Dans les dernières années, le respect de l’environnement est devenu une des grandes préoccupations des clients du secteur automobile. Les constructeurs cherchent à réduire les émissions carbones de ses produits et les véhicules hybrides ou purement électriques apparaissent comme une alternative viable aux véhicules thermiques. Un des éléments importants de la réussite de la commercialisation des véhicules électriques est la recharge de la batterie qui peut être effectuée par différents moyens, avec des chargeurs embarqués/débarqués, à domicile ou sur la voie-publique. Dans ce domaine un système de charge performant doit notamment être robuste vis-à-vis des contraintes extérieures( perturbations réseaux, impédances de ligne, charges de plusieurs véhicules en même temps), avoir un bon rendement entre la puissance puisée à la prise et celle délivrée à la batterie, maitriser les courants harmoniques rejetés sur le réseau électrique (respect des différentes contraintes réglementaires liées aux perturbations émises). Pour répondre à ces exigences les travaux de cette thèse proposent des commandes innovantes des convertisseurs de puissance contenus dans les chargeurs électriques. Dans un premier temps, la modélisation des convertisseurs de puissance est réalisée en moyenne à la période de commutation et en moyenne généralisée pour d´écrire le processus de génération des harmoniques des courants et tensions des convertisseurs. Des lois de commande non-linéaire fondées sur la théorie de stabilité au sens de Lyapunov sont proposées de fac¸on à induire un comportement en boucle fermée satisfaisant les exigences souhaitées pour les convertisseurs de puissance. La partie commande est complétée par une partie d’observation nécessaire pour l’estimation des signaux non-mesurés et pour l’extraction harmonique. Enfin dans la dernière partie de la thèse, les différentes stratégies de commande sont validées par rapport aux exigences via une co-simulation en reproduisant l’architecture de logiciel model in the loop utilisée dans l’industrie / In the last few years the question of respecting the environment became a central concern of car users. The electric cars respond to the public trend of reducing the toxic emissions of conventional cars. The success of electric cars depends on the charging of the batteries, charging done either at home or on the public domain.The charging system has to respond to the following performance criteria:-robustness to exterior constraints: network perturbations, line impedance, multiple simultaneous charging of vehicles.-a good efficiency for the power transfer between the received power and the power delivered to the battery.-respecting the power distributer constrains for network harmonic pollution.These three points impose the need for efficient control laws for the battery charger. In this context, the power converters (AC / DC - DC / DC) are key components in electrical chargers , an improved control law of these elements can provide a better level of performance for the charger.This work is a continuation of previous work that resulted in several theses with CIFRE funding, in collaboration with Renault in the context of the electric car (but not only):- From an industrial viewpoint, the doctoral student will draw on the expertise, experience and Renault's test facilities in the field of electric traction in the automotive transport.- From an academic point of view the work will benefit from the skills of the working group 'System control’ within the L2S laboratory, in the field of multi-physics modelling, design of control laws and optimization.Supervision will be provided by:- Emmanuel Godoy (Professor, HDR, advisor) and Dominique Beauvois (professor, co-director) of the academic point of view.- Pedro Kvieska (Engineer, Doctor, Ecole Centrale de Nantes) for industrial management within Renault.Objectives of the thesisThe first two years of thesis work will focus on methodological studies of dedicated control laws. During the third year the work will be focused on the implementation of the proposed architectures and control strategies by: implementing of the new control strategies as prototypes on test bench and on the transferability of the proposed control approaches.A big part of the last year will naturally be devoted to the writing of the doctoral thesis and the preparation of the defence.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18965号 / 工博第4007号 / 新制||工||1617(附属図書館) / 31916 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 藤井 聡, 准教授 SCHMOECKER,JAN-DirK, 准教授 神田 佑亮 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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This thesis examined why an actor in the labor market, namely Volvo Cars, promotes parental leave. Previous research has shown that workplace-related factors are important for parents' use of parental leave. The purpose of this thesis was thus to highlight how actors in the labor market have the ability to influence the use of parental leave and, by extension, the development of gender equality. This thesis utilized an explanatory analysis of two policy documents and an information film about the Family Bond and three interviews with employees at Volvo Cars. The results showed that one of the reasons why Volvo Cars introduced the "Family Bond" is the company's desire to create equal opportunities for all. "Family Bond" is thus also part of Volvo Cars' inclusive approach in the sense that the company recognizes that parenting and family constellations can look different. A second reason for the implementation is Volvo Cars' aim to contribute to equal parenting. In addition, Volvo Cars believes that paid parental leave, by enabling the company to recruit and retain more women in the company, leads to more diversified perspectives which in turn drives innovation, creativity, improves productivity and the company's operations. A fourth reason for the introduction of the "Family Bond", which is also the most prominent, is that this parental leave policy is part of the entire Volvo Cars corporate culture, which is centered around the human being and the family.

A big challenge regarding the development of autonomous vehicles is how to handle complex situations. If an autonomous vehicle ends up in a situation where it cannot make a decision on its own it will cause the car to stop, unable to continue driving. For these situations, human intervention is required. By making it possible to control the car remotely there is no need for an actual human in the car. Instead, a human operator can remotely control one or several cars from a distance. The purpose of this project was to identify such complex situations, evaluate remote control options and implement one of these controllers to drive the SVEA cars in the Smart Mobility Lab. After evaluation of possible remote control options, the PlayStation controller was chosen to be the simplest and most intuitive steering option. The controller was successfully implemented first in simulation and then on the SVEA cars in the Smart Mobility Lab. A test track was designed to measure the performance of the implemented controller and to be able to measure user-friendliness through a survey. It was concluded that a majority of the participants would not feel comfortable steering a real car using the PlayStation controller. However, a more extensive evaluation would be required to draw any major conclusions.

Intersections represents one of the most common accident sites in traffic today. The biggest cause of accidents is obstructed view and subpar communication between vehicles. Since autonomous vehicles rely on sensors that require a direct view intersections are some of the most complex situations. Where the potential for inter vehicular communication exists between modern vehicles, it is absent in the older generation. An overseeing intersection system can fill this function during the transition period to fully autonomous traffic. This project aimed to implement an intersection system to assist autonomous vehicles through a crossroad. The assist system’s objective was to collect and transmit data from cars close to the junction to the autonomous vehicles nearby. The concept was tested in simulations by having models traverse a crossroad to evaluate how it utilised the external information. No persistent conclusion could be made due to insufficient simulation environment and vehicle model control.

During the last few decades, the awareness of environmental and social responsibility has expanded within the society. This consciousness has resulted in an increase of requirements and demands set upon companies to conduct a business that is sustainable. The automotive industry is one of many sectors that has increased its commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR). The purpose of this thesis is to explore how CSR activities have been formed within the automotive industry and who are affected by these activities. This is done through conducting a longitudinal case study on Volvo Cars, by using a qualitative content analysis on the company’s sustainability reports from 2015 to 2019. Three dimensions were examined using a modified framework of Carroll’s CSR pyramid: environmental, ethical and philanthropic responsibility. The findings resulted in eight different themes, which were analysed with the stakeholder theory and Porter’s value chain. This study concludes that Volvo Cars’ CSR activities have been integrated into their business strategies and that environmental responsibility is the most reported theme in their sustainability reports. Furthermore, this study shows that the stakeholder that is affected significantly by the performed CSR activities of Volvo Cars is the society.

Utvecklingen med automatiserade funktioner i fordon går framåt och i framtiden är det möjligt att bilen är helt självkörande. Stockholm växer och även trafiken vilket medför utmaningar att lösa som exempelvis att öka framkomligheten, tillgänglighet och hållbarhet. Därför har Stockholms stad tagit fram mål för tydliggöra vad det framtida gaturummen ska uppfylla. Syftet med denna rapport var att sammanställa information om hur autonoma fordon kan påverka gatuutformningen samt jämföra resultatet med målen om gatuplanering i Stockholms stad. Resultatet visade att autonoma fordon kan möjliggöra en ökad delningsekonomi inom transportsystemet där allt färre människor äger ett eget fordon. I stället kan fordonen ingå i nya mobilitetslösningar. Detta kan medföra en förbättrad markanvändning och nya möjligheter till hur vi använder gaturummen. Exempelvis nämns gaturummet kunna stängas av för trafik efter rusningstid och ge plats för andra aktiviteter. Resultatet visade även att fordonenen har behov för mer integrerad teknik i gaturummen samt krav på högre läsbarhet av linjemarkeringar och vägmärken. En slutsats som kunde dras var att många utav Stockholms stads mål kan uppnås, exempelvis miljömål, mindre trängsel och högre trafiksäkerhet. Av resultatet framgår det att de två viktigaste faktorerna är den politiska och tekniska utveckling kring autonoma fordon. / The development with automated functions in vehicles is moving forward and in the future it is possible that cars is completely self-driving. Stockholm is growing and also the traffic, which poses challenges to solve, such as increasing accessibility, availability and sustainability. Therefore, the City of Stockholm has developed goals for clarifying what the future street areas should fulfill. The purpose of this report was to compile information on how autonomous vehicles can influence street design and compare the results with the goals of street planning in the City of Stockholm. The result showed that autonomous vehicles can enable an increased sharing economy within the transport system, which means that fewer people own their own vehicle. Instead, the vehicles can be included in new mobility solutions. This can lead to improved land use and new opportunities for how we use the street space. For example, the street room is mentioned as being able to be switched off for traffic after rush hour and providing space for other activities. The results also showed that the vehicles need more integrated technology in the street space and requirements for higher readability of line markings and road signs. One conclusion was that many of Stockholm's goals can be achieved, such as environmental goals, less congestion and higher road safety. The result shows that the two most important factors are the political and technical development of autonomous vehicles.

Autonomous vehicles are complex, technologically opaque, and can vary greatly in what perceptual capabilities they are endowed with. Because of this, it is reasonable to expect people to have difficulties in accurately inferring what an autonomous vehicle has and has not seen, and also how they will act, in a traffic situation. To facilitate effective interaction in traffic, autonomous vehicles should therefore be developed with people’s assumptions in mind, and design efforts should be made to communicate the vehicles' relevant perceptual beliefs. For such efforts to be effective however, they need to be grounded in empirical data of what assumptions people make about autonomous vehicles' perceptual capabilities. Using a novel method, the present study aims to contribute to this by investigating how people's understanding of the visual capabilities of autonomous vehicles compare to their understanding of those of human drivers with respect to (Q1) what the vehicle/driver can and cannot see in various traffic situations, (Q2) how certain they are of Q1, and (Q3) the level of agreement in their judgement of Q1. Additionally, we examine whether (Q4) there is a correlation between individual differences in anthropomorphizing and Q1. The results indicate that people generally believe autonomous vehicles and human drivers have the same perceptual capabilities, and that they therefore are subject to similar limitations. The results also indicate that people are equally certain of their beliefs in both cases, strongly agree in both cases, and that individual differences in anthropomorphizing are not associated with these beliefs. Implications for development of autonomous vehicles and future research are discussed.

Yes / Throughout the developed world, consumers are increasingly being encouraged to adopt cleaner, more eco-friendly behaviours. However, hybrid car adoption remains low, which impedes the move towards a lower carbon economy. In this paper, we examine the risks and drivers of hybrid car purchases, drawing on consumer behaviour and cultural dimensions theory to account for the heterogeneous, segmented nature of the market. As risk perceptions differ across cultures, and in order to address the lack of cross cultural research on eco-friendly cars, we focus on Australian, South Korean, and Japanese consumers. Based on a survey of 817 respondents we examine how five types of risk (social, psychological, time, financial, and network externalities) and three factors that drive purchasing behaviour (product advantages, product attractiveness, and product superiority) influence consumers perceptions of hybrid cars. Four segments of consumers are identified (pessimists, realists, optimists, and casualists) that also vary according to their environmental self-image, and underlying cultural values. Our results extend theory by incorporating self-image and cultural dimension theories into a multi-country analysis of the risks and drivers of hybrid car adoption. Our findings have practical implications in terms of marketing strategies and potential policy interventions aimed at mitigating risk perceptions and promoting the factors that drive hybrid car adoption.