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Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med utökad kunskap om vilka förhållningssätt olika läromedel har gällande introduktionen av läs- och skrivinlärning samt i vilken grad läromedlen möjliggör interaktion mellan undervisningens samtliga deltagare. Studien är baserad på en kvalitativ textanalys där fyra läromedel, Simalabim grundbok 1, Prima svenska 1, Forma språket ettan samt Den magiska kulan, har analyserats utifrån sex olika kategorier, som alla berör det sociokulturella perspektivet. De sex kategorierna är: top-down, bottom-up, enskilt arbete, arbete i par, arbete i helklass samt högläsning av lärare. Kategorierna är baserade på det sociokulturella perspektivet, en socialkonstruktivistisk syn på kunskap samt den proximala utvecklingszonen. Analysen grundas i forskningsfrågorna:   Vilka förhållningssätt har de studerade läromedlen gällande introduktion av läs- och skrivinlärning? I vilken grad möjliggör läromedlen interaktion mellan undervisningens samtliga deltagare?   Resultatet redogörs med hjälp av en tabell (se tabell 2), som senare står till grund för en jämförelse. Jämförelsen tar avstamp i Lev Vygotskijs tankar inom det sociokulturella perspektivet där det lyfts fram att samspelet mellan människor är grunden till utveckling och lärande. Jämförelsen relateras även till den tidigare forskning som studien presenterar.   Studiens resultat påvisar olikheter i läromedlen gällande användningen av arbetssätt som möjliggör mellanmänsklig interaktion och samspel. Det visas att det vanligaste är att olika arbetssätt kombineras, undantaget en arbetsbok där endast ett tillvägagångssätt, enskilt arbete, används. Även Olga Dysthes tankar kring att olika arbetssätt bör kombineras lyfts fram i studien. Vygotskijs synsätt på lärande är att lärande och kunskapsinhämtning sker via sociala samspel, detta är någonting som kan diskuteras i relation till vad resultaten i denna studie visar. Två av kategorierna som undersöks i studien är top-down och bottom-up. Vad gäller top-down tillämpas den i tre av fyra arbetsböcker, varav en dessutom tillämpar bottom-up. Det är endast en arbetsbok som enbart tillämpar bottom-up.        Slutsatsen som kan dras baserat på studiens resultat är att innehållet i läromedlen är olika. Trots att flera arbetsböcker använder samma förhållningssätt till läs- och skrivinlärning skiljer sig arbetsböckernas innehåll och upplägg markant. Något annat som kan konstateras är att innehållet i arbetsböckerna till största del består av uppgifter som eleverna ska genomföra enskilt, dock är det även vanligt att flera olika typer av övningar som i olika grad möjliggör interaktion kombineras.

Background: Emerging technologies enables manufacturing companies the opportunity to stay competitive and at the same time focus on increasing their sustainability impact. One such technology is additive manufacturing which has the potential to change the way manufacturing is performed and impact entire supply chains of manufacturing companies. Multiple studies have been done in the twenty-first century regarding additive manufacturing’s sustainability impact on logistics, although there is little research that focus on impact of additive manufacturing on transportation from a sustainable perspective. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the impact additive manufacturing has on the sustainability of inbound transportation. Method: A qualitative research strategy was used to explore the field of study through a multiple case study method. Through two cases, raw material providers and manufacturers within the additive manufacturing industry, data was gathered using semi-structed interviews. Conclusion: Findings from this study shows that additive manufacturing may have a sustainable impact on inbound transportation from an environmental, societal, and economic perspective. Additive manufacturing is more environmentally sustainable than conventional manufacturing for the inbound transportation leg from the raw material supplier to the manufacturing company since the technology requires lower volume of raw material to be transported, it leads to a higher transport efficiency, less frequent transportation need, and requires no return transportation. In economic impact it leads to fuel savings, less frequent transportation with less material, and a reduced inventory holding. Access to remote areas together with easier and safer material handling is the societal impact from using additive manufacturing instead of conventional manufacturing.

Background: ​The concept of CSR has become a more discussed topic in relation to employer attractiveness in recent years. Recent research pointed in the direction of CSR to be a vital tool to be utilised in order for employers to enhance their employer attractiveness. By implementing CSR within an organisations agenda, will initially increase the number of job applicants. However, employer attractiveness in relation to CSR was still treated as a generic term, and not divided into specific values. Therefore, the authors divided​ ​the values within employer attractiveness (Interest, Social, Economic, Development and Application Value) and investigated which of the five values within employer attractiveness that were positively impacted by CSR. Purpose: ​The purpose of this paper was to explain how CSR impact employer attractiveness. Methodology: ​This thesis had a quantitative research method based on previous studies, hence, a deductive approach. The purpose was of an explanatory nature and the authors utilized a cross-sectional research design. The authors created an online survey that gathered 280 responses through the use of non-probability sampling in the form of a convenience sample. Findings: ​In this study, four out of the five hypotheses were accepted meaning that CSR positively impacts employer attractiveness. Furthermore, the authors cross-checked the independent and dependent variables together with control questions such as gender, age and occupation. Resulting in gender, age and occupation not having a significant impact on the result. Conclusion: ​The authors conclude that CSR positively impacts employer attractiveness through the measured values of Interest, Social, Development and Application Value. The authors could not conclude that CSR had a positive impact on Economic Value meaning that the hypothesis (H3) was rejected.

A large proportion of the world’s population has neither access to any formal financial services nor access to clean energy. This poorest socio-­‐economic group is called the bottom of the pyramid (BoP). It is recognized that microfinance services offered through microfinance institutions (MFIs) can serve this group and offer them opportunities to end financial poverty. To resolve energy poverty, efficient and renewable energy technologies on micro-­‐scale can be a solution. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, carbon-­‐offsetting measures can be taken. A microenergy project is a combined solution, where MFIs are assisted to give clean energy loans to the BoP. If microfinance is the right channel to provide energy to the bottom of the pyramid (BoP), how are the countries chosen? Which projects fits in? What are the criteria to choose an MFI? What are the conditions needed in relation to the energy sector? This research proposes the Microenergy Atlas as a tool for project implementers with a systematized methodology that addresses these questions and may help decision-­‐making for project planning. Throughout a five-­‐phase process, the Microenergy Atlas screens the listed projects by myclimate according to the MEI’s general objectives. Then, the tool screens microfinance institutions worldwide to select top performers according to MEI’s criteria, and analyses the energy sector of the countries with indicators related to the targeted client. Next, the Atlas places the projects based on specific indicators and finally gives a list of countries with the most favorable conditions to implement a microenergy project along with the potential microfinance institutions and projects. The results shows thirty-­‐seven countries ranked from most favorable to least favorable ones, counting the number of potential institutions and projects that can be done in each country. These results are then compared to actual cases where MicroEnergy International already has had successful experiences in the top-­‐ranked countries. Therefore, this tool can be used as a firsthand guide when choosing a country to have a new microenergy project. / <p>This report concludes the European Joint Master Program of Management and Engineering of Environment and Energy (ME3). It has also been submitted to the coordinating university, Ecole des Mines de Nantes.</p>

Innovation as the most important way for firms to retain their long-term competitiveness has been extensively researched lately. In this thesis, the author perceived innovation from the bottom up approach, where innovation spans over a broad spectrum of actors, reaching the initiative at a very low level. From this perspective, although innovation starts from an initial idea within an individual’s mind, the connections and interactions between individuals in a social context are very important for idea generation and innovation implementation. Thus social links and interaction within the enterprise context hold an important role in the firms’ innovation. Enterprise Social Network (ESN), defined as “a set of technologies that creates business value by connecting the members of an organization through profiles, updates, and notifications”, comes as one strategy to facilitate professional social networking activities within firms to support better collaboration and communication. However, nowadays when social networking becomes very popular, theimplementation of ESN appears more of a trend for firms instead of a well planned strategy. Most ESN implementations lack means of evaluation of their impacts towardthe firms’ performance, including innovation. In response to that, this thesis’s aim is to answer the ‘how’ question on ESN support toward 9 innovation climate characteristics and social interaction within firm. In this research, an interpretive research methodology was applied towards a case in a global telecom company, Ericsson, with their ESN called MyNET. As part of the methodology, a survey and interviews were done to assess MyNET users’ experience and opinion in this matter. The social network graph was also used in this methodology as an additional input for the interviews. There were 672 respondents participating in the survey and 10 interviews were conducted. The results show that the targeted goals of MyNET implementation support innovation climate characteristics. The results also show that professional social networking activities supported by MyNET such as individual user profile, add colleague in the social network, share information, ask and answer questions, join community, etc, provide an innovative way for social interaction supporting better communication and collaboration which is important for innovation in a global ompany.

Background: Business schools are one of society’s most influential institutions as they contribute to transforming and influencing the way the business world works. Hence, business schools bear responsibility for the creation of future, socially aware, graduates. Accordingly, the business industry expects business schools to educate future managers enhancing sustainability and ethical standards. Although it is argued that graduates in business schools get taught many professional skills and abilities to gain economic success, ethical and sustainable practices are often neglected. The schools are getting criticism for providing education distant and irrelevant to industry demands. Purpose: This study aims to create a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of responsible management education (RME) in business schools. The research can hopefully provide valuable insights, both practically and academically, for both the investigated school and other business schools while also providing a richer and more holistic view of the subject.   Method: This single-case study uses an exploratory and abductive research approach. Empirical data have been collected through semi-structured interviews with participants from Jönköping International Business School. Data has also been collected through document analysis. To understand and analyze the findings, thematic analysis has been used.   Findings: The findings show that RME has been implemented in various ways, both because the school itself believes it is highly important, but also because of the pressures stemming from various stakeholders and other institutional forces. Progress is found to have been made, yet the effects of that progress were not acknowledged significantly by either students or document analysis which might be due to a lack of a common definition of both RME and sustainability amongst staff and faculty. For the school to remain attractive, it is found important to continue its work towards RME and put equal emphasis on teaching financial, social, and environmental responsibilities.

This research leads to investigate the response of French companies through their corporate sustainability policies as a result of the different types of pressure that stakeholders can bring. The influence of stakeholders is increasingly significant towards ethical and environmental issues. Stakeholders do not hesitate to set up actions to make themselves heard. Social and environmental concerns facing this polluting industry make food companies exposed to more and more pressures that they must manage.  The academic literature necessary for the understanding of this study was carefully selected from online academic libraries. The literature review defined the objective of balancing Profit, People and Planet in corporate sustainability policies and its implementation through the Triple Bottom Line model. Also, the pressure groups are defined according to the academic literature and associated with Freeman's theory on stakeholders. This literature was coupled with collected primary data. Interviews were conducted with three French companies of different sizes to guarantee a realistic representation of the market. The interest of the inductive method used is to be able to apply the observations made on a larger scale.   The results obtained are grouped under five themes to facilitate their identification: Quality, Ethics, Environment, Consumer's power, and Well-Being. Under each of these themes, one or more stakeholders exert pressures to achieve the same objective. The strategies adopted by companies vary according to the type of pressure they face. Each company adapts its corporate sustainability policies to the pressures according to its size. Large companies will be better resourced than small ones. All corporate actions have two objectives: the satisfaction of their stakeholders and the improvement of the company in terms of sustainability.   This thesis contributes to the Stakeholder's theory and Triple Bottom Line model. The combination of these two theories is essential to explain the two converging phenomena of this thesis: pressures and sustainable responses.

The procurement of ores and metals necessitates consideration of the sustainability of both the productand of the producer. Current trends in procurement practices move toward assuring the lowestenvironmental, social and economic impacts feasible. In order to ensure a high level of sustainability inthe raw materials acquired, the practices and methods of the producers must be evaluated. To this enddifferent assessment models may be used. This report aims to, through an investigation ofcontemporary assessment models; develop an assessment model which facilitates the sustainableprocurement of ores and metals with a reduced need for compliance from the assessed parties. Theevaluation is carried out based on the triple bottom line (TBL) definition of sustainability and considersthe practices and needs of the ores and metals industry. A number of desirable traits were found in themodels evaluated. A design for a novel assessment model is proposed for scoring ore and metalproducers. The proposed model features recommendations for weighing methods and specifications forimpact indicators, measurement methods, and grading methods. / Malm- och metallindustri arbetar allt mer med hållbar utveckling. Detta kräver metoder för attsäkerställa att potentiella underleverantörer använder sig av procedurer och strategier som anses sundaur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv. För att undersöka detta finns etablerade bedömningsmodeller. Syftet meddenna rapport är att utvärdera dessa modeller för få en grund på vilken en ny modell, anpassad förmalm- och metallindustrin, kan utformas. Denna nya modell utformas för att minska krav av storaeftergifter från de aktörer som undersöks. Utvärderingen baseras på ”triple bottom line” -definitionenav hållbar utveckling och tar hänsyn till behoven som finns i industrin, och de metoder som redananvänds. Arbetet resulterade i att ett antal egenskaper som är önskvärda för en bedömningsmodellidentifierades. Med dessa egenskaper i beaktande utformades en ny bedömningsmodell medrekommendationer för viktning av betyg och specifikationer för mätpunkter, mätmetoder, ochbetygsmodeller.

Public spaces should be public! Their purpose should be to serve the public, not to be convenient for planners, investors and developers. Often, our common ground and imagination of urban landscapes doesn’t go further than a bench, a lawn and, if lucky, a bin. This project explores how public spaces can be governed and organised by the people around it by empowering them to be in the centre of the planning and being able to make decisions and shape their habitat according to their needs, wishes and imagination. As part of this project a guide was created on how to claim and shape one’s local public space together with their community.