The wastewater- and sewage distribution network is a critical aspect for maintaining a socialandenvironmental well-being. However, in the latest time, many failures (such as leakages) haveoccurred due to poor conditions in the wastewater-infrastructure, causing several consequencessuch as damage to the environment or pose health hazards to the public. This study is dividedinto three parts. Part one compares five different sewage inspection technologies: Closed-CircuitTelevision (CCTV), Zoom Cameras, Digital Scanning, SONAR and Electro Scanning with thepurpose of identifying a new system that Stockholm Vatten & Avfall (SVOA) should considerimplementing. Part two goes through the inspection procedure that SVOA applies, andrecommendations are concluded as to how the process can be optimized. Part three coversessential aspects that should be taken into account before investing in a new technology. Theresearch methodology involves collecting data from literature, internal reports from SVOA, andconducting interviews with supervisors and field workers. The main finding is that SVOA shouldcontinue with the current approach that the utility is using because the current data found in thecurrent literature is too insufficient and not too strong which makes it not convincing to investinto a new technology. On the other hand, the collected data about the technologies can beconsidered whenever the approach is moving towards a proactive approach.

‘Knarkrondellen’, which translates to ‘Drug Roundabout’, is a known hot spot for drug trading in Malmö and the police have implemented several measures to prevent the narcotic crimes. This paper sets out to investigate the impact that the police interventions, namely enhanced police foot patrols, improved street lighting and the installation of a surveillance camera, have on the crime rates and the fear of crime at the roundabout. In a multi-method approach, quantitative data from the police register and police surveys as well as qualitative observations and interviews with the residents are analyzed. The findings show that the police interventions did not reach the desired preventative effect in the given study period and indicate the occurrence of displacement. The citizens’ feeling of safety and perception of the problems did not change significantly as a result of the interventions. Overall, the surveys and interviews suggest that the police are on the right track; however, a longer follow-up period is needed in order to examine the long-term effects of the intervention measures. Additionally, an enhanced involvement of the community in the fight against drug crimes appears necessary.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of CCTV, Close Circuit Television, in the police operations during the deadliest terror attacks in Norway; the 2011 Oslo bombing and subsequent Utøya shooting, Denmark; the 2015 Copenhagen Krudttønen Cultural Centre and Synagogue shootings and Sweden; the 2017 Stockholm truck attack. Specifically, this paper aims to explain in what capacity CCTV has contributed to the police operations during the three attacks, as well as to investigate which problems have been noted with CCTV during the police operations. This study has been conducted through a qualitative content analysis to identify the prominent themes in which CCTV have been described in three after-action reports authored by each country’s national police agency. The study finds that the main contribution of CCTV lies in tracking and identifying a moving perpetrator, capturing pictures and film of the perpetrator which can be shared to police personnel as well as the public and as a whole contributing to further investigative measures. The problems with CCTV described in the reports are mainly that privately owned CCTV-cameras can be hard to locate, that CCTV film takes time to secure and analyze and that the quality of the film can vary greatly. In conclusion, the study suggests that the police forces should install more of their own controllable and actively monitored cameras to allow for more actionable use during terror attacks and other incidents. These cameras should be combined with AI software to further enhance the capability of the cameras and their operators.

In 1972, an instructional television (lTV) course entitled Clothing and Man was formulated by the Clothing, Textiles and Related Art Department in cooperation with the Learning Resources Center at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Discussion groups and a course outline were developed to aid students in learning the required subject matter presented by the lTV lectures. Through these components, and others such as the course syllabus, stated objectives, slides, and textbooks, a systems approach to lTV has been developed. As a component part of a system in this form of educational technology, instructional television is more likely to be an efficient tool for learning. lTV has worked best when it was used as an integral part of the learning activities (Chu & Schramm, 1967; Diamond, 1964). An orientation to learning with television lecture (Hutchinson, 1973) was developed specifically for the course to aid students in studying the subject matter. In the present format of the course, the orientation lecture precedes the presentation of the television lectures. / Master of Science

L’état de surveillance dans lequel est plongée la société contemporaine contraint à ériger des dispositifs spécifiques de sécurité. Les méthodes de surveillance utilisées relèvent principalement de l’observation et de l’écoute. De ce fait, le septième art, jouant sur « l’audio – visuel », se serait réapproprié certains de ces dispositifs comme celui de la caméra de surveillance.Ce travail de recherche s’inscrit dans le courant des Visual Culture Studies, etcherche à faire l’archéologie puis l’analyse d’un regard particulier, tel que le cinéma de fiction l’actualise très souvent depuis plusieurs années, celui des caméras de surveillance. Ainsi, la prolifération de ces images de surveillance dans les filmsmontre l’impact de phénomènes sociaux dans la représentation tant des images desautorités, que celles produites par les citoyens A travers les concepts de la surveillance, en passant par ceux de la sousveillance, la caméra de surveillance aucinéma apporte des points de vues divers sur le monde qui nous entoure en puisantégalement dans des représentations hybrides via l’intermédialité proposée par les films. / The contemporary society is immersed in a state of surveillance, which forces it to set up specific security devices. The surveillance techniques used are mainlybased on observation and listening. Thus, cinema, as an audio and visual art has adopted some of these devices, such as the surveillance camera.This research takes part in the Visual Culture Studies, and aims to offer anarcheological description followed by the analysis of a specific gaze, that of the surveillance cameras, which has often been actualized over the past several years through narrative cinema. Consequently, the increased presence of thesesurveillance images in the movies shows the impact of social phenomenons in the representation of images produced by the authorities and those produced by private citizens. With the notions of surveillance and sousveillance, the surveillance camerain cinema displays several points of view of the world that surrounds us, using also hybrid representations through the intermediality offered by films.

This master’s thesis discuss the renewable energy source utilisation, to be more precise it describes the Photovoltaic Power Plants. These sources are not only capable of contributing to the regeneration of the environment and to the electricity production, but they are also capable of generating the investor’s economic profit. The individual chapters describe the external factors affecting the project, present condition of the project’s realization, the theory of photovoltaic cells and systems, CCTV camera systems, which are necessary for the power plant security.

The topic of this thesis is the legal regulation of camera system in the workplace and characterization of its encroachment on personal rights of employees. The main emphasis is put on conditions, which employer must fulfil to install a camera system in the workplace in compliance with the legal order of Czech Republic. Furthermore this thesis is devoted to issues of discreet surveillance and of defence of employee options in case of illegal monitoring. This thesis is divided into three following chapters. In the first chapter, technological development of video camera and its components as well its gradual using as surveillance equipment in public space and afterwards in private life of persons are described. This chapter deals with today's situation and number of video cameras in society, not only in Czech Republic but also in the whole world. Increasing amount of video cameras represents as its consequence a reason for legal disputes, especially neighborhood's legal disputes. Considering that mentioned fact, the relevant decisions of the Supreme Court illustrating attitude of judicature to camera surveillance are incorporated in the first chapter. The thesis' core is set in the second chapter, which is focused on concrete conditions of installation of camera monitoring in the workplace and their...

Episodes of aggression and violence continue to beset our public spaces. This thesis explores how well we understand the transition to violence—and how aggression and violence in public spaces can be managed or controlled. We begin by arguing that established social psychological approaches to aggression and violence are inadequate for the task. Existing models explain violence through the failure of individuals to inhibit their own impulses or control their own emotions sufficiently. At best the models allow for the importance of dyadic interactions as individuals provoke each other as part of an escalation cycle. We argue that public space aggression and violence involves multiple parties and more complex sets of social dynamics. We suggest that, at the very least, the roles of third-parties and social categories need to be at the heart of theorising about violence in public spaces. To support our arguments, we examined violence directly through detailed behavioural microanalyses of real-life aggressive incidents captured on CCTV footage. We also built agent-based models (ABM) to explore different theoretical approaches to the impact of groups and third-parties on aggression and violence. The thesis contains seven studies. We begin with a CCTV behavioural microanalysis (Study 1) that showed collective group self-regulation of aggressive and violent behaviour in both within- and between-group conflicts. This study demonstrated an ‘intergroup hostility bias’, showing a greater likelihood of aggressive, escalatory acts towards outgroup members in intergroup conflicts than towards ingroup members in intragroup conflicts. Furthermore, this study demonstrated an ‘intragroup de-escalatory bias’, showing a greater likelihood of peace-making, de-escalatory behaviours towards ingroup members in intragroup conflicts than towards outgroup members in intergroup conflicts. Overall, we found that the majority of coded actions were acts of de-escalation performed by third-parties. With evidence stressing the importance of social dynamics, we compared dyadic models of aggression against an alternative social model (which allowed normative influence of others) in a dynamic agent-based modelling environment. We modelled the dynamics of metacontrast group formation (Studies 2 and 3), and found that group processes can produce both escalation of violence and inhibition of violence (Study 4). We found greater polarisation of violent positions in intergroup interactions than in intragroup interactions (Studies 5a and 5b). However, an emergent intergroup hostility bias did not emerge from this polarisation process. In Study 6, we re-examined the intergroup hostility bias present in our CCTV footage. We found an intergroup hostility bias for non-physical escalatory acts but not for physical escalatory acts. We examined the standardised number of actions contributed by third-parties and assessed the relationship between specific third-party conflict management strategies (policers and pacifiers) and conflict violence severity (Study 7). Overall, our results showed that third-parties and groups are integral features of the dynamics of violence. Third-parties largely attempt to de-escalate conflict, and the conflict management strategy they employ has a direct relationship to the violent outcome. Groups have a tendency to de-escalate their own members, and self-policing and collective inhibition take place. These findings have importance for current models of aggression and violence and also for evidence-based violence reduction initiatives.

The use of public space by young people raises issues in Australia and elsewhere in the world. Contests occur between the disparate players seeking a stake in the use and definition of public space. State and local government, young people, the security industry, shop owners, community groups and property developers are some of the major players. In a context of monitoring and control procedures, young people's use of public space is often viewed as a threat to social order (Loader 1996, Crane and Dee 2001, White 1998). This study considers critical intersections between young people and the control of public space. It employs an analysis of relevant youth, citizenship and public space theories. Particular attention focuses on the concepts of political, civil and social citizenship formulated by the British sociologist T.H. Marshall, whose key text Citizenship and Social Class (1950), is still relevant (see Yeatman 1994, France 1997, Mann 1995, Manning and Ryan 2004). Grounded Theory methodology as discussed by Glaser and Strauss (1967) is utilised in the surveying of high school students in Brisbane and Logan to discover their perceptions of a range of public space and citizenship issues. The overall aim of this study is to consider if a connection exists between young people, public space and citizenship and if the use of public space by young people may be understood from a broad rights perspective and the concept of social citizenship, as discussed by Marshall (1950). The self completion survey employed in this study asked 1122 high school students a number of questions about their local community, safety at school, the meaning to them of the word citizenship and their thoughts about CCTV. The key findings were: * Some communities are less concerned about young people, than others; * Most schools are safe, but a number are not. Teachers contribute to student's feelings of safety at school; * The word citizenship carries important meanings for most young people around belonging, community and taking part in community life; * CCTV surveillance does not necessarily make young people feel safe in using public space; * Most young people feel negatively stereotyped by their community; * Most local areas do not have enough youth facilities The survey data is discussed further throughout the study along with citizenship and public space issues.

This master thesis deals with implementation information system for small store. IS should make easy work for staff, secure simple and fast selling and provide inspection. Target of this project is also to provide a implementation procedure manual for simillar companies.