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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

Matematický model teplárenské sítě / Mathematical modeling of district heating net

Pařízková, Iva January 2016 (has links)
This thesis is focused on creating an iterative model for thermal and hydraulic calculation of heating net in Visual Basic of Application. Flowing medium considered is hot water. Although data for heating network in Brno are recorded in this model, its use for any other heating network is possible. This model allows also calculation of minimal temperature of the source and calculation of heat loss of every consumer. This is very useful when considering, if supplying some of the consumers with the heat from a local source would not be more effective. The second part of this text is aimed to evaluation of different ways how to reduce the heat loss in heat network for source Červený mlýn. Both current situation and possibilities for the future are considered.
142

Multi-energy well kinetic modeling of novel PAH formation pathways in flames

Giramondi, Nicola January 2016 (has links)
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are harmful by-products formed during combustion of hydrocarbons under locally fuel-rich conditions followed by incomplete combustion. PAHs act as precursors during the formation of soot. PAHs and soot are harmful for human health and legislation limits the emission of unburned hydrocarbons and soot. Consequently, other measures are necessary in order to limit the production of PAHs and soot in internal combustion engines applications, entailing a possible decrease of fuel efficiency and higher technical requirements for automotive manufactures. The combustion chemistry of PAHs is not fully understood, which prompts the need of further investigations. The chemical dynamics shown by novel pathways of PAH formation involving vinylacetylene addition to the phenyl radical opens up new horizons for the potential contribution to PAH formation through this class of reactions. In the present work novel pathways of the formation of naphthalene and phenanthrene are investigated for a laminar premixed benzene flame and a laminar ethylene diffusion flame. The purpose is to improve the prediction of the aromatic species concentration in the flames. A pathway chosen due the high potential aromatic yield is assessed through preliminary flame calculations relying on simplifying assumptions concerning reaction rates. Certain isomerisation steps of the pathway occur within a time-scale characteristic of thermal relaxation processes. Therefore, the solution of the energy grained master equation is necessary in order to calculate the phenomenological reaction rates resulting from a non-equilibrium kinetic modeling. Quantum chemical calculations are performed in order to calculate molecular properties of the species involved. These properties are subsequently processed to determine the rate constants of the sequence of multi-energy well reactions. Moreover, the chemical dynamics of the pathway is analyzed and the effect of temperature and pressure on the kinetic parameters is investigated. Despite of the potential yield demonstrated through the preliminary flame calculations, the computed rate constants show that the studied reactions are insignificant for the formation of naphthalene and phenanthrene in the studied flames. An effort is put on evaluating if the non-equilibrium kinetic modeling adopted for the calculation of the kinetic parameters is consistent with the kinetic modeling used in the flame calculations. The current work provides an efficient method to compute rate constants of multi-energy well reactions at different thermodynamic conditions, characteristic of flames and of combustion in commercial devices or in internal combustion engines. Pathways with a slightly different chemical dynamics should be tested applying the current methodology. Moreover, further studies should be aimed at overcoming possible limits of the kinetic modeling of multi-energy well reactions occurring in combustion environments.
143

Skillnader mellan kalkylerade och verkliga byggkostnader : Analys av orsaker till avvikelser i produktionskalkyler / Difference between calculated and actual cost : Analysis of the causes of deviations in the production calculations

Blomqvist, Johan, Grönnå, Camilla January 2012 (has links)
Detta examensarbete är det avslutande momentet för programmet ”Byggteknik och Design” på ”Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan” i Haninge. Arbetet utfördes för byggföretaget Einar Mattsson Byggnads AB. Uppgiften var att ta reda på varför kalkylerade och verkliga kostnader för nybyggnadsprojekt skiljer sig. Studien baserades på produktionskalkylerna för fyra projekt och ntervjuer med minst en inblandad från varje projekt.   De fyra poster som påvisade de största negativa avvikelserna i produktionskalkylerna för respektive projekt identifierades och orsaker till att dessa projektspecifika poster avvek utreddes. Utöver detta jämfördes, mellan projekten, vanligt förekommande poster med negativa differenser. Orsakerna till avvikelserna för dessa gemensamt avvikande poster utreddes även.  Det slags fel som låg till grund för största delen av avvikelserna på de projektspecifika posterna var kalkyleringsfel. Undersökningen visar även att många enhetstider generellt är mer eller mindre felaktiga för företaget och att erfarenhetsåterföring därför är viktigt. Därför rekommenderas företaget t.ex. att lägga mer fokus på erfarenhetsåterföringen. / This thesis is the final moment for the program “Byggteknik och Design” on ”Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan” in Haninge. The work was done for the construction company “Einar Mattsson Byggnads AB”. The task is to find out why the calculated and actual costs for building projects differ. The study is based on production estimates of four projects and interviews with at least one involved from each project.  The four entries that showed the largest negative deviations in the production estimates for each project were identified and the reasons why these project specific entries differed were investigated. In addition comparisons were made, among the given projects, of common entries with negative differences. The reasons for the deviations of these common deviating entries were investigated as well.  The kind of error that was the basis for most of the deviations in the project specific entries were errors in calculus. The survey also shows that the calculated times that are invested per unit of element are generally wrong for the company and that therefore feedback of experience is important. The company is therefore recommended, for instance, to put more focus on feedback of experience.
144

Fatigue Life Calculation of Overhead Sign Structure Due to Thermal Loading

K C, Lucky January 2019 (has links)
No description available.
145

Införande av BK4 : Bärighetsberäkning av balkbro med lång spännvidd / Introducing BK4 : Capacity calculation of a beam bridge with long spans

Solevind, Alexander, Solevind, Linn January 2017 (has links)
Regeringen har på förslag att införa en ny bärighetsklass för det svenska vägnätet. Den föreslagna bärighetsklassen får beteckningen BK4 och innebär att maximal bruttovikt för lastbilar ökas från nuvarande 64 ton till 74 ton. Målet för arbetet var att utröna påverkan på beräkningar och resultat för broar av denna ökning, med hänsyn till befintliga broars bärförmåga – specifikt med avseende på broar vars spann är långa nog att rymma minst ett helt lastbilsekipage. I samband med höjningen av maximal bruttovikt kommer fordonsutseendet för lastbilar att förändras. En bärighetsberäkning utfördes för balkbron 15-910-2, som har spann på 25-28 m. Beräkningen utfördes i enlighet med svenskt regelverk för bärighetsberäkning, TDOK 2013:0267, och med hjälp av FE-analys i programmet Brigade/Standard. I arbetet har specifik FEM-teori använts för att bestämma var kritiska snitt uppstår i FE-modellen och i vissa fall har justering av utdata gjorts med hjälp av lastfördelningsbredder. Rapporten är tänkt att kunna användas som en mall för hur en bärighetsberäkning kan utföras. Mallen för bärighetsberäkningen kan användas som stöd för beräkningar för andra broar där framförallt tankesätt och beräkningsgång kommer att vara liknande. På grund av förändringen av fordonsutseende i samband med bruttoviktshöjningen har en FEanalys utförts för att kontrollera skillnader på lastpåverkan mellan dagens fordonsutseende för BK1 och exempel på framtida utseende för BK4. Jämförelsen visar att påverkan kan variera något mellan olika fordonskonfigurationer men konsekvent ökar avsevärt då bruttovikten höjs. Resultatet av bärighetsberäkningen gav en klassning A/B = 176/284 kN för bro 15-910-2, vilket ligger över kravet för införandet utav BK4 med gränsvärden på A/B = 120/210 kN. Skillnaden i resultat för BK1 och BK4 visar på att beräkningar och resultat för en lång balkbro i brottsgränstillstånd inte påverkas avsevärt av höjningen av maxvikten för lastbilar. Innebörden av detta bör då vara att en bro som är klassad för BK1 enligt TDOK 2013:0267 med en klassning som är högre än kravet för BK4 kan uppgraderas utan ytterligare kontroll. Dock bör ytterligare studier utföras för fler broar av samma typ för att kunna styrka detta samband. I samband med att bärighetsberäkningen utförs tas ett så kallat k-värde fram, som sedan används för att proportionera upp, eller ned, A/B-värdena från de gränsvärden som gäller för given bärighetsklass. Då bärighetsberäkning utfördes för BK1 och BK4 gav resulterande bärförmåga för bron endast en två-procentig skillnad, men k-värdet blir betydligt mindre för BK4 jämfört med BK1. Ett lägre k-värde innebär en högre utnyttjandegrad och därmed snabbare utmattning och högre slitage på bron. Effekten av dessa skillnader bör undersökas i ett senare arbete. / The Swedish government has proposed a new load carrying capacity class for the Swedish road network. The proposed capacity class is labeled BK4 and will increase the maximum weight for road vehicles from the current 64 t to 74 t. The goal for this thesis was to investigate the impact of this increase on the capacity calculations and results for bridges, regarding existing bridges’ load carrying capacity – specifically with respect to beam bridges with spans long enough to contain an entire truck. Coincidental to the increase of maximum weight the vehicle configuration of trucks will change. A capacity calculation was performed on the beam bridge 15-910-2, with span lengths of 25-28 m. The calculation was performed according to Swedish regulations for capacity calculation and with an FE-analysis in the software Brigade/Standard. In this thesis, specific FEM theory has been used to determine where critical sections occur in the FE-model and in some cases output adjustments have been made using load distribution widths. This report is meant to be able to be used as a template for how a capacity calculation can be performed. The capacity calculation template can be used as calculation support and process description for the calculation of other bridges. Due to the change in vehicle appearance in the context of the gross weight increase, a FE-analysis has been conducted to measure the differences in impact on the structure between today’s vehicle appearance for BK1 and the examples of future appearance for BK4. The comparison shows that the impact can vary slightly between different vehicle configurations but the impact consistently increases significantly with the increase in gross weight. The result of the capacity calculation gave a classification rating of A/B = 176/284 kN for bridge 15-910-2, which is above the requirement for the introduction of BK4 which has a required rating of A/B = 120/210 kN. The marginal result difference between BK1 and BK4 shows a plausibility that the calculations and results for long beam bridges in the ultimate limit state are unaffected by the increase of maximum weight for road vehicles. Thus the implication of this should be that a bridge with a BK1 load carrying capacity classification score that is higher than the demanded score according to BK4 can be upgraded without further control, if the prior capacity classification calculation was done according to TDOK 2013:0267. However further studies should be carried out for other beam bridges in order to increase this plausibility. When performing the load calculation, a so-called k-value is generated, which is then used to proportionate the A/B limit values for the given capacity class to reach a final classification rating. When capacity calculation was performed using input values for BK1 and BK4 respectively, the resulting load carrying capacity showed a two percent difference between BK1 and BK4, but the kvalue for the BK4 class was significantly lower than for BK1. A lower k-value means a higher utilization rate and hence faster fatigue and higher wear on the bridge. The effect of these differences should be investigated further in later studies.
146

Studie kalkulačního systému v inženýrské organizaci / The Study of Calculation System in Engineering Organization

Műller, Tomáš January 2009 (has links)
The goal of the submitted thesis is to analyse and improve current costing methods in a chosen engineering company. The theoretical part is devoted to definition of notions – cost types, segmentation of cost and then contains summary of costing technique and costing method. The theoretical analyse is centered on questions about costing in engineering company. The practical part describes company, his organization structure, processes and his productions. Further in the practical part is created analyse of current way costing of order and innovation suggestion. In the conclusion is cognisance evaluation from analyse of costing method and recommendation for the company.
147

Výpočty jeřábových lan / Calculation of crane ropes

Fiala, Lukáš January 2019 (has links)
This master thesis deals with calculation of steel wire ropes for cranes. Concretely is acted about calculation of wire ropes overhead crane manufactured by KRÁLOVOPOLSKÁ a.s. designed for load capacities up to 25 000 kg, which is situated at hall of steelworks. Further, the calculation of wire ropes different overhead crane was made to compare the results. The solution includes calculation made using valid standards ČSN 27 0100, DIN 15020-1, FEM 1.001 and ČSN EN 13001-3-2. Finally, the procedures are evaluated and compared with each other.
148

Parní kondenzační turbína / Steam condensing turbine

Štěpánová, Lenka January 2017 (has links)
The aim of this Master’s thesis is to design a steam condensing turbine with three bleeds. First, a heat balance of the steam cycle is calculated, followed by thermodynamic and stress calculation of the turbine blading and design of a gland steam system and drain system. A price proposal is suggested for the given steam turbine. In the end, a design drawing of the steam turbine is constructed.
149

Beitrag zur Entwicklung einer verbesserten Berechnungsmethode für die Zahnfußtragfähigkeit von Zylinderschneckengetrieben / Contribution to the development of a better calculation method for the tooth root strength of worm gears

Reißmann, Jan 16 September 2016 (has links) (PDF)
Schneckenradgetriebe sind aufgrund ihrer Verzahnungsgeometrie prädestiniert für Getriebeanwendungen mit diskontinuierlichem und schwingungsbehaftetem Betrieb. Bei hohen Momenten und geringen Drehzahlen stellt dabei die Zahnfußtragfähigkeit die primäre Auslegungsgrenze dar. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit lag in der Erhöhung der Genauigkeit der Berechnungsmethoden für die Zahnfußtragfähigkeit von Schneckenrädern, auch zur Steigerung des Volumennutzwertes dieser Getriebe. Hierzu wurden alle die Tragfähigkeit des Zahnfußes beeinflussenden Parameter durch eine Vielzahl von Experimenten und FE Simulationen untersucht. Dies schließt eine genaue Analyse der Geometrie von Schneckengetrieben, deren Fertigung und Einbausituation, die verwendeten Werkstoffe und deren Beanspruchung mit ein. Auf dieser Basis gelang neben der Entwicklung eines vergleichsspannungsbasierten analytischen Berechnungsverfahrens die Erstellung eines örtlichen Berechnungskonzeptes nach dem Kerbspannungskonzept. Hiermit konnte die Einschätzung der Zahnfußtragfähigkeit bei der Neuentwicklung und die Optimierung von Getrieben verbessert werden. / Worm gears are well suited for gearbox applications in environments with discontinuous conditions and mechanical vibrations. In the case of high torque and low speed, the tooth root strength is the primary design limit. The aim of the present paper is to improve the accuracy of the calculation methods for the tooth root strength of worm wheels. To reach this, all parameters which affects the strength of the tooth root were examined. This includes the geometry, the manufacturing, the materials and the stresses of worm wheels. Through this investigation, the development of a new analytical calculation method based on the equivalent stress concept could be done. Furthermore, a local calculation method based on the notch stress concept was developed. Thus, the forecast of the tooth root strength of worm wheels for redevelopment and optimization could be improved.
150

Reservmatningsmöjligheter vid transformatorhaveri / Backup power supply in case of transformer breakdown

Jarl, Markus, Bengtsson, Fredrik January 2015 (has links)
Kungälv Energi äger och ansvarar idag över Kungälv Kommuns elnät. Med en ökande befolkningsmängd ställs allt högre krav på elnätet och framför allt leveranssäkerheten. Med kalla vintrar och stort energibehov ger detta upphov till en svårare situation gällande leveranssäkerhet. I nuläget har Kungälv Energi två mottagarstationer, en 130/10kV-station espektive 130/20kV-station. 30/10kV-stationen börjar närma sig en gräns där effektbehovet närmar sig den maximala istributionskapaciteten. Därför fastställs en plan för att kunna klara av effektbehovet vid averi på en av två 130/10kV-transformatorer i mottagarstationen M1. Resultatet av rapporten visar att tillräcklig kapacitet finns i närliggande fördelningsstationer för att klara av reservdrift under hög belastning utan att några övriga komponenter skadas. Rapporten behandlar främst effektflöden för att kontrollera att dessa ej överskrider transformatorernas, ledningarnas och kablarnas märkeffekt. I flertalet fall har även faktorer för nödbelastning räknats med vilket resulterar i att samtliga linjer hos Kungälv Energi klarar av den ökade belastningen. Upptäckta flaskhalsar i nätet har uppmärksammats och delgetts samt förslag till förändringar för att förhindra framtida problem. / Kungälv Energi owns and is responsible of Kungälv municipality's electricity grid. With an increasing population and increasing demands on the grid and especially security of supply. With cold winters and large energy gives rise to a more difficult situation regarding security of supply. Currently, Kungälv Energi two receiving stations, a 130 / 10kV station and 130 / 20kV station. 130 / 10kV station is approaching a point where power demand is approaching the maximum distribution capacity. Therefore sets out a plan to cope with the power demand at the failure of one of two 130 / 10kV transformers of the receiving station M1. The results of the report shows that sufficient capacity is available in nearby distribution stations to cope with the emergency operation under high loads without any other components damaged. The report deals primarily with power flows to check that they do not exceed transformers, lines and cables rated power. In the majority of cases have also factors for distress load been counted with, which gives the result that all lines of Kungälv Energi can handle the increased load. Detected bottlenecks in the network have been highlighted, communicated and proposed changes to Kungälv Energi to prevent future problems.

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