The subject of the thesis is an process analysis in the company AiP Safe, Ltd. First, theoretical approaches and methods for organization and business process analysis are summarized. The best known modeling notations are also described. For the analysis of AiP Safe, Ltd. was chosen BSP method and for process modeling was chosen BPMN notation. The result of the work is a suggestion to establish strategic goals and strategies to achieve them, change in the organizational structure, optimization of selected processes, introduction of new metrics, introduction of new information system and recommendations based on the SWOT analysis.

In order to stay competitive and to create value to their clients, manufacturing companies are engaging in a process called servitization, which consists in transforming their existing physical product offerings into integrated bundles of products and services, called Product-Service Systems (PSS). Servitization compels manufacturing companies to change their business models. One of the main challenges of servitization is to redesign the business processes dimension of their business model in order to operate middle of life (MOL) and end of life (EOL) phases of PSS. Despite the existence of decades-long successful PSS cases, operational difficulties are still reported. This is associated to gaps in existing PSS business model design methodologies, which are focused on the development of new PSS and lack the required level of details for servitization. The goal of this study is to propose a method to support manufacturing companies during the servitization process in developing a PSS Business Process Architecture (PSS BPA), which is the basis for redesigning their business processes. The method was developed with the support of the Design Research Methodology (DRM), which comprises four research stages. In the first and second stages, a literature review was conducted to generate theoretical requirements for guiding the proposition of the PSS BPA Development Method. Action research approach was applied in the third stage to propose the PSS BPA Development Method empirically. Action research was carried in a large multinational manufacturing company from the healthcare sector, which intended to transform a diagnostic imaging product into a use-oriented PSS. In the last stage, the method received a preliminary assessment with the intent of being prepared for further applications in case studies. The results indicate that the PSS BPA Development Method has a potential for supporting companies in defining their PSS BPA. Other key contributions of the research were the proposition of a business process reference model for PSS based on the Process Classification Framework (PCF), and insights and findings obtained with the real case of servitization. / Para se manterem competitivas e criarem valor para seus clientes, empresas de manufatura estão passando pelo processo da servitização, que é a transformação de suas ofertas baseadas em produtos físicos em soluções integradas de produtos e serviços, chamadas Sistemas Produto-Serviço (PSS). A servitização requer transformações nos modelos de negócio das empresas. Um dos principais desafios da servitização é redesenhar a dimensão de processos de negócio do modelo de negócios da empresa de maneira a operar as fases de meio de vida e final de vida de um PSS. Apesar de existirem casos de sucesso de PSS implementados há décadas, dificuldades operacionais ainda são citadas. Isto está associado com lacunas nas metodologias para desenvolvimento de modelos de negócio de PSS, as quais são focadas no desenvolvimento de novos PSS e carecem do nível de detalhes necessário para servitização. O objetivo desta pesquisa é propor um método para apoiar as empresas de manufatura no desenvolvimento da Arquitetura de Processos de Negócio do PSS durante a servitização, o que é base para o redesenho de processos destas organizações. Este método foi desenvolvido com o apoio da Metodologia de Pesquisa em Design, que contém quatro estágios. No primeiro e segundo estágios, uma revisão da literatura foi realizada para determinar os requisitos teóricos que guiaram a proposição do método. No terceiro estágio, a pesquisa ação foi utilizada para propor empiricamente o método. A pesquisa ação foi realizada em uma empresa multinacional do setor de saúde, que pretendia transformar um equipamento de diagnóstico por imagens em PSS orientado ao uso. No estágio final, o método passou por uma avaliação preliminar a fim de ser preparado para estudos de caso. Os resultados indicam que o método proposto tem potencial para apoiar as empresas na definição de arquiteturas de processos para PSS. Outras contribuições foram a proposição de um modelo de referência de processos para PSS baseado no Framework de Classificação de Processo e descobertas do caso real de servitização.

No cenário atual, nota-se a constante busca das organizações para que se mantenham competitivas no mercado. Para apoiar a organização, tanto no nível operacional quanto no nível não operacional, a Tecnologia da Informação (TI) é usada. Com intuito de apoiar as estratégias, as organizações usam a Gestão de Processos de Negócio (BPM Business Process Management) para identificar, definir e evoluir seus processos de negócio. Usando estes recursos, o framework Strategic Alignment with BPM (StrAli-BPM) foi desenvolvido para contribuir na melhoria do alinhamento entre os níveis estratégicos e operacionais da organização, por meio do tratamento dos requisitos não funcionais nos processos de negócio. Este projeto de pesquisa propõe estender o framework StrAli-BPM com a criação de um novo componente para fazer a extração de informações de metas estratégicas organizacionais a serem usadas na modelagem de requisitos não funcionais de processos de negócio. Para auxiliar na melhoria do alinhamento estratégico, a versão antiga do framework StrAli-BPM usa os Acordos em Nível de Negócio (BLA Business Level Agreement) para tratar os requisitos não funcionais. Além de tratar os requisitos não funcionais por meio de BLAs, a versão antiga do framework StrAli-BPM define que o BLA deve dar origem aos Acordos em Nível de Serviço (SLA Service Level Agreement), ou seja, os SLAs devem ser derivados dos BLAs. No entanto, esta versão antiga não define quais informações das metas estratégicas organizacionais devem ser usadas para compor BLAs. O novo componente proposto neste projeto de pesquisa, chamado Indicador Chave de Desempenho para Acordo em Nível de Negócio (KPI2BLA Key Performance Indicator to Business Level Agreements), se propõe a identificar quais informações relevantes das metas estratégicas organizacionais devem ser usadas na criação dos requisitos não funcionais, que, posteriormente, devem servir para criação de BLAs / In the present scenario, there is the constant search for organizations to remain competitive in the market. And to support the organization, both at the operational level and in the non-operational level, the Information Technology (IT) is used. In order to support the strategies organizations use the Business Process Management (BPM) to identify, define and evolve their business processes. Using these features, the framework Strategic Alignment with BPM (StrAli-BPM) is designed to contribute to improving the strategic alignment between the strategic and operational levels of the organization, through the treatment of non-functional requirements in the business process. This research project proposes to extend the StrAli-BPM framework with the creation of a new component to the extraction of organizational strategic goals information to be used in the modeling of non-functional requirements of business processes. To assist in improving the strategic alignment, the old version of StrAli-BPM framework uses the Agreements in Business Level (BLA) to treat the non-functional requirements. In addition to treating non-functional requirements through BLAs, the old version of StrAli-BPM framework defines the BLA should lead to agreements on service level (SLA), its mean, the SLAs should be derived from BLAs. However, this old version does not define what information the organizational strategic goals should be used to compose BLAs. The new component proposed in this research project, called Key Performance Indicator to Agreement on Business Level (KPI2BLA) aims to identify relevant information from organizational strategic goals should be used in the creation of requirements nonfunctional, which later must be used to create BLAs

In this thesis, a static analysis approach is introduced in order to develop correct business processes according to the Web Service Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL) specification. The modeling of the business processes are conducted with Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) which is a popular orchestrator of Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) based system through the description of workflow. This approach is also integrated to the Service Oriented Software Engineering (SOSE) design technique. The integration of this approach aims the development of complex business processes more robust and implementation of them more accurate and low error prone. Moreover, this approach will also decrease the development cost of the system and rework in the implementation phase. The implementation of the approach is also conducted and it is integrated to the existing service oriented architecture based tool named Service Oriented Software Engineering Tool (SOSECASE). This integration forwards the SOSECASE a step forward to an all-in-one service oriented architecure software development tool.

Over the past decade, the ubiquity of business processes and their need for ongoing management in the same manner as other corporate assets has been recognized through the establishment of a dedicated research area: Business Process Management (or BPM). There are a wide range of potential software technologies on which a BPM o®ering can be founded. Although there is signi¯cant variation between these alternatives, they all share one common factor { their execution occurs on the basis of a business process model { and consequently, this ¯eld of technologies can be termed Process-Aware Information Systems (or PAIS). This thesis develops a conceptual foundation for PAIS based on the results of a detailed examination of contemporary o®erings including work°ow and case han- dling systems, business process modelling languages and web service composition languages. This foundation is based on 126 patterns that identify recurrent core constructs in the control-°ow, data and resource perspectives of PAIS. These patterns have been used to evaluate some of the leading systems and business process modelling languages. It also proposes a generic graphical language for de¯ning exception handling strategies that span these perspectives. On the basis of these insights, a comprehensive reference language { newYAWL { is developed for business process modelling and enactment. This language is formally de¯ned and an abstract syntax and operational semantics are provided for it. An assessment of its capabilities is provided through a comprehensive patterns-based analysis which allows direct comparison of its functionality with other PAIS. newYAWL serves as a reference language and many of the ideas embodied within it are also applicable to existing languages and systems. The ultimate goal of both the patterns and newYAWL is to improve the support and applicability of PAIS.

Para permitir um efetivo gerenciamento de processos de negócio, o primeiro passo é o desenvolvimento de modelos de processo adequados aos objetivos das organizações. Tais modelos são utilizados para descreverem papéis e responsabilidades dos colaboradores nas organizações. Além disso, a modelagem de processos é de grande importância para documentar, entender e automatizar processos. As organizações, geralmente provêm documentos não estruturados e de difícil entendimento por parte dos analistas. Neste panorama, a modelagem de processos se torna demorada e de alto custo, podendo gerar modelos de processo que estão em desacordo com a realidade prevista pelas organizações. A extração de modelos ou fragmentos de processo a partir de descrições textuais pode contribuir para minimizar o esforço necessário à modelagem de processos. Neste contexto, esta dissertação propõe uma abordagem para identificar elementos de processo de negócio em texto em linguagem natural de forma semiautomática. Baseado no estudo de processamento de linguagem natural, foi definido um conjunto de regras de mapeamento para identificar elementos de processo em descrição textual Além disso, para avaliar as regras de mapeamento e viabilizar a abordagem proposta, foi desenvolvido um protótipo capaz de identificar elementos de processo em texto de forma semiautomática. Para medir o desempenho do protótipo proposto, foram utilizadas métricas de recuperação de informação, tais como precisão, revocação e medida-F. Além disso, foram aplicados dois questionários com o objetivo de verificar a aceitação perante os usuários. As avaliações apresentam resultados promissores. A análise de 70 textos, apresentou, em média, 73,61% de precisão, 70,15% de revocação e 71,82% de medida-F. Além disso, os resultados do primeiro e segundo questionários apresentaram, em média, 91,66% de aceitação dos participantes. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é propor regras de mapeamento para identificar elementos de processo em texto em linguagem natural para auxiliar e minimizar o tempo necessário à modelagem de processos realizada pelos analistas de processo. / To enable effective business process management, the first step is the design of appropriate process models to the organization’s objectives. These models are used to describe roles and responsibilities of the employees in an organizations. In addition, business process modeling is very important to report, understand and automate processes. However, the documentation existent in organizations about such processes is mostly unstructured and difficult to be understood by analysts. In this context, process modeling becomes highly time consuming and expensive, generating process models that do not comply with the reality of the organizations. The extracting of process models from textual descriptions may contribute to minimize the effort required in process modeling. In this context, this dissertation proposes a semi-automatic approach to identify process elements in natural language text. Based on the study of natural language processing, it was defined a set of mapping rules to identify process elements in text. In addition, in order to evaluate the mapping rules and to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, a prototype was developed able to identify process elements in text in a semiautomatic way To measure the performance of the proposed prototype metrics were used to retrieve information such as precision, recall, and F-measure. In addition, two surveys were developed with the purpose of verifying the acceptance of the users. The evaluations present promising results. The analyses of 70 texts presented, on average, 73.61% precision, 70.15% recall and 71.82% F-measure. In addition, the results of the first and second surveys presented on average 91.66% acceptance of the participants. The main contribution of this work is to provide mapping rules for identify process elements in natural language text to support and minimize the time required for process modeling performed by process analysts.

I en komplex informationsteknologisk värld behöver företag och organisationer flexibla affärssystem som följer den tekniska utvecklingen. Av denna anledning har kommersiella BPMS-verktyg (Business Process Management System) blivit populära på grund av sin höga förmåga att snabbt integreras med affärssystemen i nya arbetsmiljöer. Ett alternativ till kommersiella BPMS-verktyg är de OSS-baserade (Open Source Software) BPMS-verktygen med öppen källkod som är tillgänglig för allmänheten att vidareutveckla.  På grund av att de OSS-baserade BPMS-verktygen ofta är unga på marknaden och behöver vidareutvecklas blev syftet med denna uppsats att genomföra en granskning av de open source-baserade BPMS-verktygen vad gäller deras skilda egenskaper. En sådan granskning ökar förståelsen för hur verktygen fungerar och underlättar därför vidareutvecklingen av dem. Genom att utgå från en etablerad analysmodell av Delgado et al. (2015) genomfördes en tematisk innehållsanalys för att jämföra egenskaperna i dessa verktyg. Närmare bestämt analyserades insamlade dokument som beskriver BPMS-verktygens egenskaper. Den vägen jämfördes 6 olika BPMS-verktyg utifrån 13 egenskaper. Analysresultatet visade att Bonitasoft, jBPM och JMPM5 var de mest välutvecklade BPMS-verktygen som gav stöd för flest egenskaper. Resultatet visade även att verktyg med färre egenskaper ändå kunde vara ett bra alternativ för vissa företag, beroende på vilka egenskaper och funktionaliteter som prioriteras inom företaget. / In a world of developing complex information technologies, companies and organizations need flexible and updated business systems that and match these technological developments. For this reason, commercial BPMS (Business Process Management System) tools have become popular because of their high ability to quickly integrate with business systems in new work environments. An alternative to commercial BPMS tools are the OSS-based (Open Source Software) open source BPMS tools that are available for the public to develop. Since the OSS-based BPMS tools are often new on the market and need further development, the purpose of this paper was to conduct an analysis of open source-based BPMS tools with respect to their various features. Such an analysis increases the understanding of the tools’ functionality and therefore facilitates further development of them. Based on an established analysis model by Delgado et al. (2015), a thematic option for some companies, depending on the characteristics and functionalities that are prioritized within the company. Content analysis was conducted to compare the characteristics of these tools. More specifically, collected documents were analyzed describing the properties of BPMS tools. That way, 6 different BPMS tools were compared based on 13 properties. The analysis showed that Bonitasoft, jBPM and JBPM5 were the most well-developed BPMS tools that supported most of the features. In addition, the analysis demonstrated that tools with fewer features could still be a good option for some companies, depending on the characteristics and functionalities that are prioritized within the company.

Para permitir um efetivo gerenciamento de processos de negócio, o primeiro passo é o desenvolvimento de modelos de processo adequados aos objetivos das organizações. Tais modelos são utilizados para descreverem papéis e responsabilidades dos colaboradores nas organizações. Além disso, a modelagem de processos é de grande importância para documentar, entender e automatizar processos. As organizações, geralmente provêm documentos não estruturados e de difícil entendimento por parte dos analistas. Neste panorama, a modelagem de processos se torna demorada e de alto custo, podendo gerar modelos de processo que estão em desacordo com a realidade prevista pelas organizações. A extração de modelos ou fragmentos de processo a partir de descrições textuais pode contribuir para minimizar o esforço necessário à modelagem de processos. Neste contexto, esta dissertação propõe uma abordagem para identificar elementos de processo de negócio em texto em linguagem natural de forma semiautomática. Baseado no estudo de processamento de linguagem natural, foi definido um conjunto de regras de mapeamento para identificar elementos de processo em descrição textual Além disso, para avaliar as regras de mapeamento e viabilizar a abordagem proposta, foi desenvolvido um protótipo capaz de identificar elementos de processo em texto de forma semiautomática. Para medir o desempenho do protótipo proposto, foram utilizadas métricas de recuperação de informação, tais como precisão, revocação e medida-F. Além disso, foram aplicados dois questionários com o objetivo de verificar a aceitação perante os usuários. As avaliações apresentam resultados promissores. A análise de 70 textos, apresentou, em média, 73,61% de precisão, 70,15% de revocação e 71,82% de medida-F. Além disso, os resultados do primeiro e segundo questionários apresentaram, em média, 91,66% de aceitação dos participantes. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é propor regras de mapeamento para identificar elementos de processo em texto em linguagem natural para auxiliar e minimizar o tempo necessário à modelagem de processos realizada pelos analistas de processo. / To enable effective business process management, the first step is the design of appropriate process models to the organization’s objectives. These models are used to describe roles and responsibilities of the employees in an organizations. In addition, business process modeling is very important to report, understand and automate processes. However, the documentation existent in organizations about such processes is mostly unstructured and difficult to be understood by analysts. In this context, process modeling becomes highly time consuming and expensive, generating process models that do not comply with the reality of the organizations. The extracting of process models from textual descriptions may contribute to minimize the effort required in process modeling. In this context, this dissertation proposes a semi-automatic approach to identify process elements in natural language text. Based on the study of natural language processing, it was defined a set of mapping rules to identify process elements in text. In addition, in order to evaluate the mapping rules and to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, a prototype was developed able to identify process elements in text in a semiautomatic way To measure the performance of the proposed prototype metrics were used to retrieve information such as precision, recall, and F-measure. In addition, two surveys were developed with the purpose of verifying the acceptance of the users. The evaluations present promising results. The analyses of 70 texts presented, on average, 73.61% precision, 70.15% recall and 71.82% F-measure. In addition, the results of the first and second surveys presented on average 91.66% acceptance of the participants. The main contribution of this work is to provide mapping rules for identify process elements in natural language text to support and minimize the time required for process modeling performed by process analysts.

Business process models are an important source of information for the development of information systems. However, changes in the environment can a ect the way business processes are performed. In order to obtain models that re ect the changes it is necessary to continuously check between model and reality. Good business processes need to be up-to-date and automated to represent the organizational environment. Thus, it is of paramount importance to represent adequately variability in Business Process Models. Representing and con guring business processes variability for a speci c organization allows the proper execution of processes. In addition, dynamic environment calls for exible con guration processes that can meet stakeholders' goals. However, selecting a con guration for business process is a challenging activity. Even though current approaches allow the representation of variability of business process models, the selection of business variants in a given context remains a challenging issue. In this proposal, we advocate the use of Non-Functional Requirements (NFR) and context-awareness information to drive the con guration of process models at run-time. We propose a model-driven business process con- guration approach called Business process Variability Con guration with Contexts and NFRs (BVCCoN), approach that keeps the variability representation, con guration knowledge and contextual information separated from the business process models. We illustrate the BVCCoN model and process through examples. The evaluation of our proposal is based on a simulation assessment. / Submitted by João Arthur Martins (joao.arthur@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-12T18:46:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese Emanuel Santos.pdf: 4118681 bytes, checksum: f565640ea4362fd5c2f2c8f9197b9e47 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-12T18:46:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese Emanuel Santos.pdf: 4118681 bytes, checksum: f565640ea4362fd5c2f2c8f9197b9e47 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-10 / Modelos de processos de neg ocios s~ao uma importante fonte de informa c~ao para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de informa c~ao. No entanto, as mudan cas no ambiente podem afetar a forma como os processos de neg ocios s~ao realizados. A m de obter modelos que re etem as mudan cas e necess ario o alinhamento entre o modelo e a realidade. Processos de neg ocios bons precisam ser atualizados e automatizados para representar o ambiente organizacional. Assim, e de suma import^ancia representar adequadamente a variabilidade em Modelos de Processo de Neg ocio. Representar e con gurar a variabilidade em processos de neg ocio de uma organiza c~ao espec ca permite a execu c~ao adequada dos processos. Al em disso, o ambiente din^amico exige processos de con gura c~ao ex veis que possam atender os objetivos das partes interessadas. No entanto, selecionando uma con gura c~ao para o processo de neg ocio e uma atividade desa adora. Mesmo que as abordagens atuais permitam a representa c~ao da variabilidade dos modelos de processos de neg ocios, a sele c~ao de variantes de neg ocios em um determinado contexto continua a ser uma quest~ao a ser explorada. Nesta proposta, defendemos o uso de Requisitos N~ao Funcionais (RNF) e informa c~oes de contexto para conduzir a con gura c~ao de modelos de processos em tempo de execu c~ao. Propomos uma abordagem orientada a modelos para a con gura c~ao de processos de neg ocios chamada BVCCoN, a abordagem mant em a representa c~ao variabilidade, conhecimentos de con gura c~ao e informa c~ao contextual separados dos modelos de processos de neg ocios. A avalia c~ao da proposta baseia-se numa an alise de simula c~ao, assim como uma compara c~ao com algumas outras obras relevantes.

I dagens konkurrensutsatta marknad är det en nödvändighet för organisationer att kontinuerligt effektivisera sina affärsprocesser med avgörande betydelse för tillväxt. Eftersom dessa processer är essentiella byggstenar för en organisations framgång har systemstöd avseende processmanagement blivit en viktig faktor i strävan efter att uppfylla organisationens mål och förbättra sin konkurrenskraft. Med detta i åtanke är det intressant att studera i vilken grad workflowsystem kan bidra till att förbättra organisationers affärsprocesser. Mot bakgrund av dessa snabbskiftande marknadsförutsättningar kommer studien behandla processrelaterade systemstöd med syftet att undersöka situationen för samtidens workflowbaserade optimeringar och utröna framtida visioner gällande automatisk processmanagement. Undersökningen har utförts genom en kvalitativ kund- och marknadsanalys avseende IT-företaget Medius AB där intervjuer, deltagande observationer och dokumentstudier legat till grund för en abduktiv analys. Företaget är en leverantör av processrelaterat IT-stöd och den övergripande affärsidén är att med hjälp av system förenkla och automatisera organisationers skilda processer. Studien visar bland annat att leverantörserbjudanden och definitioner gällande processmanagement skiljer sig åt globalt och nationellt och att det i dagens konkurrensutsatta marknad är svårt att motivera processer utöver sådana som genererar en direkt organisationsnytta. Vidare framkommer trender inom processmanagementområdet, bland annat Case Management, Business Process Management och outsourcing av organisationsprocesser. Studien visar också att den framtida workflowmarknaden förutspås innehålla produkter som stödjer hela organisationer involverandes partner, leverantörer och kunder och inte endast interna processer. / In today's competitive market it is a necessity for organizations to continuously improve their business processes which are critical to growth. Since these processes are essential for organizational success it has become important to support them via information systems in order to meet organizational goals and to improve competitiveness. Thus it is interesting to study to what extent workflow systems can help improve organizations' business processes. In light of these rapidly changing market conditions, this study will examine process-related system support with the aim to investigate the situation of today's workflow-based optimizations, and explore future visions regarding automatic process management. The study was conducted through a qualitative customer and market analysis for the IT company Medius AB, where interviews, participant observations and document studies formed the basis of an abductive analysis. The company is a supplier of process-related IT support and its overall business concept is to offer systems to simplify and automate organizations' separate processes. The result of this study shows, for example, that the definitions and offerings from the vendors differ globally and nationally, and that it is difficult in today's competitive market to justify processes other than those that generate direct organizational benefits. Furthermore, different trends in the field of business process management have been identified, a few examples being Case Management, Business Process Management and outsourcing of organizational processes. The study also shows that the future workflow market is predicted to contain products that support the entire organization and not only specific processes, including partners, suppliers and customers.