Diploma work analyses the business systems in the Czech Republic and in the European Union with the view to small and medium-sized enterprises in broadcasting sector. There are proposals for execution of projects financed by grants, funds and programmes by EU and ČR policy at the close of the diploma work .

First chapter is defining main object and methods of elaboration. Second chapter is aimed at theoretical material, on which next following practical part have been worked out. This thirt part is split into three sections, one of them is small and medium company, another is support for small and medium companies and the last one is specification of entrepreneurial project. This part is devided into six segments, the first is introductory study, the second is marketing study, the third is financial study, the fourth is technical study, the fifth is human resources study and the last one is hypothese about success of this study. All these studies were used as a key material for last part entrepreneurial project for getting subvention from Ceskomoravska zarucni a rozvojova banka.

<p>Examen i vårdadministration, YH-utbildning: 20 Yh-poäng</p>

Den teknik som används i vart moderna samhalle utvecklas konstant och likaså kraven for att användargranssnitten är effektiva och användarupplevelsen god. Ett användargränssnitt bestämmer på vilket sätt en användare interagerar med ett system eller en mjukvara, och användarupplevelsen definierar hur användaren upplever denna interaktion. Dessa benämns även som User Interface (UI) och User Experience (UX). Studiens syfte var att analysera den existerande implementationen av ett systems anvandargränssnitt, för att sedan föreslå förbättringar inom dess UI och UX. Förbättringsförslagen baserades på existerande forskning kring interaktion mellan användare och datorbaserade verktyg. I studien har kvantitativa och kvalitativa metoder tillämpats för att besvara studiens två forskningsfrågor. Den första forskningsfrågan ”Vilka brister finns i den grafiska designen ur användarens perspektiv för den befintliga plattformen?” besvarades genom observationer och personliga intervjuer. Den andra forskningsfrågan ”Hur kan en förbättrad grafisk design se ut för den befintliga plattformen?” besvarades genom att ta fram en förbättrad utformning av den grafiska designen. Detta gjordes i form av en mockup som baserades på Normans design principer, Ware gestaltlagar och ISO-standard. Avgränsningen som gjordes var att analysera ett specifikt business support system och ett antal arbetsuppgifter som är vanliga inom kundtjanst. Resultatet från observationen visade att majoriteten av testanvändarna hade svårigheter med att utföra uppgiften som berörde framfor allt komponenten ”adress” inom den utsatta tidsramen. Detta var även nagot som påtalades av respondenterna under intervjuerna. En av orsakerna till svårigheterna kunde kopplas till utformningen av den grafiska designen för den specifika funktionen. Detta var en av de förbattringar som sedan gjordes i förslagen av en ny design som presenterades i analysen. Med grund i observationerna och intervjuerna har studien visat vikten av ett användarvanligt anvädargranssnitt och god användarupplevelse. Men även att det ar möjligt att tillämpa den existerande teorin på ett modernt systems grafiska design. / The technology used in our modern society is constantly evolving and so are the requirements for an efficient and user-friendly user interface and user experience. A user interface decides the way a user interacts with a system or software, and the user experience defines how the user experiences this interaction. These are also called User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX). The purpose of the study was to analyze the existing implementation of a system's user interface and suggest improvements within its UI and UX based on existing research on interaction between users and computer-based tools. In the study, quantitative and qualitative methods have been applied to answer the study's two research questions. The first research question "What are the shortcomings of the graphic design from the user's perspective for the existing platform?" was answered through observations and personal interviews. The second research question "How can an improved graphic design look like for the existing platform?" was answered by developing an improved implementation of the graphic design. This was done in the form of mockup’s based on Norman’s design principles, Ware gestalt laws and ISO-standard. The delimitation that was made was to analyze a specific business support system and several tasks that are common within customer services. The results from the observation demonstrated that most of the test users had especially difficult to perform the task which concerned the component “address” within the set time frame, and this was also something that was raised by the respondents during the interviews. One of the reasons for the difficulties could be linked to the graphic design for the specific function. This was one of the improvements that was later made in the new design proposal that was presented in the analysis. Based on the observations and interviews, the study has shown the importance of a user-friendly user interface and user experience, and that it is possible to apply the existing theory to a modern system's graphic design.

Entrepreneurial small businesses are significant to the U.S. economy, as they represent 99% of employer firms and employ 49% of the private sector. Nearly half of new businesses fail within the first 5 years of operation. While external factors beyond the control of business owners account for some failures, many occur because of managerial inadequacies. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of successful entrepreneurs to understand the qualities needed to create and sustain new small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) beyond 5 years. The sample consisted of 21 entrepreneurs from Northeastern Indiana who created and operated SMEs successfully for at least 5 years. The conceptual framework for this study was human capital theory and entrepreneurial leadership theory. The data were collected from semistructured interviews. Participants completed transcript reviews and member checking was conducted to enhance data credibility and trustworthiness. The phenomenological reduction method was used for data analysis and included bracketing, horizontalizing, clustering, integrating invariant statements, and synthesizing composites. The following themes emerged in addressing the guiding question: entrepreneurial intention recognized at a young age, creative problem-solving skills, business and support systems, entrepreneurial passion, opportunity recognition and seizure, and task and managerial delegation. The study findings can help inform best practices to help future entrepreneurs, and those who educate, train, and mentor them, create and operate successful new ventures.

Le but de cette thèse est de déterminer si les objectifs que se fixent les institutions demicrofinance (IMF) en France en matière de lutte contre la pauvreté et l’exclusion, et en matièrede soutien au micro-entrepreneuriat, se traduisent dans les faits. Il s’agit plus précisémentd’apprécier la performance sociale des IMF tant en termes de portée sociale qu’en termesd’impact. Nous montrons dans une première partie que le microcrédit extra-bancaire en France aclairement un impact social car octroyé principalement aux personnes les plus pauvres et à cellesles plus en risque d’exclusion. Sa capacité à servir durablement le plus grand nombre estcependant remise en cause compte tenu du fait qu’aucune institution étudiée ne répond à lacontrainte de pérennité qu’est l’autosuffisance financière. Le maintien des subventions dans cecontexte s’avère donc indispensable. Nous trouvons en outre une adaptation de l’offre auxbesoins de la clientèle et mettons en évidence l’existence d’une stratégie dichotomique dans lesecteur (sociale vs économique), ce qui entraine un traitement différencié de la clientèle suivantl’objectif poursuivi par l’IMF. Dans une seconde partie, nous trouvons que dans un contextemarqué par la persistance de la crise économique, le microcrédit démontre une certaine capacité àsoutenir la création d’entreprises et d’emplois de qualité. Cette capacité dépend cependant dutype de microcrédit dont il s’agit (entrepreneurial vs insertion sociale). L’accompagnement serévèle fort utile dans l’ensemble, mais nous montrons des différences de perception parmi lesbénéficiaires. Le microcrédit se révèle en outre avoir un fort impact psychologique mais sesretombées économiques sont de faible ampleur. Nous trouvons en effet une amélioration globalede la situation professionnelle des bénéficiaires, mais soulignons la précarité des emplois occupéset la faiblesse des revenus. Ceci suggère un contraste entre perception et réalité économique / This thesis aims at determining whether microfinance institutions (MFIs) in France succeed inovercoming poverty and exclusion and in supporting entrepreneurship. More precisely, we assessthe social performance of the MFIs both in terms of outreach and impact. We show in a firstsection that non-bank MFIs in France reach the poor and individuals at high-risk of exclusion,and their offer is adapted to their clientele. However, because none of these IMFs are viable,their capacity to durably serve the largest number is questioned. This underlines the need formaintaining subsidies. We also highlight the existence of two types of strategy within the sector(social vs economic), which leads to a differentiated treatment of customers according to theobjective pursued by the MFI. In a second section we show that in a time of persistent economiccrisis, microcredit demonstrates some ability to support business and job creation. However, thisability depends on the type of microcredit in question (micro-enterprises lenders vs socialinclusion lenders). Business support shows itself very useful on the whole, but we bring to theforeground differences in perception among the beneficiaries. Besides, microcredit proves tohave a strong psychological impact even when economic gains are low. There is an overallimprovement in the working position of beneficiaries, although gains are limited by theprecariousness of jobs and relative low incomes. This suggests a contrast between perception andeconomic reality.

Submitted by Luana Rodrigues (luana.rodrigues@fgv.br) on 2014-04-30T14:02:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BusinessSupportNetworks_docx.pdf: 905354 bytes, checksum: 27345e23381bea5c252176285a76d158 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luana Rodrigues (luana.rodrigues@fgv.br) on 2014-04-30T14:02:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BusinessSupportNetworks_docx.pdf: 905354 bytes, checksum: 27345e23381bea5c252176285a76d158 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-04-30T14:20:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BusinessSupportNetworks_docx.pdf: 905354 bytes, checksum: 27345e23381bea5c252176285a76d158 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-28 / Negócios sociais, empresas autossuficientes com objetivos principalmente sociais estão a surgir e a mudar o cenário económico mundial. No Brasil, o campo de Empreendedorismo Social promete ajudar a resolver os vários problemas sociais do país, mas tal promessa depende do desenvolvimento de um ecossistema de suporte. No entanto, a pesquisa desenvolvida no tópico ainda é limitada, especialmente quando considerando pesquisa em contextos macro como estruturas de suporte ao negócio. O presente estudo explora o ecossistema de suporte aos negócios sociais no Brasil, oferecendo uma análise qualitativa preliminar da eficácia da rede de suporte existente para os negócios sociais, de acordo com as perceções de empreendedores sociais e prestadores de suporte. O estudo é desenvolvido baseando-se no modelo conceptual de Turrini et al. (2010) sobre os determinantes de eficácia de redes a fim de facilitar a captura de padrões. Desta forma, cada variável de eficácia de redes é desenvolvida no contexto da presente investigação e as principais conclusões relativas ao ecossistema de suporte para negócios sociais no Brasil são destacadas. Os resultados sugerem um rápido crescimento da disponibilidade de suporte para negócios sociais, mas indicam que estes serviços ainda são em número limitado e concentrados no Sudeste do país. Adicionalmente, os serviços de suporte são percecionados pelos empreendedores sociais como serviços de alta qualidade e embora se observe um sentimento generalizado de que a colaboração entre organizações de suporte tem sido importante para a construção do campo, os resultados indicam que um maior nível de interação e formalização entre prestadores de suporte levaria a maiores níveis de criação de sinergias e potenciaria a construção do ecossistema. Por último, é observado um sentimento generalizado de que o crescente nível de recursos financeiros, consciência pública e apoio do governo ao campo impactarão positivamente o desenvolvimento do ecossistema.

The objective of the master´s thesis „Small business support in the Czech republic“ is to carry out analysis of current system of Small business based on a created scope of knowledge necessary for orientation in the respective topic, find deficiencies and suggest innovations. The first part is focused on history, on small and medium enterprise terms definition and the evolution of small business in the Czech Republic in the years 2000 - 2007. The second part is attended to analysis of particular support programs and pointed out on its benefits and disadvantages. In the following part was done the interview, which was intended to find out small and medium-sized entrepreneurs opinion on present situation in entrepreneurial subjects support system. I compared the results with interview investigation carried out in 2006. Final part contains suggestions and recommendations, which could lead to improvement in small entrepreneurs supporting in the Czech Republic.

Circular economy (CE) is seen as a strategy to achieve sustainable development, requiring commitment and support from multiple actors on all system levels; from companies and products to governments and nations. Circular business models (CBMs) are regarded as an important leverage to implement circularity at an organizational level, and business support is considered an important enabler of these. Communication between practitioners and policy-makers, as well as understanding the barriers of CE in the local context, can facilitate the development of efficient business support. This thesis has from a company perspective explored barriers to circular business model innovation (CBMI) and the impact of firm-specific business support activities on this innovation process. This was done through a multiple-case study of ten Swedish SMEs who had received direct business support for circularity, and thus had initiated a circular project. The study has identified seventeen different barriers across five categories, spanning over the entire innovation process from idea to full implementation. Overall, economic viability appears to be an important factor which relates to and depends on several other barriers, and the novelty of CE contributes to the occurrence of many identified challenges. While some barriers are more common across all ten cases, often challenges related to market demand, financing and knowledge, others are more specific for each case and circular strategy. Furthermore, this study has found that coaching, training, and funding are firm-specific activities that can help SMEs overcome mainly internal barriers in the early stages of the CBMI process, addressing several of the most common barriers identified in this study. This research has also included a company perspective on the costs and benefits of the activities, and pointed at important factors to consider in the development of future business support. / Cirkulär ekonomi ses som en strategi för att uppnå hållbar utveckling, och kräver engagemang och stöd från flertalet aktörer på samtliga systemnivåer; från företag och produkter till regeringar och nationer. Cirkulära affärsmodeller betraktas som en viktig hävstång för att implementera cirkularitet på en organisatorisk nivå, och företagsstöd anses vara en viktig möjliggörare av dessa. Kommunikation mellan utövare och beslutsfattare, samt förståelse för barriärer till cirkulär ekonomi i det lokala sammanhanget, kan underlätta utvecklandet av effektiva företagsstöd. Denna uppsats har ur ett företagsperspektiv utforskat barriärer till cirkulär affärsmodellsinnovation och den inverkan som företagsstöd har på denna innovationsprocess. Detta utfördes genom en fallstudie av tio svenska små och medelstora företag som mottagit stöd för cirkularitet, och som således initierat ett cirkulärt projekt. Studien har identifierat sjutton barriärer inom fem kategorier, vilka sträcker sig över hela innovationsprocessen från idé till full implementation. Generellt framträder ekonomisk livskraft som en viktig faktor, relaterad till samt beroende av flertalet andra barriärer, och nymodigheten i cirkulär ekonomi bidrar till förekommande av flera identifierade barriärer. Medan vissa barriärer är mer vanligt förekommande bland de tio fallen, ofta utmaningar relaterade till marknadens efterfrågan, finansiering och kunskap, är andra mer specifika för varje fall och cirkulär strategi. Vidare finner denna studie att rådgivning, träning och finansiering är företagsspecifika aktiviteter som kan hjälpa små och medelstora företag att överkomma huvudsakligen interna barriärer i de tidiga faserna av cirkulär affärsmodellsinnovation, och som bemöter flertalet av de vanligaste barriärerna som har identifierats i denna studie. Denna studie har även inkluderat ett företagsperspektiv på aktiviteternas nytta och kostnader, samt belyst viktiga faktorer att ta hänsyn till i utvecklingen av framtida företagsstöd.