A critical comparison of the CCTV and NBC broadcasts of the Opening Ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympics demonstrates how two sets of narratives that on the surface glorify China and the long Chinese cultural and historic tradition offer very different ideological projections about China's rise as a power and engagement with the wider capitalist world. For CCTV, China has finally righted a longstanding historical injustice and established itself as a co-equal nation among nations. For NBC, ambivalence about China is the watchword, and further reforms that by implication will help clear China of its non-democratic, totalitarian, and economically mercantilist sheen are needed if the country is to be fully embraced. The ideological construction is more hidden in the NBC broadcast, but both depend on massive erasures of history and blurring of contemporary issues, causing both sets of narratives to fail tests of narrative coherence. Discursive struggles over the authorship of the Opening Ceremony underlie both media texts and expose their ideological positioning.

Stockholms Universitet, Instutitionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation JMK, Karlavägen 104 Box 27 861, 115 93 STOCKHOLM Tel: 08-16 20 00 Titel: CCTV och Al Jazeera – likheter och skillnader i de internationella nyhetsprogrammen   Title: CCTV and Al Jazeera –similarities and differences in the international news programs Författare: Hanna Strid, hanna.strid@gmail.com, Marta Kaszuba, marta.kaszuba@hotmail.com. Handledare: Christian Christensen C-uppsats Höstterminen 2013 This essay aims to identify what similarities and differences there are between news broadcastings from Chinese CCTV and Al Jazeera English which has its national headquarters in Qatar. When national channels broadcasts internationally, it is interesting to see what they choose to convey as that day's news flow and how to represent their country. It can depend on many different things such as structures of media ownership in the country and cultural context. The research methods used have been empirical studies and comparative analysis of a total of ten broadcasts of the largest daily newscasts on both channels, both news programmes are called the News Hour. All the news we have watched during the work with this essay we have studied according to Kieth Selby and Ron Cowdery's method of analysis presented in How to Study Television, this gives the essay a high grade of validity. The method has helped us to divide the empirical data into smaller components in order to make it easier to compare them. As a theoretical background we have used Stuart Hall's representation theory and his thoughts on the concept of culture. The theory is applied to verify the empirical data which is compiled in analysis chapter, and the results are discussed. In summary, we have found many similarities and differences between the programs and concluded that the news can never be objective without constantly being created by someone with an underlying idea of ​​the material transmitted. This can be done in many ways, both with a neutral ambition as of Al Jazeera English or on CCTV which often focus on their own country's positive sides and deeds.   Keywords: CCTV, Al Jazeera English, similarities, differences, news flow, national, international, broadcasts, representation, representation theory

Vi har tillsammans med polismyndigheten i Blekinge och BTH genomfört ett projekt som fokuserar på kameraövervakningen i länet. Projektet går ut på att kontrollera, undersöka och se om det går att förbättra övervakningen som redan finns runt om hos bensinstationerna. Vi gör det för att polisen ska få en bättre möjlighet att kunna hantera det övervakningsmateriel som de samlar in i stationerna när det har begåtts ett misstänkt brott. Det är genom undersökningar och besök av olika stationerna som vi har kontrollerat hur pass väl deras övervakningssystem fungerar och får en bild av hur de olika stationerna skiljer sig åt. Det är också för att få en bättre bild om hur det i dagsläget ser ut med kameraövervakningen runt om i länet. Vi ställer även frågor till de ansvariga för kameraövervakningssystemet för att få en bättre uppfattning över hur de ser på sitt kameraövervakningssystem och vad de själv vill förbättra. Vi har närmare betraktat de lagar och regler som gäller för kameraövervakning i bl.a. butiker, bensinstationer och allmänna platser. Vilka regler som gäller för uppsättning av kameror på olika platser, inspelning, lagring, ansökningar, anmälningar och undantag. Vi har även tagit fram några rekommendationer till de olika företagen som ska kunna hjälpa dem att förbättra sina övervakningssystem. Det kan vara saker som felriktade kameror, dålig belysning, föråldrad utrustning och lagringsmedium som kan behöva tillsyn eller förnyas. Men också kontrollera hur övervakningen sköts, säkerheten till systemet och om det finns tillräcklig med kunskap om hur systemet ska skötas. Vi har även tagit fram en standard som vi tycker att företagen bör ha i åtanke vid installation eller uppgradering av ett övervakningssystem. För att systemet ska vara till en så stor hjälp som möjligt för polisen. Vi har kommit fram till att övervakningssystemen hos de stationer vi har besökt kan skilja sig väldigt mycket ifrån varandra. Det finns många bra och dåliga delar hos de olika företagen som de kan förbättra när det gäller kvalité och säkerhet. / Kristoffer.tindemark@gmail.com

Södra Sofielund/Seved är ett av de särskilt utsatta områdena Polisen har listat i sin rapport om utsatta områden i Sverige. En del i arbetet för att minska brottsligheten och öka tryggheten i området var att installera polisiär kameraövervakning. Detta har varit igång sedan 2015 och pågår fortfarande. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur boende, verksamma och fastighetsägare i Södra Sofielund/Seved upplever och uppfattar kameraövervakningen. Föreliggande studie är genomförd via kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Urvalet har skett genom ett bekvämlighets- och snöbollsurval för att relevanta deltagande intervjupersoner ska komma till tals. Kunskapsläget kring polisiär kameraövervakning är både omfattande men saknar samtidigt viktiga aspekter, som vilken upplevelse individer har när kameraövervakning sker i ett bostadsområde och inte på allmänna platser som är mer generella, exempelvis ett torg. Resultaten i studien visade att boende, verksamma och fastighetsägare främst var positivt inställda och upplevde att övervakningen hade en viss effekt på brottsligheten. Däremot var de mindre säkra på att kameraövervakningen skulle påverkat förändringen av den upplevda trygghetskänslan i området utan det trodde intervjupersonerna vara till följd av andra trygghetsskapande åtgärder. Eftersom kameraövervakning är ett verktyg som Polisen använder sig av mer och mer är det viktigt att forskningen fortsätter undersöka upplevelser från medborgarna så att Polisens arbete ständigt kan utvecklas och förbättras. / Södra Sofielund/Seved is one of the particularly vulnerable areas the swedish police have listed in their report on vulnerable areas in Sweden. Part of the improvement work to reducing crime and decrease the fear of crime in the area was to install police camera surveillance. This has been running since 2015 and is still ongoing. The aim of this study is to investigate how residents, business- and property owners in Södra Sofielund/Seved experience and perceive camera surveillance. The present study is conducted through qualitative approaches with semistructured interviews. The selection of participants has been made through a convenience and snowball surgeon to enable relevant participating interviewees to describe their experiences. The knowledge of camera surveillance is both extensive but at the same time lacks important aspects, such as the experience individuals have when camera surveillance takes place in a residential area and not in public places that are more general, such as the townsquare. The results in the study showed that residentials, business- and property owners were primarily positive and experienced that the surveillance had a certain impact on crime. On the other hand, they were less sure that camera surveillance had affect the change in the perceived fear of crime in the area, instead the interviewees believed it to be due to other security-creating measures. As camera surveillance is a tool that the police use more and more, it is important that research continues to investigate the experiences of citizens so that police work can constantly be developed and improved.

Inspired by my personal interest in the topic of dramaturgy, coupled with the continuous change programmes that Shell Oman Marketing Company (SOMC) adopts in many areas, this research attempts to explore the role of dramaturgy (Goffman 1956) in change management in SOMC. The primary question that this thesis addresses is: What is the role, impact and potential of dramaturgy in change management in SOMC? The objective is to examine the ability of dramaturgy to offer an effective method for managing change, and one that will eventually be used as an integral part of effective change management programmes in SOMC. The research consists of a case study of installing Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) system cameras in the offices of SOMC. The research was a qualitative study, conducting 22 semi-structured interviews along with unstructured observations of meetings and engagements. The research concludes that front stage performances and backstage performances are witnessed extensively in SOMC, and concludes that the boundary between front and backstage is blurred, that stories, metaphors and body language play an important role in performances, and that the audience perception of the authenticity, sincerity and genuineness of the performers is a key factor in their acceptance of the message. This research identifies a number of themes that can be added to the existing literature. The study highlighted the importance of ‘Alignment’ as a way of explaining the work that goes on in backstage and front stage performances, much part of living organisations. The term found extensively in organisational life at SOMC and many other organisations. Backstage meeting often has the goal of aligning participants to the message that has to be conveyed – the coordinated front stage performance. Therefore, alignment is a key element of the rehearsals and practices for the frontstage performances, and in bringing together the supporting team and loyalists. Another contribution of this research that is not available in other studies is that the importance of context and culture. That although metaphors and storytelling are used in many organisations across the world, they resonate particularly with Omanis because they are part of their history and culture. Hence using storytelling and metaphors in performances in SOMC can have a huge help connecting the audience with the performance.

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The Spring Festival, or Lunar New Year, is the most important festival in China. On every Lunar New Year's Eve since 1983, the state-run China Central TV (CCTV), the only national TV station in China, has held a celebrating gala. This thesis attempts to examine the CCTV Spring Festival Galas as a case study of China's statist nationalism. The research questions of this thesis are: what techniques and technologies have the CCTV Spring Festival Galas used to construct a Chinese national space? How have the CCTV Spring Festival Galas describe the Chinese national space? And what changes have taken place in these techniques and technologies as well as in the descriptions? To answer these questions, this thesis conducts a comparative research, comparing both the commonalities and differences between the galas of 1984-86 and those of 2004-06. Employing an interpretative textual analysis approach, it analyzes the videos of these six years' galas and explores the political meanings of words and programs in the galas. This thesis finds that in order to imagine a united Chinese national space, the galas mainly represent China in terms of classes, ethnic groups and places. With the presence of minorities and people from Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, the galas focus on the boundary of the Chinese nation to construct the unity of China. Furthermore, in order to construct the greatness of this united Chinese national space, the galas use heroes and sites to symbolize China. The presence of traditional elements helps create a temporal dimension of the Chinese national space. As a result of, and in response to, the socio-economic changes in the last two decades, the techniques and technologies used by the galas have changed. Besides the great changes in stage settings and technologies, the major changes in the techniques include: in the 2004-06 galas, hosts play a much more important role in interpreting the political meanings of the programs and presenting the state's nationalist narrative to the audience, the Chinese Communist Party occupies a more central place in the galas, and home increasingly means individual family instead of the country of China. Correspondingly, the way the galas treat singers, actors, and hosts from Hong Kong and Taiwan has also changed. / Master of Arts

Cette recherche se déroule en six parties en référence au modèle de l’espace public télévisuel dans les différents contextes historiques chinoise. Dans la première partie, nous analysons le contexte et les conditions essentielles qui ont donné naissance à l’espace public, et qui ont tenté d’interpréter le concept de l’espace public dans le domaine télévisuel. Dans la deuxième partie, nous présentons les télévisions publiques occidentales qui sont des sources d’inspiration pour la réforme chinoise. Et puis, la troisième partie, nous présentons un panorama de la télévision chinoise. Dans la quatrième partie, nous analysons la chaîne CCTV à partir de 1978, année où la Chine a commencé son évolution économique et son ouverture au monde. Puis, nous présentons Phénix TV, la télévision commerciale unique chinoise, ce qui sans doute influencé profondément la télévision en Chine continentale. En fin, nous mettrons en évidence les limites et les faiblesse de l’espace public, par rapporte rend la vision d’un système démocratique encore plus lointaine. / This research was conducted in six parts depending on the model of television public space in different Chinese historical contexts. In the first part, we analyzed the context and essential conditions that gave birth to the public space, attempting to interpret the concept of public space and character in television. In the second part, we presented the Western public television’s inspirations on China’s reform. And then, in the third part, we showed an overview of the Chinese television. In the fourth part, we tend to analyze the CCTV from 1978, when China began its economic development and opening to the world. In the next section, we presented the Chinese commercial television, which is a special case. She has an undoubtedly and deeply influence on television in the Mainland China. Then, we present Phoenix TV, the only Chinese TV commercial, which undoubtedly influenced deeply television in mainland China. In the end, we highlight the limitations and weakness of public space by reports makes the vision of a far more democratic system.

La frontière entre vie privée et vie professionnelle tend vers la confusion. La notion de vie privée est variable par l'importance que chaque individu lui accorde, elle suit également l'évolution de la société. Au sein de la relation de travail, caractérisée par le lien de subordination, quelle place doit-on lui assigner ? S'il est admis qu'il existe bel et bien une sphère privée résiduelle dans l'entreprise, comment la conjuguer efficacement avec les impératifs de productivité du monde du travail ? Malgré une forte protection de la vie privée du travailleur, l'empiètement de la sphère professionnelle sur la sphère privée est un risque supplémentaire de voir la notion se vider de sa substance. Notre étude s'attache à mettre en exergue les mutations intervenues dans l'entreprise notamment par l'usage des nouvelles technologies et les difficultés qu'elles occasionnent au regard de l'impératif de respect des libertés individuelles du salarié. Dans ce contexte, nous envisagerons des solutions pour faire coexister les deux sphères au regard de l'exigence de proportionnalité qui doit présider à la relation de travail. / The border between private and professional life can be confusing. The notion of private life differs from the importance each individual allows it, it follows as well the evolution of the society. Inside the working relationship, distinguished among the subordination connection, which priority should we assign it ? If there is agreement that in the working place a remaining private sphere truly exists, how can we efficiently unite it with the productivity requirements of the working environment ? Despite a strong protection of the employee's private life, the professional sphere stepping into the private one is an additional risk to see this idea to lose its meaning. The goal of our study is to point out the changes that occurred at work especially with the use of new technologies and the difficulties experienced due to the requirements to respect the employee's personal freedom. In this context we are considering some solutions to have those two spheres working together despite the balance requirement that must oversee the working relationship.

鑒於科技建警時代來臨，錄影監視系統運用範圍越來越廣泛，加上媒體大幅報導使用成效，導致新增議題持續不斷發生。本文先以預防犯罪角度探究錄影監視系統建置成因、運用及維護管理模式，取臺北市12個行政區2005年至2015年間各式刑案發生數，採竊盜案件發生數、強盜搶奪案件發生數及違反偽造文書印文案件發生數為被解釋變數，其中對照組為偽造文書印文案件發生數，監視器總數量為主要解釋變數，輔以守望相助組織、員警人數等與警政業務相關及多數犯罪實證研究文獻較常使用之解釋變數，從縱斷面及橫斷面的資料進行觀察，再透過「追蹤資料」（Panel Data）並運用「最小平方法」（Ordinary least squares,OLS）、固定效果模型及隨機效果模型進行資料分析，評估錄影監視系統數量配置上差異是否與刑案發生數有顯著關聯，藉以探討錄影監視系統建置數量多寡對於治安影響的程度。 研究發現，根據最小平方法的估計，監視器總數量與竊盜案件發生數呈負的顯著關聯，與強盜搶奪案件發生數及偽造文書印文案件發生數則無顯著關聯，顯示錄影監視系統僅對於特定類型刑案發生有犯罪預防效果，運用錄影監視系統雖然有利於破獲強盜搶奪案件，但在預防強盜搶奪案件發生效果並不顯著，同時驗證臺北市在錄影監視系統數量分配上並非僅以轄區人口數、土地面積及暴力、竊盜案件平均發生數為基礎。最後，本研究建議警政機關在錄影監視系統配置上應視影響刑案發生數之因素分配，如做整體預防犯罪決策應多考慮其他社會因子，在未來設置時，應適時變更宣導方向提高民眾治安滿意度，並針對系統設備有效管理維護，因時因地制宜，經由整合公私部門提高覆蓋率，以減少治安死角。 / In view of the coming of technical police age, the Closed-circuit television （CCTV） is applied more and more broadly. With the greatly reported effects by the press, new issues keep emerging. This article discovers the coming reasons, application and managed modes behind CCTV. We adopt the statics of the offense known to the police, larcenies, forceful taking and forgery from 2005 to 2015 among 12 districts in Taipei City as the dependent variable, the number of the forgery as the control group, and the number of monitors as the main response variable. We also take commonly used response variables in mutual help organizations, the number of the relevant police duties , and research papers of criminal evidence to observe the information vertically and horizontally , then conduct data analysis via Panel Data, Ordinary Least Squares （OLS）, Fixed Effect Model and Random Effect Model and estimate if there’s connection between the number of CCTV and criminal cases to see if the number of CCTV and has any impact on the public order. The research shows that the number of CCTV has significantly negative relevance with the larcenies, while forceful taking and forgery go opposite, according to the estimation of OLS. It shows that CCTV has positive influence on criminal prevention only to certain criminal cases. CCTV is benefit busting forceful taking, but not preventing it. Nevertheless, it proves that the distribution of CCTV in Taipei City isn’t just based on the district population, area, violence and the avg. number of force taking simultaneously. Finally, we suggest that Police Agency & Subordinate Branch allot CCTV depending on the factors of criminal cases. For example, considering more sociocultural factor when making decisions about criminal prevention and changing the ways of propaganda timely to improve the public order satisfaction. Furthermore, managing and maintaining system facilities effectively and change tactics as the situation and time demand to reduce the high crime rates by integrating public and private sectors and higher coverage.