorre através de mecanismos de normalização que posicionam os sujeitos em um gradiente de in/exclusão. A segunda unidade – (Des) encaixe: a UFRGS não é pra mim! ou Das (im) possibilidades de estar na UFRGS – mostra que práticas de in/exclusão, ao gerarem fronteiras que posicionam socialmente os sujeitos, levam muitas vezes os estudantes a sentirem-se “fora de lugar”, ao mesmo tempo em que querem pertencer a esse espaço. Com dificuldades de se encaixarem ao perfil exigido, os estudantes que ingressam por uma política que se pretende inclusiva vivenciam ao mesmo tempo processos de exclusão. Além disso, a ausência de ações efetivas que visem à promoção de outras formas de permanência voltadas para esses novos sujeitos acadêmicos pode indicar a existência de algumas práticas de racismo institucional. A terceira unidade – Rachaduras/frestas/fissuras: provocando outros modos de ser da Universidade e de o aluno estar aqui – apresenta práticas institucionais que, pautadas na abertura para a conversa e na tentativa de novas metodologias de ensino-aprendizagem, podem, ao tensionar as disposições de poder, promover rupturas nos modos de ser da Universidade e de se estar nela. Ao se relacionarem de outra forma com os tempos e espaços acadêmicos, os estudantes exercem práticas de resistência que também desacomodam o modus operandi da UFRGS. Parecem residir nessas práticas as principais potências transformadoras das ações afirmativas na Universidade. / This paper aims to analyze how current institutional practices of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) operate in the enrollment of students self-declared as black through the Affirmative Action Program, and how these practices are affecting the student constitution. This thesis presents a qualitative study using a Cultural Studies perspective on Education from its post-structuralist branch and implements analytic tools such as the notions of identity, difference and in/exclusion. It also analysis institutional practices through mapping college projects, data from a field diary and interviews conducted with students, managers and coordinating professors of two majors. Based on the empirical data, three analytical segments are suggested about the college and its movement toward inclusion. The first segment – Tornar-se igual para permanecer na Universidade [To become equal to remain at UFRGS] – suggests that students can be more successful when they recognize themselves as different and are constantly struggling to be equal. Such a process occurs through normalizing mechanisms that position the subjects in a scenario of in/exclusion. The second segment – (Des) encaixe: a UFRGS não é pra mim! ou Das (im) possibilidades de estar na UFRGS [(Un-) conformity: UFRGS is not for me! or On the (im-) possibilities of being at UFRGS] – shows that social barriers and practices of in/exclusion can make students feel out of place. Students who enter the college through these inclusive policies can actually experience exclusion and feel different as a result of these policies. Beyond this, there may be evidence of institutional racism in the lack of effective programs to promote student retention among these new higher education students. The third segment – Rachaduras/frestas/fissuras: provocando outros modos de ser da Universidade e de o aluno estar aqui [Chaps/gaps/fissures: provoking different ways of being UFRGS and different ways of students being at it] – suggests new methodologies of teaching and learning which can influence the students' experience at college, related to dynamics of power and privilege. When the students relate differently to the college environment and schedule, they practice forms of resistance that disturb the college's modus operandi. Perhaps the main transforming power of the affirmative action policies at UFRGS is contained within these subtle forms of student resistance.

A presente investigação objetiva analisar como as práticas institucionais postas em funcionamento pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) vêm operando na inclusão dos estudantes autodeclarados negros, nela ingressantes através do Programa de Ações Afirmativas, e quais os efeitos dessas práticas na constituição dos estudantes. Para tanto esta dissertação apresenta um estudo qualitativo na perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais em Educação em sua vertente pós-estruturalista, selecionando algumas ferramentas analíticas tais como as noções de identidade, diferença e in/exclusão. Também analisa práticas institucionais através de mapeamento de projetos acadêmicos, de registros em diário de campo e de entrevistas realizadas com estudantes, gestores e professores coordenadores de curso. A partir dos temas que emergiam do material empírico, três unidades analíticas são construídas, chegando-se às seguintes contribuições para pensar a Universidade, hoje, e os movimentos inclusivos nesse espaço. A primeira unidade – Tornar-se igual para permanecer na Universidade – apresenta que, mesmo sendo necessário o estudante reconher-se como diferente para ingressar através da política de reserva de vagas, a condição para permanecer e ter sucesso na Universidade depende de um esforço constante para tornar-se igual. Tal processo ocorre através de mecanismos de normalização que posicionam os sujeitos em um gradiente de in/exclusão. A segunda unidade – (Des) encaixe: a UFRGS não é pra mim! ou Das (im) possibilidades de estar na UFRGS – mostra que práticas de in/exclusão, ao gerarem fronteiras que posicionam socialmente os sujeitos, levam muitas vezes os estudantes a sentirem-se “fora de lugar”, ao mesmo tempo em que querem pertencer a esse espaço. Com dificuldades de se encaixarem ao perfil exigido, os estudantes que ingressam por uma política que se pretende inclusiva vivenciam ao mesmo tempo processos de exclusão. Além disso, a ausência de ações efetivas que visem à promoção de outras formas de permanência voltadas para esses novos sujeitos acadêmicos pode indicar a existência de algumas práticas de racismo institucional. A terceira unidade – Rachaduras/frestas/fissuras: provocando outros modos de ser da Universidade e de o aluno estar aqui – apresenta práticas institucionais que, pautadas na abertura para a conversa e na tentativa de novas metodologias de ensino-aprendizagem, podem, ao tensionar as disposições de poder, promover rupturas nos modos de ser da Universidade e de se estar nela. Ao se relacionarem de outra forma com os tempos e espaços acadêmicos, os estudantes exercem práticas de resistência que também desacomodam o modus operandi da UFRGS. Parecem residir nessas práticas as principais potências transformadoras das ações afirmativas na Universidade. / This paper aims to analyze how current institutional practices of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) operate in the enrollment of students self-declared as black through the Affirmative Action Program, and how these practices are affecting the student constitution. This thesis presents a qualitative study using a Cultural Studies perspective on Education from its post-structuralist branch and implements analytic tools such as the notions of identity, difference and in/exclusion. It also analysis institutional practices through mapping college projects, data from a field diary and interviews conducted with students, managers and coordinating professors of two majors. Based on the empirical data, three analytical segments are suggested about the college and its movement toward inclusion. The first segment – Tornar-se igual para permanecer na Universidade [To become equal to remain at UFRGS] – suggests that students can be more successful when they recognize themselves as different and are constantly struggling to be equal. Such a process occurs through normalizing mechanisms that position the subjects in a scenario of in/exclusion. The second segment – (Des) encaixe: a UFRGS não é pra mim! ou Das (im) possibilidades de estar na UFRGS [(Un-) conformity: UFRGS is not for me! or On the (im-) possibilities of being at UFRGS] – shows that social barriers and practices of in/exclusion can make students feel out of place. Students who enter the college through these inclusive policies can actually experience exclusion and feel different as a result of these policies. Beyond this, there may be evidence of institutional racism in the lack of effective programs to promote student retention among these new higher education students. The third segment – Rachaduras/frestas/fissuras: provocando outros modos de ser da Universidade e de o aluno estar aqui [Chaps/gaps/fissures: provoking different ways of being UFRGS and different ways of students being at it] – suggests new methodologies of teaching and learning which can influence the students' experience at college, related to dynamics of power and privilege. When the students relate differently to the college environment and schedule, they practice forms of resistance that disturb the college's modus operandi. Perhaps the main transforming power of the affirmative action policies at UFRGS is contained within these subtle forms of student resistance.

Orientador: Neusa Maria Mendes de Gusmão / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T16:56:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes_JanainaDamaceno_M.pdf: 2836892 bytes, checksum: 5c4b0309a35b0ef8d2151577e5f749d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo : Essa dissertação pretende analisar como as experiências interligadas de raça, gênero e classe social se articulam no cotidiano acadêmico de estudantes negras universitárias que freqüentaram cursos de graduação e pós-graduação na UNICAMP entre os anos de 1989 até 2006. Deseja-se com isso, fornecer maiores dados sobre a presença negra feminina na Universidade Estadual de Campinas, através da figura da estudante negra, captando a diversidade que este termo pode abranger. A análise de entrevistas e de autobiografias será nosso principal meio de pesquisa. Procurar-se-á perceber no esforço autobiográfico a tentativa de interpretação e reconstrução das experiências acadêmicas das estudantes. O objetivo é verificar as contradições existentes na representação coletiva sobre a mulher negra e a representação que é feita de sua presença como estudante na universidade. O acesso à educação superior influencia na dissolução da representação estereotipada da mulher negra? / Abstract : This dissertation aims to examine how experiences related to race, gender and social class are articulated in everyday academic life of black women, college students, at UNICAMP (1989-2001). Our purpose is to provide more data on the presence of black women at the University of Campinas, through the figure of the black woman student, capturing the diversity that this term may encompass. The analysis of interviews and autobiographies will be our primary means of research. We'll endeavor to understand the autobiographical effort in trying to interpret and reconstruct the academic experience of these students. The goal is to see the contradictions in collective representation of black women and the representation which is made by them about their presence as students at the university. Does access to higher education influence the dissolution of the stereotypical representation of black woman? / Mestrado / Ciencias Sociais na Educação / Mestre em Educação

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-01T16:49:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 biancamachadoconcolatovieira.pdf: 829915 bytes, checksum: e0dad661cdff81691933ac1b5754ea88 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-01T20:14:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 biancamachadoconcolatovieira.pdf: 829915 bytes, checksum: e0dad661cdff81691933ac1b5754ea88 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-01T20:14:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 biancamachadoconcolatovieira.pdf: 829915 bytes, checksum: e0dad661cdff81691933ac1b5754ea88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-25 / Essa dissertação se propôs realizar uma discussão a respeito das relações raciais do Brasil e as políticas de ações afirmativas com foco na experiência vivenciada pelos alunos negros beneficiados pela política de reserva de vagas da UFJF. Para tanto, no primeiro momento apresentamos a origem das desigualdades sociais no Brasil, tendo como pano de fundo a discriminação racial, apresentando breves considerações à formação social e capitalista brasileira, à fundação do Estado nacional como resultado do processo de Independência que não previa o fim do regime de escravidão entendendo que para refletir sobre as relações raciais no Brasil e as desigualdades econômicas e sociais que opõe brancos e negros se faz necessário pensar a formação social e econômica do Brasil e as relações que se constituíram a partir de então. No segundo momento foram apresentadas os números das desigualdades sociais e econômicas que opõe negros e brancos e as políticas de ações afirmativas no Brasil, considerando todo o percurso histórico e político da constituição desta política, focalizando a política de cotas como forma de acesso ao ensino superior público. Em seguida foram então apresentadas algumas considerações sobre o ensino superior público e as principais polêmicas em torno das políticas de ações afirmativas no Brasil. Por fim, caracterizamos o lócus da pesquisa com breves considerações sobre a cidade de Juiz de Fora assim como a UFJF e o sistema de cotas, e então foi apresentada a pesquisa que deu voz aos sujeitos, alunos negros cotistas da UFJF, que foi realizada através de entrevista semiestruturada, que analisou a experiência vivenciada por alunos negros cotistas da UFJF, o que permitiu refletir sobre como os alunos negros cotistas estão vivenciando a graduação, suas demandas, suas conquistas e expectativas. / This thesis tries to promote a discussion concerning the brazilian racial relationships and the affirmative action policies focusing on the experience faced by the black students benefited by the JFFU quotas system. For that, at the first moment, we present the origin of the social inequalities in Brazil, against the background of the racial discrimination, presenting brief considerations on the brazilian social and capitalist education background and on the foundation of the national State as a result of the independence process (which did not predict the end of the slavery system). It is necessary to think of the racial relationships in Brazil and the social and economic inequalities which put black and white people into opposition in order to understand the relationships that were made up since then. For a second moment, the number of social and economic inequalities which oppose black and white people were presented as well as the affirmative action policies, considering all the political and historical path of this policy constitution, focusing on the quotas policy as a way to be granted access to the public college education. Then some considerations about the public college education were presented as well as the main controversies on the affirmative action policies. Ultimately, we characterize the research locus with brief considerations about Juiz de Fora city as well as JFFU and its quotas system, and then the research which listened to the university black students, which was carried out through semistructured interview guide, which analysed the experience faced by the JFFU black quota holder students. This allowed us to reflect on how the black quota holders are experimenting the graduation course, their demands, achievements and expectations.

The enrollment of military/veteran students at U.S. colleges and universities is growing steadily; however, factors affecting their academic success need further investigation. Guided by Tinto's student integration model and Bean and Metzner's model of nontraditional student attrition, the relationships between student characteristics and academic success for military/veteran, and civilian students were investigated. For this nonexperimental study, preentry characteristics (military/civilian status, race/ethnicity, age, gender, transfer credits) as well as 1st-year academic performance (total terms attended and grade point average [GPA]) archived in 393 students' records were examined to determine whether these variables predicted 4 student success measures: retention after 1 year, associate degree (AA) within 4 years, bachelor's degree (BA) within 8 years, and final GPA. Binary logistic regression and ordinary least squares multiple regression were conducted for the 3 retention/graduation measures and GPA, respectively. Significant findings indicated that Black students were more likely than White students to complete both AA and BA degrees and military, but not veterans, were more likely than civilians to earn AA degrees. Age was a positive predictor for earning a BA degree and a higher final GPA; transfer credits and total terms attended predicted student retention and AA degree completion; first-year GPA only predicted final GPA. Based on outcomes from this military-focused college, which showed the academic potential of two student groups often deemed less academically successful (military and Black students), colleges that focus on military students' success can better prepare these students for degree completion.

The study of culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP) within a social and emotional learning (SEL) program is timely as it supports the increasing body of literature on narrowing the educational gaps prevalent among Black students. Current research is lacking regarding if and how educators utilize CRP to support the learning of SEL competencies with Black students. For this study, the tenets of cultural relevance, SEL competencies, and the leadership practices of one urban district seeking to increase its overall accountability rating as deemed by the state of Texas were examined. The purpose of this study was to determine the adequacy of the district's response to the needs of Black students in terms of cultural relevance when selecting a SEL program and developing a support plan for the program's implementation at the campus level. A secondary purpose was to examine the extent to which the district embedded CRP practices into their adopted SEL program. A qualitative exploratory research design and case study research approach were utilized. Documents related to the SEL program chosen by the district were analyzed. In addition, semi-structured interviews with district leaders and a focus group with campus administrators were conducted. It was found that there were no direct actions by the district toward ensuring that district's SEL program was culturally relevant nor was there support provided to ensure that SEL was implemented in a way that would be meaningful to Black students. Implications for future practice, recommendations for future research, and a researcher reflection serve as the conclusion.