Reclamation on the Cardinal River and Gregg River coal mines includes the construction of mine pit lakes connected to stream environments. Key physical, chemical and biological parameters of these “truck and shovel” lakes and their streams were investigated, and hypotheses regarding ecosystems and populations were tested. Findings include: Sphinx Lake and Pit Lake CD exhibit meromictic (partial-mixing) tendencies, but still function in a similar fashion to shallower, natural sub-alpine lakes. Elevated selenium concentrations as high as 16 ug/g (dry weight) were recorded in Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs taken from gravid Sphinx Lake and Pit Lake CD fish. Potential detrimental effects associated with the bioaccumulation of selenium on fish reproduction were not observed. Stream water temperatures downstream of Sphinx Lake and Pit Lake CD were significantly warmer than in inlet streams and streams without pit lakes. Streambed concretions caused by calcite precipitation were documented and found to affect portions of the upper Gregg River basin. Remediation of this concretion is important for sustainability of trout populations. Aquatic communities including fish, invertebrates, zooplankton and aquatic plants are present in these pit lake systems. Athabasca Rainbow trout populations are self-propagating (spawning at the outlets) with higher densities downstream than there were prior to lake reclamation. The development of sub-alpine mine-pit lakes connected to the stream environment appears to be an appropriate and beneficial reclamation technique in this area. / xvi, 224 leaves : col. ill., map ; 28 cm

Le but de cette thèse est de construire un modèle de détection des changements de phase -passages de marché haussier à baissier et vice versa - du marché des actions américaines cotées, en utilisant un nombre relativement important de variables à la fois fondamentales (macroéconomiques et microéconomiques) et issues de l’analyse technique.Le modèle statistique retenu est la régression logistique statique, avec un retard pour les variables explicatives allant de zéro à trois mois. Les huit variables les plus significatives parmi vingt candidatesont été sélectionnées à partir des données mensuelles du S&P500 sur la période 1963-2003. Le modèle obtenu a été testé sur 2004-2013 et sa performance a été supérieure à celles de la stratégie Buy & Holdet d’un modèle univarié utilisant la variable ayant le plus fort pouvoir de détection - ce dernier modèle ayant fait l’objet d’une étude dans la littérature.Il a également été montré que des variables non encore considérées dans la littérature - la moyenne mobile sur les six derniers mois des créations nettes d’emplois non-agricoles, la base monétaire et le Composite Leading Indicator de l’OCDE - ont un pouvoir de détection significatif pour notre problématique. D'autre part, la variable binaire indiquant la position du S&P500 par rapport à sa moyenne mobile des dix derniers mois - variable de type analyse technique - a un pouvoir prédictif beaucoup plus élevé que les variables fondamentales étudiées. Enfin, les deux autres variables les plus statistiquement significatives sont macroéconomiques : l'écart entre les taux à dix ans des T-bonds et à trois mois des T-bills et la moyenne mobile des créations d’emplois non-agricoles. / The goal of this thesis is to build a model capable of detecting the reversals - shift from bull market to bear market or vice versa - of the American stock market, by using a relatively large number of explanatory variables, both of fundamental (macroeconomic and microeconomic) and of ‘technical analysis’ types.The statistical model used is static logistic regression, with lags for the independent variables ranging from zero to three months. Starting with twenty variables, the eight most significant ones have been selected on a training set consisting of monthly data of the S&P500 between 1963 and 2003. There sulting model has been tested over the 2004-2013 period and its performance was better than those of a buy & hold strategy and of a univariate model based on the variable with the highest predictive power – the latter model being the focus of a paper in the current literature. Another contribution of the thesis is that some variables not yet studied in the literature – the six month moving average of net non-farm job creations, the monetary base and the OECD Composite Leading Indicator – are statistically significant for our problem. Moreover, the predictive power of the binary variable indicating whether the S&P500 is above or below its ten-month moving average – a technical analysis variable – is much higher than that of the fundamental variables which have been considered. Finally, the two other most significant variables are macroeconomic ones: the spread between the ten-year T-bond and three-month T-bill rates and the moving average of non-farm jobs creations.

Many communities are currently seeking to balance urban water needs with preservation of sensitive fish habitat. As part of that effort, CE-QUAL-W2, a hydrodynamic and temperature model, was developed for Chester Morse Lake and the lower Cedar River, WA. Chester Morse Lake is approximately 10 km long with a maximum depth at full pool of 40 m. The Cedar River model started immediately downstream of the Chester Morse dam and ended 21 km downstream at Landsburg, where drinking water is diverted for the City of Seattle. This water quality model was coupled with a fish habitat and bioenergetics model for bull trout and was calibrated to temperature data between 2005 and 2008. Bull trout fish bioenergetics parameters were provided by the USGS. The CE-QUAL-W2 model was found to be highly accurate in modeling temperature variation in the lake - at most locations having an average absolute mean error of between 0.5 and 0.8 oC. The Cedar River model had an average absolute mean error of 0.7oC. This tool is designed to allow managers and operators to estimate the impact to fish habitat and growth potential from various management decisions including extent of drawdown, timing/volume of flows, and various pumping operations. Future studies could include incorporating further water quality parameters such as nutrients, algae, and zooplankton as they relate to fish productivity.

Today fund matching is a natural part of Swedes finance and is a popular form of savings that includes a large number of investors in the Swedish fund market. This in turn generates an increased interest in how portfolio managers should locate and acquire knowledge in portfolio selection. This gives a greater interest in how different investment strategies can be affected and generate an investors wealth to an increased level within the stock market, which gives an increased focus to be able to generate as high risk-adjusted return as possible. The study partly presents traditional theory and background on modern portfolio theory and the efficient market hypothesis. Empirical studies also present within the financial market that demonstrate the differences of opinion between how actively versus passively managed funds have performed and which investment strategy is most beneficial for investment.  The purpose of the study is to compare realized return on active versus passive funds during long term, short term and specific time periods that had a lot of economic fluctuations, like bear markets. Within the study 10 actively managed funds and two index measures are selected to be studied and compared based on their respective performance, both within its rise and fall in the Swedish fund market. The performance measures will then be applied to be able to produce the results of the study and to be able to answer whether the active fund’s have any statistically significant over- and underperformance. After conducting single index models and t-test on the 10 active funds, the result of the study shows that despite using two benchmarks index, ten different active funds, long time period, short time period or specific time periods defined by market imbalance , we still resulted in many P-values that was not statistically significant. Active funds failed to overperform against passive funds, but passive funds also failed to outperform our selection of active funds.

Investors constantly seek information that provides an edge over the market. One of the conventional methods is to find factors which can predict asset returns. In this study we improve the Fama and French Five-Factor model with Regime-Switches, student's t distributions and copula dependencies. We also add price momentum as a sixth factor and add a one-day lag to the factors. The Regime-Switches are obtained from a Hidden Markov Model with conditional Student's t distributions. For the return process we use factor data as input, Student's t distributed residuals, and Student's t copula dependencies. To fit the copulas, we develop a novel approach based on the Expectation-Maximisation algorithm. The results are promising as the quantiles for most of the portfolios show a good fit to the theoretical quantiles. Using a sophisticated Stochastic Programming model, we back-test the predictive power over a 26 year period out-of-sample. Furthermore we analyse the performance of different factors during different market regimes.

From the viewpoint of classical reception studies, I am asking what contemporary British art (by, for example, Sarah Lucas, Damien Hirst, and Mark Wallinger) has to do with the classical tradition – both the art and literature of Greco-Roman antiquity. I have conducted face-to-face interviews with some of the leading artists working in Britain today, including Lucas, Hirst, Wallinger, Marc Quinn, and Gilbert & George. In addition to contemporary art, the thesis focuses on Greco-Roman art and on myths and modes of looking that have come to shape the western art historical tradition – seeking to offer a different perspective on them from that of the Renaissance and neoclassicism. The thesis concentrates on the generation of artists known as the YBAs, or Young British Artists, who came to prominence in the 1990s. These artists are not renowned for their deference to the classical tradition, and are widely regarded as having turned their backs on classical art and its legacies. The introduction asks whether their work, which has received little scholarly attention, might be productively reassessed from the perspective of classical reception studies. It argues that while their work no longer subscribes to a traditional understanding of classical ‘influence’, it continues to depend – for its power and provocativeness – on classical concepts of figuration, realism, and the basic nature of art. Without claiming that the work of the YBAs is classical or classicizing, the thesis sets out to challenge the assumption that their work has nothing to do with ancient art, or that it fails to conform to ancient understandings of what art is. In order to do this, the thesis analyses contemporary works of art through three classical ‘lenses’. Each lens allows contemporary art to be examined in the context of a longer history. The first lens is the concept of realism, as seen in artistic and literary explorations of the relationship between art and life. This chapter uses the myth of Pygmalion’s statue as a way of thinking about contemporary art’s continued engagement with ideas of mimesis and the ‘real’ which were theorised and debated in antiquity. The second lens is corporeal fragmentation, as evidenced by the broken condition of ancient statues, the popular theme of dismemberment in western art, and the fragmentary body in contemporary art. The final chapter focuses on the figurative plaster cast, arguing that contemporary art continues to invoke and reinvent the long tradition of plaster reproductions of ancient statues and bodies. Through each of these ‘lenses’, I argue that contemporary art remains linked, both in form and meaning, to the classical past – often in ways which go beyond the stated intentions of an artist. Contemporary art continues to be informed by ideas and processes that were theorised and practised in the classical world; indeed, it is these ideas and processes that make it deserving of the art label.

當併購行為未經目標公司之經營階層同意時，目標公司之經營階層，是否得採取對抗敵意併購之防禦措施?由於經營階層在採取防禦措施並成功排除敵意併購下，將產生確保自身經營權之效果。從而，防禦措施之採取恐有涉及其自身之利害關係，是否得以任意採取防禦措施即生疑義。再者，防禦措施之採用，涉及該項措施相關領域之基礎規範，包括法律及行政命令之範疇，此等規範之內容，亦有釐清之必要。此外，縱使符合防禦措施所涉及各該相關法律領域之基礎規範，針對於防禦措施之適用本身，是否可能發展出不同於基礎規範之內容，包括防禦措施所應有之適當程序與規制內容。本文試圖對此作等問題，整理相關學說及實務見解，並提出個人之淺見。 本文共分為七章，分別闡述題目所涉及之若干議題。第一章為「緒論」，說明研究之基本理念與架構。第二章為敵意併購之概說，首先本文先對敵意併購之意義作一界定與說明，其次介紹敵意併購之類型，包括所謂有害企業價值之相關敵意併購類型。再者說明敵意併購與防禦措施之關聯，董事會於敵意併購發生時，是否應具有中立之義務，亦或得基於保護全體股東之利益而積極採取防禦措施，值得加以說明。此外，本文將一一介紹常見防禦措施之內容，其類型包括預防性之防禦措施與臨時性之防禦措施，並分析此二類防禦措施區分之實益。 第三章為防禦措施之妥當性問題。敵意併購關於不同當事人間之利益狀態，包括經營者與股東間、收購者與目標公司股東間，以及目標公司股東與利害關係人間之利害狀態等，實影響法律對於防禦措施規範之立場，宜先予分析。其次，分別介紹英國、歐盟、美國、日本，以及我國法制上對防禦措施規範之處理態度。 最後，整理我國學者在立法論上之意見及提出本文之淺見。 第四章為防禦措施於我國法下之可行性。本文將一一分析，於第二章所介紹外國所常出現之防禦措施，於我國法制下適用之可行性，包括黃金股、多數表決權特別股、黃金降落傘、銀降落傘、錫降落傘、白馬侍從、期限利益或授權之喪失、改變公司資本結構、鯊魚驅逐、員工持股計畫、白馬騎士、小精靈防衛戰、支付綠色郵件之贖金、目標公司買回股份，以及阻止或延緩股東會之召開等防禦措施。此外，我國實務於經營權爭奪上常見之定暫時狀態假處分，其意義與法制規範之內容，本文亦作一介紹，並分析其適用於公司經營權爭奪之運作情況。 第五章為日本法上毒藥丸之適用。日本過去因其特殊之交叉持股結構，及股東對公司之忠誠度遠高於歐美之故，敵意併購之發展未如美國，然而近年來日本亦開始出現敵意併購，同時發展出日式毒藥丸之運用，實值得作為我國之參考。首先，本文介紹日本法上關於新股預約權之意義及其相關之規範。其次，日本近年來所發生之三件對抗敵意併購之案件，包括日本放送事件、ニレコ(NIRECO)事件以及ブルドックソース(BULL-DOG SAUCE)事件，本文亦將一一介紹其事實之經過，並分析日本法院之見解。 第六章為毒藥丸於我國防禦措施之適用。毒藥丸為防禦措施中，最為傳統且典型之防禦措施，毒藥丸於我國法下適用之可行性，值得詳加琢磨。首先本文介紹認股權所呈現之各種型態，包括員工認股權憑證、認股權憑證、附認股權特別股、附認股權公司債、可轉換公司債等，並說明其於我國法下之規範內容。其次再進一步分析此等認股權型態之內容於我國作為防禦措施之可行性。 第七章為本文之結論。本文試圖提出防禦措施之妥當規範所應有之適當程序與內容，並分析於我國法下之運用，以作為本文之結論。