This dissertation provides analysis on several areas of study related to the history of the United States Marine Corps in the Civil War Era. One element scrutinizes the efforts of Commandant Archibald Henderson to transform the Corps into a more nimble and professional organization. Henderson's initiatives are placed within the framework of the several fundamental changes that the U.S. Navy was undergoing as it worked to experiment with, acquire, and incorporate new naval technologies into its own operational concept. Analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of Henderson's programs are provided and comparisons drawn with those priorities established by his successor, Commandant John Harris. In addition, the operations undertaken by the Corps during the Civil War are evaluated in terms of their relative benefit for the national military establishment as a whole. The Corps organization and operational concept is scrutinized and compared with that of similar military structures. In particular, the relationship between the U.S. Marine Corps and the Confederate States Marine Corps are compared. In the process, the South's Corps, born in part out of that of the North's, exhibited many distinct advantages that the USMC solidly resisted adopting during the war years. The influence of key leaders, both military and civilian, reveals many problems that continued to negatively affect the Corps' ability to meet operational requirements as defined by senior naval and Army commanders. Yet despite these issues, the Corps' Civil War experiences served as a crucible for forging a new generation of leaders who earnestly fought for reforms and increased professionalization of the unit. Although the Corps suffered from several problems related to lack of institutional vision and leadership failings of some senior officers, at a small unit level the officers and Marines performed their duties in a competent, enthusiastic, and courageous manner. Therefore, Marines continued to be in great demand by naval commanders at all levels, who actively sought their service in a variety of operation.

Post-pelagic juvenile and subadult Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) (20-40 cm straight carapace length) utilize nearshore waters of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico as nursery or developmental feeding grounds. This study utilizes 10 years of entanglement netting data to characterize long-term abundance and distribution of Kemp's ridley sea turtles at index habitats in this region. Netting surveys were conducted during April-October 1993-2002, primarily at Sabine Pass, Texas and Calcasieu Pass, Louisiana. Additionally, this study takes an ecosystem-based approach to understanding factors influencing Kemp's ridley in-water abundance and distribution via the development of a conceptual model incorporating data on nesting dynamics, environmental conditions, prey availability, and predation pressure. Overall monthly mean ridley catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) peaked in the beginning of summer (April-June), probably in response to rising water temperatures and seasonal occurrence of blue crab prey. Annual mean ridley CPUE across all study areas peaked in 1994, 1997, 1999 and 2002, suggesting a 2-3 year cycle in abundance that may be related to patterns in clutch size or hatch success at the Rancho Nuevo, Mexico nesting beach. However, ridley CPUE in nearshore waters remained relatively constant or decreased slightly even as number of hatchlings released from Rancho Nuevo increased exponentially. Annual declines in Texas strandings since 1994 and subsequent increases in Florida counterparts since 1995 suggest a shift in ridley distribution from the western to eastern Gulf in recent years. Significant declines in ridley CPUE at Sabine Pass since 1997 coincided with a concurrent reduction in blue crab size, but a similar trend was not detected at Calcasieu Pass. Kemp's ridley occurrence at study sites was not significantly related to shrimping activity/by-catch. There also were no biologically significant relationships between Kemp's ridley CPUE and abiotic factors, nor were ridleys deterred from utilizing areas frequented by bull sharks. Overall, nesting dynamics and prey availability were conceptual model components appearing to have the greatest influence on nearshore ridley occurrence.

In questa tesi, l’analisi verte su risk-adjusted performance, proprietà statistiche e caratteristiche dei fondi hedge (FH). Nel primo articolo, i risultati relativi al survivorship bias e backfill bias indicano che l’impatto delle distorsioni è diverso a seconda delle strategie. Utilizzando il modello multifattoriale di Fung and Hsieh (2004), l’analisi della performance indica che il 42% dei FH ha ottenuto un rendimento superiore al mercato. Infine, utilizzando dei metodi parametrici e non parametrici, l’analisi della persistenza indica differenti livelli di persistenza a seconda della strategia. Nel secondo articolo, vengono analizzati i fondi di fondi hedge (FOHFs). I risultati sono particolarmente interessanti. In primo luogo, i FOHFs e le sotto strategie hanno generato un excess return positivo; inoltre l’alfa ottenuto attraverso il modello a 7 fattori di Fung and Hsieh (2004) risulta elevato. In secondo luogo, i FOHFs e le sotto strategie hanno un rendimento inferiore a quello dell’indice dei FH. In terzo luogo, le correlazioni tra gli indici dei FOHFs e l’indice azionario sono inferiori rispetto alle correlazioni tra l’indice dei FH e gli indici azionari. Infine, l’indice dei FH e quelli dei FOHFs sono positivamente correlati con l’indice azionario quando il mercato tende al ribasso, ma risultano non correlati con l’indice azionario quando il mercato tende al rialzo. Rispetto all’indice dei FH, gli indici dei FOHFs hanno una correlazione minore con gli indici azionari in entrambe le fasi del mercato, suggerendo che i FOHFs forniscono benefici maggiori in termini di diversificazione rispetto ai fondi hedge puri. / In this thesis, I examine the risk-adjusted performance, statistical properties and fund characteristics of hedge fund investments. In Essay One, results of survivorship bias and backfill bias by investment styles indicate that biases are different across styles. Using a multi-factor model of Fung and Hsieh (2004), the analysis of performance indicates that 42% of the hedge funds significantly outperformed the market. Finally, using parametric and non-parametric methods, the analysis of persistence indicates different degree of persistence depending on the hedge fund strategy. In Essay Two, I analyse fund of hedge funds (FOHFs). I find several interesting results. First, FOHFs and the sub-strategies earn positive excess returns and a high Fung and Hsieh 7-factor alpha. Second, FOHFs and the sub-strategies underperform the hedge fund index (HFI). Third, the correlations between FOHF indices and equity index are lower than correlations between HFI and equity indices. Finally, hedge funds and FOHFs are positively correlated with the equity index in the bear markets but uncorrelated with the equity index in the bull markets. Compared to HFI, FOHF indices have lower correlation with equity index in both bull and bear markets, indicating that FOHFs provide better diversification benefits than individual hedge funds.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:38:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 crespilho_am_me_botfmvz.pdf: 507525 bytes, checksum: a1c92f545e77b50838125fbea8dfddd6 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A despeito das inúmeras variáveis que influenciam direta e indiretamente a fertilidade das fêmeas bovinas, a qualidade das amostras seminais exerce um papel importante na determinação das taxas de concepção dos programas de inseminação artificial. Os objetivos dessa pesquisa foram comparar a efetividade de dois diluidores de criopreservação de sêmen bovino no processamento de amostras seminais apresentando diferentes concentrações espermáticas em relação aos índices de congelabilidade determinados laboratorialmente (Experimento I) e as taxas de concepção proporcionadas por cada metodologia quando utilizada em programas de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) em bovinos (Experimento II). No Experimento I foram utilizados 14 ejaculados de diferentes touros da raça Nelore. Cada ejaculado foi fracionado em oito alíquotas iguais, submetidas a criopreservação com os diluidores Tris-gema de ovo-frutose (meio TRIS) e MKA nas concentrações de 12, 25, 50 e 100 milhões de espermatozóides totais por mililitro de meio, formando oito grupos experimentais em função das variáveis diluidor e concentração. As amostras foram descongeladas a 46 ºC por 20 segundos, avaliando-se os padrões de motilidade através do método computadorizado (CASA), integridade de membrana plasmática (IMP), resistência ao teste de termorresistência rápido (TTR) e taxa de recuperação e IMP após seleção espermática pela técnica de swim-up. Para o Experimento II foram selecionados sete touros utilizados no Experimento I, obtendo-se um ejaculado de cada animal por eletroejaculação... / Although there are many variables which directly or indirectly influence female bovine fertility, the quality of sperm samples plays a important role in the determination of conception rates in artificial insemination programs. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficiency of two bovine semen extenders for sperm freezing with different spermatic concentrations in the freezability determined by lab tests (Experiment I), and conception rates after fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI; Experiment II). In Experiment I 14 ejaculates of different Nelore bulls were used. Each ejaculate was splitsampled in to eight equal parts and then submitted to cryopreservation with Tris-egg yolk fructose (TRIS) and MKA extenders, at concentrations of 12, 25, 50 and 100 millions spermatozoa per milliliter forming eight experimental groups. The samples were thawed at 46 ºC for 20 seconds, and the following parameters were evaluated: sperm motility and movement (by computer-assisted semen analysis - CASA), sperm membrane integrity (SMI), resistance to the fast thermoresistance test (TT), recovery rate and sperm membrane integrity after sperm selection through swim-up technique. Seven of 14 bulls used in Experiment I were selected for Experiment II, and semen was collected from each of the animals by electroejaculation. The seven ejaculates obtained were mixed (semen pool) and cryopreserved, thus forming eight experimental groups according to the freezing extenders and sperm concentrations/straws: TRIS 12, 25, 50 and 100, and MKA 12, 25, 50 and 100...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

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Le terme veaux laitiers se réfère aux veaux mâles et femelles non retenus pour le remplacement et vendus en jeune âge. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer l’association entre les caractéristiques et les pratiques de la ferme et le prix final de veaux laitiers lors de leurs mises en marche dans deux encans québécois. Les éleveurs des fermes d’origine des veaux ont été contactés pour répondre à un questionnaire sur les caractéristiques et les pratiques de leur ferme. L’association entre les caractéristiques et les pratiques de la ferme et le percentile de la médiane du prix des veaux a été évaluée via un modèle multivariable de régression linéaire. Un total de 509 éleveurs a été contacté, 433 ont accepté de participer et 409 questionnaires ont été retenus pour les analyses statistiques. Les fermes ont vendu en médiane deux veaux (entre 1 et 19) et la majorité (82%) était de race Holstein. Leur prix était positivement associé à une production moyenne par vache/an supérieure à 11 000 litres et à la présence sur la ferme de trois travailleurs et plus s’occupant des veaux. Leur prix était négativement associé à la vaccination des vaches pour la diarrhée néonatale, l’absence de désinfection du cordon ombilical des veaux, l’interdiction aux transporteurs d’entrer dans les bâtiments de la ferme et à l’utilisation de ripe de bois comme litière des veaux. Les résultats démontrent que les caractéristiques et les pratiques de la ferme d’origine sont associées au prix des veaux laitiers / The term surplus calf defines the male calves and heifers culled within two weeks of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between the characteristics and the practice of the dairy farms and the price of surplus calves. Their selling price (CAD/kg) were recorded in two-auction markets between 2019 and 2020. The farms who sold calves during the study were contacted to answer the survey. The possible association between the characteristics and the practices of the farms and the median percentile of surplus calves’ selling price per farm was assessed using a multivariable linear regression model. A total of 509 farmers were contacted, 433 of them have accepted to be enrolled and 409 questionnaires were retained for statistical analysis. The median of the surplus calves sold by the farm was two (between 1 and 19) and the majority were Holstein (82%). The covariates that were positively associated with the median percentile of surplus calves’ selling price per farm were an average milk production per cow/year superior to 11,000 liters and the presence of the farm of three or more workers available to take care of calves. Their selling price was negatively associated with vaccination of cows for neonatal calf diarrhea, no disinfection of the navel of newborn calves, no forbid transporters to entry in the farm’s buildings and use of wood shaving as bedding for surplus calves. The results show the association between the characteristics and practices of farms and the price of surplus calves.

Bakgrund: De senaste åren har svenska privatpersoner aktiehandel ökat markant. Det låga ränteläget tillsammans med lägre entrébarriärer har resulterat i att ett stadigt inflöde av nya användare har tillkommit till plattformar för aktiehandel. Det är dock ingen lätt uppgift att skapa överavkastning. Föreliggande studie ämnar undersöka om det med hjälp av relativvärdering kan skapas en strategi som konsekvent kan skapa en riskjusterad överavkastning. Studien har valt att fokusera på den nordiska verkstadsindustrin, som historiskt har gett en stabil avkastning och innehåller flera väletablerade företag. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att analysera om man med hjälp av nyckeltalen P/E, EV/EBITDA, P/B, EV/S och förändring av Cash Conversion Cycle kan skapa riskjusterad avkastning på nordiska verkstadsföretag som är högre än jämförelseindex under perioden 2012–2022. Metod: För att uppfylla studiens syfte har en kvantitativ studie med en deduktiv ansats använts. Ett urval ur Nasdaqs listade industriaktier med rensade från producerande och finansiella företag har använts för att skapa portföljer baserade på P/E, P/B, EV/S, EV/EBITDA och ΔCCC. Totalt 10 portföljer skapades, 5 baserade låga respektive 5 på höga nyckeltal. Portföljerna har sedan ombalanserats årligen, den observerade avkastningen har sedan riskjusterats och satts emot ett jämförelseindex. Resultat: Höga EV/EBITDA-, höga EV/S-, låga EV/EBITDA-, låga EV/EBITDA- och störst negativ ΔCCC-portföljerna presterade överavkastning under den aktuella perioden mellan 2012–2022 för verkstadsföretag i Norden. Portföljen som bestod av höga EV/EBITDA-aktier skapade högst riskjusterad avkastning. Totalt presterade 50% av portföljerna högre riskjusterad avkastning än jämförelseindex. Ingen av de överpresterande portföljerna visade sig vara signifikanta. / Background: In recent years, Swedish private equity trading has increased markedly. The low interest rate in addition to fewer entry barriers have resulted in a steady influx of new users of stock trading platforms. However, creating excess returns is no easy task. This study intends to investigate whether, with the help of relative valuation, a strategy can be created that can consistently create a risk-adjusted excess return. The study has chosen to focus on the Nordic manufacturing companies, which has historically provided a stable return and includes several well-established companies. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze whether the key figures P/E, EV/EBITDA, P/B, EV/S and Changes in Cash Conversion Cycle can create a risk adjusted return on Nordic manufacturing companies that is higher than the comparable stock index during the period 2012–2022. Method: To fulfill the purpose of the study, a quantitative study with a deductive approach has been used. A sample of Nasdaq listed industrial shares cleared of non-producing and financial companies has been used to create portfolios based on P/E, P/B, EV/S, EV/EBITDA and ΔCCC. A total of 10 portfolios were created, 5 based on low and 5 on high key figures. The portfolios have since been rebalanced annually, the observed return has since been risk adjusted and compared against a comparable index. Result: High EV/EBITDA-, high EV/S-, low EV/EBITDA-, low EV/EBITDA- and the largest negative ΔCCC portfolios achieved excess returns during the period between 2012–2022 for manufacturing companies in the Nordic countries. The portfolio consisting of high EV/EBITDA stocks created the highest risk-adjusted return. In total, 50% of the portfolios performed higher risk adjusted return than the benchmark index. None of the overperforming portfolios proved to be significant.

Os vínculos identitários associados ao toureio estão presentes na formação de um conceito de Espanha, apropriados por diferentes grupos ao longo dos séculos, e referendados por todos eles. A reflexão da historiografia presente na dissertação, indica a possibilidade de as touradas a pé profissionais terem se tornado o amálgama geográfico cultural no século XVIII, de uma sociedade aglutinada por um ritual espetacularizante, onde uma rigorosa estética se configurou como o cumprimento indissolúvel de uma nova ética burguesa, articulada por trabalhadores urbanos. Esse percurso de transferência das projeções simbólicas das touradas cavalheirescas nobres para as touradas a pé profissionais foi o resultado de um processo de crise e consequentemente de busca de novas alternativas de reiteração social e outros significados para o toureio. Assim, por meio de testemunhos documentais do século XVIII, na voz de um dramaturgo ilustrado, um cavaleiro plebeu e um famoso toureiro, perscrutamos os caminhos das apropriações identitárias e de que maneira aparecem como processos constitutivos de um sentido de Espanha, para a historiografia taurina contemporânea. / The identity ties associated with bullfighting are present in the formation of a concept of Spain, appropriated by different groups throughout the centuries, and endorsed by all of them. The reflection of the historiography present in the dissertation indicates the possibility that professional bullfights have become the cultural geographic amalgam in the eighteenth century, a society agglutinated by a spectacular ritual, where a rigorous aesthetic was configured as the indissoluble fulfillment of a new Bourgeois ethics, articulated by urban workers. This transfer of the symbolic projections of the noble chivalrous bullfights to the professional bullfights was the result of a crisis process and consequently of search of new alternatives of social reiteration and other meanings for the bullfighting. Thus, through documentary testimonies of the eighteenth century, in the voice of an illustrated dramatist, a plebeian knight and a famous bullfighter, we investigate the paths of identity appropriation and how they appear as processes, that constitute a sense of Spain for bullfighting historiography contemporary.

Os vínculos identitários associados ao toureio estão presentes na formação de um conceito de Espanha, apropriados por diferentes grupos ao longo dos séculos, e referendados por todos eles. A reflexão da historiografia presente na dissertação, indica a possibilidade de as touradas a pé profissionais terem se tornado o amálgama geográfico cultural no século XVIII, de uma sociedade aglutinada por um ritual espetacularizante, onde uma rigorosa estética se configurou como o cumprimento indissolúvel de uma nova ética burguesa, articulada por trabalhadores urbanos. Esse percurso de transferência das projeções simbólicas das touradas cavalheirescas nobres para as touradas a pé profissionais foi o resultado de um processo de crise e consequentemente de busca de novas alternativas de reiteração social e outros significados para o toureio. Assim, por meio de testemunhos documentais do século XVIII, na voz de um dramaturgo ilustrado, um cavaleiro plebeu e um famoso toureiro, perscrutamos os caminhos das apropriações identitárias e de que maneira aparecem como processos constitutivos de um sentido de Espanha, para a historiografia taurina contemporânea. / The identity ties associated with bullfighting are present in the formation of a concept of Spain, appropriated by different groups throughout the centuries, and endorsed by all of them. The reflection of the historiography present in the dissertation indicates the possibility that professional bullfights have become the cultural geographic amalgam in the eighteenth century, a society agglutinated by a spectacular ritual, where a rigorous aesthetic was configured as the indissoluble fulfillment of a new Bourgeois ethics, articulated by urban workers. This transfer of the symbolic projections of the noble chivalrous bullfights to the professional bullfights was the result of a crisis process and consequently of search of new alternatives of social reiteration and other meanings for the bullfighting. Thus, through documentary testimonies of the eighteenth century, in the voice of an illustrated dramatist, a plebeian knight and a famous bullfighter, we investigate the paths of identity appropriation and how they appear as processes, that constitute a sense of Spain for bullfighting historiography contemporary.

Bislang wurden Bullen in der Milchrinderzucht anhand des Töchterleistungsvergleiches bewertet, was zur Folge hatte, dass die Zuchtwertschätzung erst nach fünf Jahren vorlag (REENTS UND REINHARDT, 2007). Durch die 2010 eingeführte genomische Zuchtwertschätzung werden Bullenkälber bereits in den ersten Lebensmonaten geprüft und die erfolgreichen Bullen ab einem Alter von 12 Monaten zur Spermaproduktion von den Besamungsstationen eingesetzt. Zu bedenken ist dabei, dass Jungbullen unter 2 Jahren lediglich ein durchschnittliches Ejakulatvolumen von 2-4 ml aufweisen und die Spermienkonzentration deutlich unter der von Altbullen liegt. Es müssen daher entweder mehr Jungbullen zum Einsatz kommen oder die Besamungsportionen müssen in ihrer Spermienkon-zentration reduziert werden. Eine am Institut für Nutztiergenetik Mariensee ent-wickelte Methode, der Sperm-Intra-Fallopian-Transfer (SIFT®), ermöglicht es, minimal dosierte Spermaportionen unchirurgisch in den Eileiter zu übertragen (GROSSFELD ET AL., 2011B). Ein wesentlicher Vorteil dieser Methode ist die Re-duzierung des Besamungsvolumens unter Beibehaltung des Volu-men/Mengenverhältnisses. Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit war es, eine in Volumen und Spermienzahl reduzierte Spermaportion neu zu konfektionieren und ein angepasstes Kühl- sowie Gefrierprotokoll zu entwickeln. Hierbei sollten vergleichbare Auftauqualitäten wie in einer üblichen Besamungsportion erreicht werden. Die Qualität des Spermas wurde dabei sowohl unter Laborbedingungen als auch in Testbesamungen an zufällig ausgewählten Färsen und Kühen evaluiert. In ersten Screeningversuchen wurde zunächst ein Tiefgefrierverfahren für gering dosierte Verpackungssysteme (Nanostraw) mit einem Volumen bis 50 µl entwickelt. Dabei sollten vergleichbare Auftauqualitäten üblicher Besamungs-portionen erreicht werden. Es wurden sechs verschiedene Kühlkurven (A-D, D+ und E) entwickelt. Dabei zeigte sich, dass aufgrund der Stickstoff-volumeneinströme ein Haltepunkt bei -8°C in keiner der Einfrierkurven für kleine Volumina zu etablieren war. Dies ist u.a. auf die bauartbedingten Vorgaben des verwendeten Einfrierautomaten zurückzuführen. Ebenso wurde der Zusatz von 7,5% Glyzerin im Verdünner bei dem Gefrierprotokoll D+ aufgrund der Datenlage des Vorversuchs für den Hauptversuch verworfen. Die Proben wurden bullenindividuell erhoben, zur besseren statistischen Absicherung jedoch für die Auswertung zusammengefasst. Aus den Screeningversuchen erschien das Kryokonservierungsprotokoll D+ für den Nanostraw unter Laborbedingungen am geeignetsten und wurde im Thermoresistenztest, der den Bedingungen im Hinblick auf die Temperatur im Uterus bzw. Eileiter ähnlich ist, getestet. Weiterhin fand ein Vergleich der spermatologischen Qualitätsparameter nach dem Auftauen zwischen der Kontroll- und der Nanostrawgruppe mit der Kühlkurve D+ im Thermoresistenztest statt. Im praktischen Teil der Arbeit wurde die Methode SIFT® zunächst anhand eines Versuchs mit geschlechtsdifferenziertem Frischsamen praktiziert. Dabei wurden 20 Färsen mittelseiner Prid®α 1, 55g Progesteron-Spirale und zehn Kühe mit einem Ovsynch Programm synchronisiert. In einem weiteren Besamungsversuch konnte das Sperma aus den Nanostraws verwendet werden, das vorher kryokonserviert worden ist. Es wurden nur spontan brünstige Färsen und Kühe in den Eileiter besamt. Die Untersuchungen führten zu folgenden Ergebnissen: 1) In den Screeningversuchen zeigte sich, dass der Anteil motiler Spermien signifikant (p≤0,05) abhängig von der Gefriergeschwindigkeit der Kühlkurve war. Der höchste Anteil motiler Spermien aus dem Nanostraw war in Kühlkurve D+ mit einem Anteil von 52,9% zu verzeichnen. Eine signifikante Zunahme des Anteils membranintakter Spermien von Kurve A zu B und D zu D+ war zu beobachten. Die Hälfte der Nanostrawspermien zeigten in der Kühlkurve D+ eine intakte Membranintegrität. Die Kontrollspermien lagen bei 56,9%. In Kurve D+ zeigten 66,6% der Spermien aus dem Nanostraw keine morphologischen Veränderungen, in der Kontrollgruppe waren dies 75,4%. Die Änderung der Glyzerinkonzentration im Verdünnungsmedium zeigte keine signifikante Verbesserung der Spermaqualitätsparameter nach dem Auftauen. 2) Im Thermoresistenztest erreichten die Spermien aus dem Nanostraw in allen gemessenen Parametern die Mindestanforderungen an die Spermaqualität nach Rath et al. (2009). So belief sich der Anteil membranintakter Spermien aus dem Nanostraw nach dreistündiger Inkubation bei 37°C auf 56,4%, die Kontrollstrawspermien lagen bei einem Anteil von 67,2%. Dabei zeigte der Faktor Bulle einen signifikanten Effekt (p≤0,01) auf den Anteil motiler und progressiver Spermien sowie den Anteil PI-negativer Spermien. Mögliche Effekte des Bullen auf die Qualität und Befruchtungsfähigkeit der Spermien nach dem Auftauen zeigten andere Versuchsanstellungen und Forschungshypothesen (JANUSKAUSKAS ET AL., 1996, KATHIRAVAN ET AL., 2011). 3) In dem ersten Besamungsversuch wurden 20 Färsen und zehn Kühen geschlechtsdifferenziertes Sperma mit der Methode SIFT® in den Eileiter über-tragen. 37,5% der Färsen und 33% der Kühe wurden tragend. Dabei konnte ein bullenindividueller dosisabhängiger Effekt festgestellt werden. 50% der Kühe, die mit 500.000 Samenzellen inseminiert wurden und 16% der Kühe, die mit 250.000 Samenzellen besamt wurden, wurden tragend. 4) Im Besamungsversuch mit dem kryokonservierten Sperma aus dem Na-nostraw wurden sechs spontan brünstige Rinder mittels SIFT®-Spermien in den Eileiter übertragen. Alle Tiere wurden als Kälber für die Follikelpunktion in einem anderen Versuch verwendet. Fünf Tiere wurden mit dem Bullen A besamt. 40% der Tiere wurden tragend. Lediglich ein Tier wurde mit dem Bullen B besamt. Das Trächtigkeitsergebnis war negativ. Die Kühe wurden mit dem Bullen A besamt, dieser erzielte eine Trächtigkeitsrate von 33%.