Las nuevas tendencias y cambios en el comportamiento del consumidor sumado a la pandemia causada por el coronavirus, han logrado que los consumidores comiencen a optar por adquirir productos que los hagan vivir experiencias positivas y memorables, es decir, productos con los cuales puedan co-crear, todo esto, con el fin de poder aumentar el valor de la marca y todo lo relacionado a la misma. Esta nueva forma de interacción del usuario con el producto le permite crear experiencias, que se denominará co-creación, puede llegar a ser una excelente forma de hacer que el consumidor comience a optar por esta marca y, asimismo, su valor cómo marca crezca. Una categoría que ha venido creciendo y cumple con todas estas características son los kit meals, o kits de comida. Estos, están conformados por distintos ingredientes, los cuales le servirán al consumidor a preparar una receta por sí solo. Por lo tanto, el propósito de este estudio fue determinar la relación que existe entre la experiencia del usuario y el valor de marca en la categoría de kit meals. / New trends and changes in consumer behavior, added to the pandemic caused by the coronavirus, have made consumers begin to choose to purchase products that make them live positive and memorable experiences, that is, products with which they can co-create , all this, in order to increase the value of the brand and everything related to it. This new form of user interaction with the product allows you to create experiences, which will be called co-creation, could become an excellent way to make the consumer start opting for this brand and, also, its value as a brand grows. A category that has been growing and meets all these characteristics are kit meals, or food kits. These are made up of different ingredients, which will serve the consumer to prepare a recipe on their own. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between user experience and brand equity in the kit meals category. / Trabajo de investigación

La publicidad es una herramienta que para el mercadeo tiene un propósito muy claro, el cual es posicionar los productos o servicios para agregar valor a la marca. Al respecto, la publicidad controversial puede herir la susceptibilidad de los consumidores y, por consiguiente, tener un efecto negativo en la aceptación de los bienes y servicios ofertados. Para estudiar esta particular actividad de marketing, se realizó una revisión de la literatura para analizar el impacto de la publicidad controversial sobre el valor de la marca. En esta revisión se ha encontrado posturas a favor de esta forma de publicidad, mientras que otros autores señalaron un punto de vista contrario y, en último término, se ha hallado posiciones neutrales. Se presentan conclusiones y recomendaciones dirigidas al sector empresarial y publicitario, analizando las desventajas o los beneficios que pueda tener la publicidad controversial para las organizaciones y las marcas. Asimismo, se sugieren nuevas líneas de investigación relacionadas con el tema. / Advertising is a tool that has a very clear purpose for marketing, which is to position products or services in order to add value to the brand. In this regard, controversial advertising can hurt the susceptibility of consumers and, therefore, have a negative effect on the acceptance of advertised goods and services. To study this particular marketing activity, a review of the literature was done to analyze the impact of controversial advertising on the value of the brand. In this review, positions in favor of this form of advertising have been found, while other authors pointed out a contrary perspective and, ultimately, neutral positions have been found. Conclusions and recommendations aimed at the business and advertising sector are presented, analyzing the disadvantages or benefits that controversial advertising may have for organizations and brands. Likewise, new lines of research related to the subject are suggested. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

El product placement en videojuegos en línea ha tomado más relevancia en los últimos años, especialmente en los videojuegos de GTA V roleplay, ya que permite sumergirse en un mundo digital e interactuar con diversos jugadores. Esta particular interacción del videojuego lo ha posicionado como el favorito de los seguidores del entorno gamer, especialmente de los streamers más populares de la plataforma Twitch, llevándolos a crear su propio servidor roleplay: Marbella Vice. En este mundo virtual, los personajes interpretados por los streamers interactúan entre sí, pero también se relacionan con marcas de la vida real. Este hecho provoca una asimilación de los valores de las marcas a las características propias de cada personaje, alterando su propia narrativa. El presente trabajo pretende reconocer, mediante entrevistas en profundidad, si los espectadores de los streamers hispanos más sobresalientes en Twitch logran percibir la transferencia de los valores de las marcas con product placement a los personajes de Marbella Vice, con la finalidad de crear estímulos y aumentar la recordación de su producto o servicio en un público más joven al de su target. / Product placement in online video games has become more relevant in recent years, especially in GTA V roleplay video games, as it allows you to immerse yourself in a digital world and interact with various players. This particular interaction of the video game has positioned it as the favorite of the followers of the gamer environment, especially of the most popular streamers of Twitch platform, leading them to create their own roleplay server: Marbella Vice. In this virtual world, characters played by streamers interact with each other, but also interact with real-life brands. This fact causes an assimilation of the values ​​of the brands to the characteristics of each character, altering their own narrative. The present work aims to recognize, through in-depth interviews, if the viewers of the most outstanding Hispanic streamers on Twitch manage to perceive the transfer of the values ​​of the brands with product placement to the Marbella Vice characters, in order to create stimuli and increase the remembrance of your product or service in a younger audience than their target audience. / Trabajo de investigación

No / Purpose: The aim of this research is to investigate how local company web sites can contribute towards the value and characteristics of city brands online, particularly where post-industrial cities are concerned, and to establish a predictive model for this. Design/methodology/approach: Interviews were conducted to gain an understanding of how post-industrial city brands can be influenced by local companies, leading to the notion of a 'constructed' city brand. An overarching brand model was developed based on the works of Christodoulides et al. and Merrilees and Fry and a survey of company web sites conducted. Structural equation modelling was then fitted to these data. Findings: Trustworthiness, responsiveness, online experience and emotional connection were confirmed as dimensions of company online brand value. It was further shown that company brand and constructed city brand are influenced by customer perceptions of brand value. Company brand was not, however, related to constructed city brand for the case study of Bradford, UK, which has a pervading negative reputation. Originality/value: A model incorporating company brand and city brand has been developed and validated for a typical post-industrial city that is in decline. The influence that local companies can exert on these brands via their web sites and behaviours was established. It is further demonstrated that company brands become disassociated from a city if it has a negative brand image.

Counterfeiting is an illegal activity that continues to boom in the 21st century. Many research studies regarding counterfeiting undertaken in the past have had a strong focus on the supply side of the industry, whereas few studies look to consumer demand and even fewer towards consumer demand for counterfeit products in an emerging African market. The aim of this research study, therefore, was to provide a descriptive analysis of the South African consumers‟ intention to purchase authentic luxury fashion brands versus counterfeit products and secondly, to examine if various demographic groupings differ in their purchase intentions. In order to achieve the research objective, an extensive literary review was conducted on the global counterfeit problem with specific focus on the South African counterfeit industry. The concept and value of branding was highlighted, followed by a discussion on consumer behaviour in conjunction with the decision-making process and the consumers‟ intention to purchase. An empirical study was conducted with UNISA students residing within the areas of Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and the Western Cape through a mixed method approach. Qualitative research formed the first leg of the study and assisted in identifying past purchase behaviour of authentic and counterfeit luxury fashion brands. Once identified, these brands were then utilised in a quantitative survey to satisfy the research objectives. The results of this research study indicate that South African consumers‟ have a high intention to purchase authentic luxury fashion brands versus a low intention to purchase counterfeit products. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

高科技產品要打動消費者的心，已不能如同過去只強調其功能價值，要在激烈競爭環境中脫穎而出，無形價值更顯得重要。本研究引用Park, Jaworski and MacInnis (1986)的研究，將品牌帶給顧客的價值分為功能性、象徵性、體驗性價值。根據研究結果，在消費者心中重視的是高科技品牌的功能性與象徵性價值，因此廠商在推出高科技產品時，除產品本身功能要能具吸引力外，在行銷手法上須建立與其他品牌區隔的象徵意義，使消費者能將該產品視為自我身份象徵的徽章(badge)。另一方面，消費者在選購此項產品的涉入程度普遍都很高，而目前市面上產品功能是大同小異，廠商要能使其產品出奇制勝，同樣要以無形價值下手，以增加對消費者的吸引力。此外，本研究發現消費者購買高科技產品時，根據的並非自己的真實特性，而可能是消費者理想的自我。至於，國家文化與品牌聯想之顧客價值的關係在本研究中並不顯著。 / Nowadays, the functional value of the high-tech products is not attractive enough to the consumers. For consumers, they want more values of high-tech products, especially the intangible values. According to Park, Jaworski and MacInnis’ (1986) research, the brand value from customer's point of view could divide into the functional, symbolic and the experiential value. In this research, the consumers more care the functional and symbolic value of high-technology brands. Therefore, the merchants must emphasize on its products’ symbolic value to distinguish from the other brands, especially there is no big difference on the functional side. The customers would like to make the high-tech products as their badge. On the other hand, the consumers feel highly involvement with the high-tech products. The merchants must clothe its high-tech products with more intangible value to defeat the other brands. In addition, this research discovered the consumers might not follow their real characters but ideal self when they purchased the high-tech products. Furthermore, there is no significant relation between the national culture and the brand value in this research.

在這個由消費者主導的時代，行銷的力量在於創造、溝通、傳遞價值予顧客，著重全面的消費者接觸點，策略性地創造有力的品牌概念，為公司增加獲利、為股東累積收益。 本研究以外商半導體公司的成功案例，探討工業零組件之B2B（Business to Business）經營模式中之整合行銷傳播(Integrated Marketing Communication)策略與做法，從IMC的整合程度中之計劃整合面，探討整合行銷傳播中的組織架構，分析內部決策組織和外部功能組織的協調性，以及從人員知識面切入，探討專業人才與能力的培養；再從資源整合面，深入了解個案在整合行銷傳播預算、媒體購買、資料庫運用等面向的資源運用方式，以及在各項傳播工具的操作策略上的實際執行方式與成果，並藉由策略架構、資源、流程、關係、與價值五大面向，分析個案的關鍵成功因素與經驗，再經由個案於去年底所完成之與競爭對手相較之品牌排名調查以及委由國際知名品牌鑑價機構Interbrand計算之企業品牌價值結果，展現個案執行整合行銷傳播策略的實際績效。以個案研究法檢視該公司如何在自皇家飛利浦集團獨立後之一年內迅速累積品牌價值，而其整合行銷傳播策略在其中所達成的貢獻的關鍵成功因素。 本論文之研究方法、針對研究架構中之「計畫整合」及「資源整合」部分採取次級資料分析法，此部分是由supplier side的觀點作為研究出發點; 針對「傳播工具整合」的部分，採取焦點訪談法，是由demand side為出發點，研究客戶未被滿足的需求; 在「關鍵成功因素」的部分，採取深度訪談法，藉由訪談專業人士，針對個案分析其成功的關鍵因素。本論文所選擇的研究個案，是名列全球前十大半導體公司之一的N半導體（N Semiconductors）。 本研究之研究目的在於研究外商半導體公司整合行銷傳播(IMC)的關鍵成功因素與經驗，探討B2B工業零組件經營模式之整合行銷傳播(IMC)策略與做法，期以外商半導體於整合行銷傳播(IMC)方面的成功經驗，做出對台灣IC產業未來發展品牌之建議。 / In this market dominated by consumers, the power of marketing is to create, communicate and transfer value to customers. Focusing on coming into a full-scale contact with consumers, marketing strategically creates an influential concept of brand to increase the profit and generate revenue for the shareholders. This research studies the Integrated Marketing Communication（IMC）strategy and application of business-to-business formula in the global semiconductors industry through a case study of a foreign semiconductors company. Form the perspective of planning integration in IMC, the research analysis the organization structure of the IMC team and the coordination of both internal decision-making and external functional processes. To study the human resource management of professional personals as well as to further realize the IMC budget, media buying, and database utilization, the research also studies from the in-depth perspectives of team knowledge base resource allocation. For the operational practices and results of the communication tools, the research also reviews the company’s key successful factors form the five perspectives of strategic structure, resource allocation, process management, relationship built-up, and value generation. With in-depth analyzing the brand valuation report and brand value evaluation report conducted by Interbrand to unfold the actual effectiveness of the company’s overall integrated marketing communication strategy, as a case study, the research is to sketch how this semiconductors successfully generated brand equity and brand value in just one year since its independence for the Royal Philips group. For the research methods of this research, by taking the “secondary analysis” for studying both planning integration and resource integration form the perspective of supplier side, “focus group” for studying the integration of communication tool from the perspective or demand side, and “in-depth interview” for studying the key successful factors of the case company, which is one of the world’s top 10 semiconductors companies, from the perspective of industrial professionals. The objective of this research is to study the key successful factors and experiences of foreign semiconductors companies, to reflect how to manage the IMC strategy into the company’s overall business strategy of B2B industry, and to make suggestions to the IC companies in Taiwan for brand development based on the successful experiences of the case company.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to determine a perception of the brand Kérastase Paris by consumers in Czech republic and Slovakia and compare it with the identity of the brand. I want to expose consumer habbits in the field of hair care and find out opinion about marketing communication of the brand Kérastase, that is supposed to correspondent with the brand strategy. I also want to expose main characteristics of loyal customer of the brand and propose some marketing recommendation for the brand Kérastase Paris.

Cette thèse bilingue (anglais-italien) en deux volumes est consacrée aux relations que les entreprises tissent avec le monde de l’art. Nous rendons compte du phénomène dans une Revue Systématique de la Littérature qui a permis l’identification de la relation Art & Entreprise selon neuf axes de recherche, qui vont de la philanthropie au parrainage et à l’artification. Nous définissons ce nouveau concept d’artification en tant que relation entre les artistes contemporains et les entreprises appartenant au secteur luxe de la mode. Pour elles, les arts visuels deviennent une troisième source capable de préserver, aux yeux du consommateur, une valeur de marque minée par les effets de la mondialisation et des fusions acquisitions qui ont transformé le secteur luxe de l’industrie de la mode. Les entreprises adoptent un Processus d’Artification visant à transformer leurs produits en œuvres d’art, et deviennent des acteurs nouveaux dans les arts. Après une étude de cas consacrée à l’entreprise française Louis Vuitton, nous testons ce que nous nommons un Effet d’Artification, par le biais d’une expérience-sondage, qui a pris la forme de questionnaires distribués à un échantillon de 880 consommateurs français, au sein du laboratoire INSEAD SORBONNE BEHAVIOURAL LAB. Nous avons testé l’Effet d’Artification en utilisant le modèle de Customer-Based Brand Equity et de la mesure de l’échelle esthétique. Les résultats et leur analyse statistique détaillée montrent que les arts visuels jouent le rôle de troisième source capable de changer la valeur de la marque. Le Processus d’Artification a donc la capacité d’agir en tant que stimulus sur la perception du luxe auprès du consommateur final, réel ou potentiel. / In a two-volume bilingual dissertation in English and in Italian, we research the way companies weave relationships with the art world. First, we account for this phenomenon through a Systematic Literature Review. It allows us to identify the relational Art & Enterprise forms in nine areas of research spanning from sponsorship to philanthropy and to artification. We define this new concept as a specific relational mode between contemporary artists and business enterprises which is frequent in luxury fashion. The visual arts become a viable third source capable of maintining brand value for consumers who are ever more sensitive to a loss in luxury brand value. It is caused by globalization and the frequent mergers and acquisitions that are transforming the luxury sector in the fashion industry. Luxury businesses’aim is to elevate their products into objects of art. Process of Artification additionally results in their acting as key players in the art world. After a case study of French company Louis Vuitton, we finally test what we term Artification Effect by carrying out a consumer-based survey: with the help of INSEAD-SORBONNE BEHAVIOURAL LAB, we designed a survey with questionnaires distributed to an 880 French-consumers sample. We tested the Artification Effect through the model of Customer-Based Brand Equity and The Measurement of the Aesthetic Scale. The results and our in-depth statistical analysis prove that the visual arts effectively play the role of third source capable of changing the value of a brand. The Artification Process therefore acts as stimulus eliciting the perception of luxury in the end or potential consumer.

Counterfeiting is an illegal activity that continues to boom in the 21st century. Many research studies regarding counterfeiting undertaken in the past have had a strong focus on the supply side of the industry, whereas few studies look to consumer demand and even fewer towards consumer demand for counterfeit products in an emerging African market. The aim of this research study, therefore, was to provide a descriptive analysis of the South African consumers‟ intention to purchase authentic luxury fashion brands versus counterfeit products and secondly, to examine if various demographic groupings differ in their purchase intentions. In order to achieve the research objective, an extensive literary review was conducted on the global counterfeit problem with specific focus on the South African counterfeit industry. The concept and value of branding was highlighted, followed by a discussion on consumer behaviour in conjunction with the decision-making process and the consumers‟ intention to purchase. An empirical study was conducted with UNISA students residing within the areas of Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and the Western Cape through a mixed method approach. Qualitative research formed the first leg of the study and assisted in identifying past purchase behaviour of authentic and counterfeit luxury fashion brands. Once identified, these brands were then utilised in a quantitative survey to satisfy the research objectives. The results of this research study indicate that South African consumers‟ have a high intention to purchase authentic luxury fashion brands versus a low intention to purchase counterfeit products. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)