Cette thèse propose une analyse de l'incapacité du gouvernement des Etats-Unis à modifier en profondeur sa politique d'immigration. Elle montre que son principal facteur explicatif est institutionnel : la résilience du régime d'immigration, entendu comme mode de régulation de l'admission d'immigrants, s'explique par sa capacité à s'appuyer sur une structuration de l'économie politique de l'immigration favorable au blocage des réformes. Pour démontrer cette proposition, notre étude est donc articulée en deux blocs : les facteurs engendrant une crise du régime, et ceux permettant son statu quo. Dans un premier temps, les facteurs structurels et conjoncturels de la crise du régime sont étudiés. Une analyse empirique de la régulation de l'immigration met en évidence ses deux dysfonctionnements structurels : d'une part un déséquilibre croissant entre le nombre de candidats à l'immigration et l'offre de visas et, d'autre part, la formation d'un stock de résidents en situation irrégulière. Néanmoins, l'analyse des représentations de la population américaine concernant cette régulation démontre que la volonté de réformer les conditions d'admission de l'immigration relève aussi de facteurs subjectifs. Une conjoncture économique dégradée intensifie la perception d'une crise du régime, et la préférence pour sa fermeture. Dans un second temps, les facteurs explicatifs de l'absence de fermeture du régime sont analysés. La validité de deux hypothèses explicatives de sa résilience est démontrée par une analyse des épisodes de réforme de 1994 à 2010. En premier lieu, la mise en œuvre politique d'une réforme donne la primauté aux préférences des groupes d'intérêts organisés (communautés immigrées, employeurs, syndicats, nativistes) par rapport à celles de l'opinion publique. En second lieu, les préférences antagonistes de ces groupes d'intérêts les rendent incapables de coopérer : malgré sa non-optimalité, le régime d'immigration correspond donc à une issue stable des négociations législatives, car il limite les pertes de l'ensemble des acteurs en présence. / This PhD dissertation deals with the inability of the United States government to adopt an overhaul of its immigration policy. We show that the main factor accounting for this situation is institutional: the structure of the political economy of immigration explains why reforms attempts fail, and therefore helps to stabilize the regulation of immigrant admissions in the United States. To demonstrate this proposal, we firstly review the roots of the immigration crisis and then analyze why it is not overcome. The immigration crisis in the United States is produced by a set of trends. Some of them are structural. As a fact, the immigration system in the United States is deeply dysfunctional for two reasons. It is firstly very inefficient at properly organizing legal immigration by balancing an increasing demand for immigration visas with an offer bound through quotas. It is secondly unable to dissuade the settlement of a growing undocumented immigrant population. Still, the perception of this immigration crisis and the demand for reform are linked to cyclical factors. Nativist demands for a tightening of immigration legislation are notably greater during times of economic recession. We then explain the absence of immigration restriction in the United States through the demonstration of two complementary factors. Firstly, the political process through which immigration reform is defined give more influence to organized interest groups (such as immigrant communities, employers, unions and nativists) than to public opinion. Secondly, these groups are unable to cooperate for an immigration reform compromise, due to their competing preferences. In another words, the current statu quo prevailing in immigration reform may be suboptimal in terms of regulation of immigrant admissions. It is nevertheless stable, because it allows losses which would inevitably result from a successful immigration reform.

Deux problématiques se croisent dans nos travaux de recherches, ils ne font pas parties du même domaine: la première est issue du TAL (Traitement Automatique des Langues), la seconde est relié au domaine de l'ALAO (Apprentissage des Langues Assisté par Ordinateur).La première partie de nos travaux de recherches rentre dans le cadre de l'analyse morphologique des textes arabes. Pour la création d'un analyseur morphologique, nous avons commencé par la réalisation de toutes les ressources nécessaires (Dictionnaires pour la langue arabe, Matrices de compatibilités, Règles, Corpus d'apprentissage, Modèle de langage, etc.). Nous avons utilisé une approche statistique basée sur les Modèles de Markov Cachés (MMC) qui adhère à des principes de bonne pratique bien établis dans le domaine de l'analyse morphologique. Cette méthodologie a donné naissance à @rab-Morph : un analyseur morphologique robuste et performant pour l'arabe.La deuxième partie des travaux menés se situe dans le cadre de l'ALAO, où l'objectif principal est d'apporter des éléments de réponse à la question suivante ; comment peut-on profiter des outils issues du TAL arabe pour apporter des solutions aux plateformes d'apprentissage de l'arabe langue étrangère? Pour y parvenir et montrer l'intérêt d'avoir recours à des procédures, solutions et outils TAL pour l'apprentissage des langues, nous avons développé un prototype pour l'apprentissage de l'arabe baptisé @rab-Learn. Cet environnement utilise des outils issues du TAL, principalement notre analyseur morphologique @rab-Morph, pour créer des activités pédagogiques variés et automatiser d'avantage le traitement de la langue dans ces plateformes. / L'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-26T17:09:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseSCF.pdf: 10747360 bytes, checksum: 8a9b640ece219d76af8f66468c70af0a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-11-08T18:25:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseSCF.pdf: 10747360 bytes, checksum: 8a9b640ece219d76af8f66468c70af0a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-11-08T18:25:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseSCF.pdf: 10747360 bytes, checksum: 8a9b640ece219d76af8f66468c70af0a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-08T18:25:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseSCF.pdf: 10747360 bytes, checksum: 8a9b640ece219d76af8f66468c70af0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-22 / Não recebi financiamento / This work deals with the analysis of queueing systems for Call Centers regarding the possibility of the customer abandon the system before being served, due to his/her impatience. The Call Centers are service organizations that predominantly serve customers by phone calls and are considered a particular kind of Contact Centers that serve their costumers through phone, fax, e-mail, chat, mobile devices and other communication channels. From a business point of view, the main concern on the management of the Call Center is the offer quality service with minimum cost. The perception of the quality of services offered is expressed, by customer, for example, through the abandonment of queue, which is considered one of the most important operational measures to evaluate the performance of a Call Center. This work aims to present and apply analytical queueing models with abandonment, represented by generic probability distributions (particularly mixed distributions), as an effective analysis approach to represent the problem of congestion in Call Center systems and support decisions of dimensioning and operations on these systems. Two studies were conducted with Call Center extracted data of a company located in the countryside of São Paulo State, Brazil and another located overseas, in Israel. The parameters (e.g, arrival rate, service rate, abandonment rate) and some measures of performance (e.g, average waiting time, waiting probability, abandonment probability and traffic intensity) were established based on these data. These sampling measures were equated with the same measures achieved by the analytical queueing models M/M/c+G, M/Gc/1+G and M/G/c+G considered in this research, using the parameters obtained empirically and mixed, Exponential, Fatigue Life, Normal and Lognormal distributions to represent the abandonment (patience) of users. It was observed that in some cases, depending on the considered performance measure, the queueing models with mixed distributions for the abandonment have better results (minor deviations, compared to the real data) than their corresponding with nonmixed distributions. It was observed, also, that independently of the analyzed performance measures, the Call Centers may be represented by a analytical queueing model with a mixed distribution for abandonment times, which behaves better than the others. There were no evidences that the mixed distributions to represent the abandonment times were the best in all analyzed performance measures, but they were always competitive. It was used, also, an experimental model of discrete simulation that properly represents the Call Center in order to check the results of the analytical models and explore alternative scenarios. The same scenarios were considered with the theoretical model and the performance measures achieved by the simulation and by the theoretical models were compared, showing the potential of the use of the approaches based on analytical models with abandonment for the Call Centers analysis. / Este trabalho trata da análise de sistemas de filas para Call Center considerando a possibilidade do cliente abandonar o sistema antes de ser servido, devido a sua impaciência. Os Call Centers são organizações de serviço que predominantemente servem os clientes via chamada telefônica e são considerados um tipo particular dos Centros de Contato, que atendem seus clientes por meio de telefone, fax, e-mail, chat, dispositivos móveis e outros canais de comunicação. Do ponto de vista dos negócios, a principal preocupação na gestão de um Call Center é oferecer serviço de qualidade com mínimo custo. A percepção da qualidade dos serviços oferecidos é manifestada, pelo cliente, por exemplo, por meio do abandono da fila de espera, que é considerado uma das medidas operacionais mais importantes para avaliar o desempenho de um Call Center. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e aplicar modelos analíticos de filas com abandono, representado por distribuições genéricas (particularmente distribuições mistas), como uma abordagem de análise efetiva para representar o problema de congestão em sistemas de Call Centers e apoiar decisões de dimensionamento e operação nesses sistemas. Dois estudos foram conduzidos com dados extraídos do Call Center de uma empresa localizada no interior do Estado de São Paulo e de outro localizado no exterior, em Israel. Os parâmetros (por exemplo, taxa de chegada, taxa de serviço e taxa de abandono) e algumas medidas de desempenho (por exemplo, tempo médio de espera, probabilidade de esperar, probabilidade de abandonar e intensidade de tráfego) são determinadas com esses dados. Essas medidas amostrais são comparadas com as mesmas medidas obtidas por meio dos modelos analíticos de fila M/M/c+G, M/Gc/1+G e M/G/c+G considerados nesse estudo, que utilizam os parâmetros obtidos empiricamente e as distribuições mistas, Exponencial, Fatigue Life, Normal e Lognormal para representar o abandono (paciência) dos usuários. Observou-se como resultado, que em alguns casos, dependendo da medida de desempenho considerada, os modelos de fila com distribuição mista para o abandono têm apresentado resultados melhores (desvios menores em relação aos dados reais) que os seus correspondentes com distribuições não mistas. Observou-se, também, que independentemente das medidas de desempenho analisadas, os Call Centers podem ser representados por um modelo analítico de fila com uma distribuição mista para os tempos de abandono, que se comporta melhor do que os outros. Não houve evidências que as distribuições mistas para representar os tempos de abandono foram as melhores em todas as medidas de desempenho analisadas, mas foram sempre competitivas. Utilizou-se, também, um modelo experimental de simulação discreta, que representa apropriadamente o Call Center, para verificar os resultados dos modelos analíticos e explorar cenários alternativos. Os mesmos cenários foram considerados com o modelo teórico e as medidas de desempenho obtidas pela simulação e pelo modelo teórico foram comparadas, mostrando o potencial do uso de abordagens baseadas em modelos analíticos com abandono para análise de Call Centers.

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))-- Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009 / A quantitative research study was conducted in order to obtain insight and knowledge of the perceptions of management with regard to changes taking place within the Financial Services Sector (FSS). The call centre at Sanlam Head Office in Bellville was used as a case study, and focus was primarily with first line managers at the call centre. The motivation for the study stemmed from the researcher’s experience within the FSS coupled with introduction of legislation for financial service providers. The ultimate objective of the study is to provide generic guidelines of how managers should respond to change on various and different levels and to equip managers with tools to apply during change phases and cycles within the organization. The literature review covers areas that releates to how managers responded to change in areas of leadership, culture, structure and legislation. Changes in these four areas were researched from different authors that specialize in organizational development, leadership development, organizational change and legislation. These ideas and perspectives from a range of South African and international writers gave the researcher an opportunity to conceptualize change, in general, and to provide a clearer understanding of generic competencies that are required to deal with it. Some models of how to deal with resistance to change and key success factors in dealing with it, are discussed. The researcher elected to work with managers at the Sanlam call centre, since they experience and are directly exposed to implementation of change at grassroots level. Results of the research confirm that dealing with change is a challenging experience for managers. A participatory management approach will result in less resistance from employees. The investigation also recommends that deciding on a vision with all key role players is not a once-off occurrence, but should be revisited, realigned and adjusted as the need arises within the organization. Furthermore, the results confirm that soft skill training and development such as conflict and diversity management should be implemented during the diversity and the changing face of the workplace. The main objective and recommendation is that managers should relook and revisit their management styles, involve all role players during decision making processes, and value and appreciate employee’s inputs and ideas.

Inledning: Hantering av material ställer varierande krav beroende på dess beskaffenhet. För att bemöta interna krav i form av hög leveransservice till en låg kostnad är det betydande att utforma en effektiv försörjning av material. Ny teknik och tillämpning av IT-system kan skapa förutsättningar till att effektivisera materialförsörjningen genom att öka servicegraden och reducera kostnader. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att utforma och utvärdera en arbetsmetodik för att effektivisera intern försörjning av material från godsmottagning till produktion. Metod: En teoretisk referensram utgjorde grunden för att identifiera viktiga områden för att skapa en effektiv intern materialförsörjning. Parallellt genomfördes en fallstudie hos ett företag verksamma inom hissbranschen, där insamling av data främst genomförts utifrån olika typer av intervjuer och observationer för att skapa en uppfattning om företagets materialförsörjning. Den data som framkom jämfördes främst med den teoretiska referensramen i analysfasen i den framtagna arbetsmetodiken och utifrån denna drogs slutsatser. Etiska aspekter beaktades genomgående under arbetets gång. Den framtagna arbetsmetodiken: Utifrån viktiga identifierade områden, baserat på den teoretiska referensramen, utformades en arbetsmetodik för effektivisering av intern materialförsörjning, bestående av sex faser: Förutsättningar, Beskrivning av nuläget, Analys av nuläget, Utformning av förbättringsförslag, Genomförande samt Uppföljning. Fyra av dessa faser tillämpades på fallföretaget med syftet att utforma förbättringsförslag med potential att effektivisera verksamhetens interna materialförsörjning. Slutligen utvärderades arbetsmetodikens tillämpade faser för att lyfta fram dess styrkor, utmaningar och utvecklingsmöjligheter samt den vidare tillämpningen. Slutsatser: Betydande områden samt andra stödjande digitala lösningar ansågs inte vara tillräckliga för att generera en effektiv intern materialförsörjning utan det behövdes ett ordnat arbetssätt för att tillgodogöra dessa områden. För att understödja detta krävdes komplement i form av en arbetsmetodik med ett antal strukturerade faser, med viktiga hänsynstaganden, som metodiskt måste följas för att utforma förbättringsförslag som kan skapa en effektivare intern materialförsörjning. Förbättringsförslagen som utformades omfattade bland annat ett nytt förfarande för materialavrop, nya principer för buffertar, reducering av interntransporter samt automatiskt förslag på lagringsplats. / Introduction: Handling of materials sets different requirements depending on its characteristics. In order to meet internal demands of high delivery service at a low cost, it is important to design an effective supply of materials. New technology and the application of IT-systems can provide opportunities to streamline materials supply by increasing service levels and reducing costs. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to design and evaluate a working methodology in order to achieve effective internal supply of materials from goods receipt to production. Methods: A theoretical framework formed the basis to identify significant areas to achieve effective internal materials supply. In parallel, a case study was conducted at a company operating in the elevator industry. Data collection was primarily based on different types of interviews and observations to create an understanding of the company´s materials supply. The data obtained were mainly compared with the theoretical framework in the analysis phase of the developed working methodology. Conclusions was drawn, based on the analysis phase. Ethical aspects were taken into account throughout the work of this study. The developed working methodology: Based on significant identified areas, from the theoretical framework, a working methodology was developed to achieve effective internal materials supply, consisting of six phases: Prerequisites, Description of the current situation, Analysis of the current situation, Design of improvement proposals, Implementation and Follow-up. Four of these phases were applied on a company with the aim of designing improvements proposals with the potential to achieve effective internal materials supply. Finally, the applied phases of the working methodology were evaluated to highlight its strengths, challenges and possibilities of development as well as the further application. Conclusion: The significant areas and other supportive digital solutions were not considered sufficient enough to generate effective internal materials supply and thereby there was a necessity for an organized approach to utilize these areas. In order to support this, complements were required in form of a working methodology with a number of structured phases, including important considerations, which must be followed methodically in order to design improvement proposals which can achieve a more effective internal materials supply. The improvement proposals that were designed included, for instance, a new procedure for materials call-off, new principles for buffers, reduction of internal transports and automatic suggestion of place of storage.

This thesis deals with the issue of operational and crisis management within the Police of the Czech Republic. The organizational structure and the staffing of operational centers and emergency management centers is described as closely related to police activities, with emphasis on the responsibility for executing tasks resulting in particular from internal acts of the Police management as the essential component of the Integrated Rescue System (IRS). The issue of emergency calls handling and the related communications between the basic components of the integrated rescue system, particularly between the Police and the Fire and Rescue Service, considering the technological and material and technical equipment of operational centers of the police of the CR is dealt with. The empirical section is focused directly on the "modern" Integrated Operational Centre of Regional Police Headquarters of the Vysočina region where questionnaires are distributed to workers (policemen) of this organizational element of the Police, the object of study is divided into three parts. The first part is focused on the IRS issues, the level of knowledge, orientation in this area and views on cooperation of the IRS components are identified by the questionnaire. The second part is focused on crisis management, the knowledge level of respondents in this area is determined. The third part of the questionnaire is directed entirely to obtain information and knowledge from practice of the staff members involved in special activities. The discussion and conclusion gives information about the progressive development and integration of operational centers, including the possible and most convenient way (system) of operational and crisis management within the Police of the Czech Republic.

This graduation thesis was written to present a project about new educational institution in Czech Republic called Children?s museum. Children's museum is institution that provide exhibits and programs to stimulate informal learning experiences for children. In contrast with traditional museums that typically have a hands-off policy regarding exhibits, children's museums feature interactive exhibits that are designed to be manipulated by children. The theory behind such exhibits is that activity can be as educational as instruction, especially in early childhood. Children?s museum is envisioned as a dynamic new place for interactive learning, play and creativity that serves children 1-18 years old, their families and teachers. The main topic of this thesis is to prepare a business plan for this institution, find possibilities of financing from Structural fonds of EU, prepare project and process it in web aplication Benefit 7.

En adaptionsanalys av hur verket Call Me by Your Name har överförts från roman till film. Uppsatsen fokuserar på hur kärlek och sexualitet mellan män kan adapteras, här genom en jämförelse mellan romanen Call Me by Your Name från 2007 och dess filmatisering från 2017. Adaptionsteoretiska faktorer, såsom berättarperspektiv och filmskaparens urval av scener, används för att belysa hur skildringen överförs mellan medierna. Undersökningen centreras främst till hur adaptionen behandlar homosexuell kärlek.

Orientador: Maria Lygia Quatim de Moraes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T11:58:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Freitas_TaisViudesde_M.pdf: 1249566 bytes, checksum: 8f912f0ef2a3939d6329a08298c480b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O mundo do trabalho vem sofrendo transformações, frutos do desenvolvimento tecnológico, que levam a um aumento da produtividade. Neste contexto, novas profissões surgem, a exemplo do teleatendimento, caracterizado por uma intensa flexibilidade e elevado grau de precariedade nas relações de trabalho. A oferta destes serviços prolonga-se durante as 24 horas do dia e por todos os dias da semana, exigindo dos profissionais flexibilidade quanto aos dias e horários de trabalho. Nestes serviços, a força de trabalho feminina é majoritária, o que é justificado, no setor empresarial, pelo fato de que as construções sociais acerca da representação da mulher na sociedade atendem às demandas de qualificação deste setor. No presente estudo, objetiva-se analisar sociologicamente a categoria tempo em dois sentidos: como controlador e regulador do tempo produtivo e como organizador do tempo da reprodução social. Na medida em que jornadas flexíveis de trabalho são recorrentes no setor de teleatendimento, cabe analisar quais as conseqüências desta prática sobre a vida social dos trabalhadores. Para tanto, tem-se como objeto de estudo as trabalhadoras de teleatendimento, principalmente aquelas inseridas em regimes excepcionais e com horários freqüentemente alternados, por ser esta uma profissão que alia alta tecnologia e informatização para controle e dinamização do tempo de produção à exigência de horários flexíveis de trabalho / Abstract : The world of labor has been under transformation, originated by technological development, which leads to an increase of productivity. In this context, new professions emerge, as telemarketing, marked by an intense flexibility and high level of precariousness in labor relations. The offer of these services extends 24 hours a day and 7 days a week, demanding flexibility on work schedule from the workers. The female workforce is majority in telemarketing, and the employers explain that by the fact that social constructions on how women are represented in our society comply with the demands of qualification in the sector. In this study, there is an attempt to make a sociological analysis of the concept of time in two different senses: as controlling and regulating productive time and as organizing social reproduction time. As flexible working days are frequent in telemarketing business, the consequences of this practice to workers' social life should be analyzed. In order to do that, the object of study are female call center operators, especially those who work under exceptional schedules and have their shifts frequently alternated, being telemarketing a profession that allies high technology and computerization to control and dynamism of productive time, as well as the demand of flexible working time / Mestrado / Sociologia do Trabalho / Nestre em Sociologia

Cette thèse relate une recherche-action dans le domaine de la didactique de la littérature française pour apprenants japonais à l’université, en lien avec l’environnement informatique. Elle repose sur la médiatisation du processus de lecture du texte littéraire à l’ordinateur transposée dans le cadre d’un cours de lecture littéraire et sur l’interactivité propre à une approche de type El(langues)AO. La lecture d’un roman français à l’aide de l’ordinateur est réalisée dans une salle informatique, dont les fonctionnalités permettent de redistribuer les rôles de chacun des acteurs de la situation d’enseignement, traditionnellement centrée sur l’enseignant. L’enseignement de la traduction est reconsidéré grâce à la technique des corpus parallèles, qui rend possible un travail d’analyse de plusieurs traductions d’un même roman déjà publiées. / This thesis describes an action research in the field of didactics of French literature for Japanese University students in the context of ICT-aided learning. It is based on the mediatisation of the reading process of a digitized version of a novel with the computer. The novel is read in an ICT laboratory, which allows access to features that help to redistribute the roles of actors in the teaching situation, which traditionally focused on the teacher. The teaching of translation is reconsidered through the technique of parallel corpus, which allows for the analytical study of several translations already published of the same book.