The master’s thesis “Utilization of expert systems in marketing research” deals with the development of an application based on an expert system, knowledge basis of which contains expert information from the area of CCTV security systems design. In this thesis, the used expert system is described and also its connection to the relevant marketing research is mentioned.The solution of the expert system is carried out in C++ language programming and the purpose of the program is to eliminate misunderstandings and inaccuracies which occur during the initial negotiations between the salesmen and potential investors.The created software product, based on the knowledge basis of the experts in the field and past experience with camera systems, helps the customers decide what type of system, in what range and with what configuration is suitable for them. Hereby the orientation customers is encouraged in the way as described by the modern concept of marketing.

The doctoral thesis deals with analysis of the ageing of concrete and reinforced concrete pipes in sewage systems. The ageing of the sewage system is caused by several reasons, for example material abrasion, chemical and biological corrosion and subsequent static overload sewer construction. One of the common causes of degradation of sewage systems made from materials bonded with cement sealant is biogenic sulphate corrosion. Due to the corrosion the degradation of the pipe walls accelerates, particularly in upper part of the pipe and reduces planned lifetime of the sewage system. There is proposed new ageing analysis monitoring method for observation and evaluation of the loss of thickness of concrete and reinforced concrete pipes, which is caused by biogenic sulphate corrosion. Residual lifetime is calculated from the expected corrosion rate, it`s the loss of wall thickness on the monitored section of the sewer system. There is designed the monitoring system of the loss of wall thickness on the sewage system for practical application of the measurement procedure, which is administrated in cooperation with the BVK, a. s. The thesis uses existing knowledge regarding this subject. We use this information for better understanding of the process of the loss of wall thickness in sewage systems in real time and the posibility to correct and in-time implementation of appropriate operational measures. This should cause the limitation of the degradation process of piping material while extended service life and safe operation in sewage systems within the required time period. Based on the methodology is proposed to determine the residual life of the sewage system and maintenance and rehabilitation can be done more effectively. There is needed to be noted that only long-term monitoring period can bring a better overview of the technical condition of sewage systems in time and thus better and more effective maintenance and rehabilitation, which is related to the effective u

With increased capabilities in technology we’ve seen a huge societal impact in how we live our lives and what can be done with our personal information. Even if the purpose of camera surveillance might be done with good intent, by surveilling a population the question of privacy comes to light. The study aims to understand how camera surveillance affects privacy. The study also looks forward into the future with the possibilities of facial recognition and how this technology would change camera surveillance and in turn privacy. Important to note is that this study does not aim to examine whether camera surveillance is an effective means of crime prevention or crime investigation, but rather the consequences it entails for people’s privacy and how the infringement on privacy is seen from an ethical and a judicial standpoint. This study’s focus is examining camera surveillance and privacy in Sweden. The results and conclusion of the study derives from 4 different themes that were identified during the method segment, these are, Ethics, Law, Camera Surveillance, and Facial Recognition. Firstly, the study argues that trust and transparency needed for camera surveillance to be accepted by the public and to make sure that the camera surveillance is ethical. Secondly, we argue there is an ongoing infringement on privacy and additional risks if the storing of personal information gathered by surveillance cameras exists. Thirdly, an imbalance between technological possibilities and legal possibilities can lead to either a threat- or protection for privacy. Furthermore, the study acknowledges the importance of government agencies to be able to uphold laws and regulations regarding camera surveillance and privacy. Finally, the study finds mixed views regarding camera surveillance mixed with additional technologies, such as facial recognition. To increase trust and to make sure the technology serves the people we argue that some sort of ethical governance is needed.

The theme of the dissertation is surveillance. Its aim is to answer the following question: up to what extend do we live in a society, which may be described as a surveillance society. For this purpose it defines, what is meant by surveillance, how surveillance evolved through history, which theories relevantly describe this phenomenon and in which spheres surveillance is notable. The dissertation introduces the main theories of the multi-disciplinary field of surveillance studies, which has been developing over the last twenty years. Special attention is focused on CCTV systems. At the same time, the thesis focuses on ethical problems of surveillance, i.e. privacy, discrimination, social exclusion, transparency and responsibility.

Studien syftar till att undersöka hur allmänheten ser på kameraövervakning samt hur denna övervakning påverkar deras vardagliga liv. För att svara på frågeställningarna genomfördes strukturerade intervjuer på och runt Stortorget i centrala Malmö. Intervjuerna resulterade i 119 deltagare och materialet bearbetades både kvantitativt och kvalitativt. Resultatet stämmer väl överens med tidigare forskning som visar att de svenska medborgarna ser positivt på kameraövervakning, den genomgående trenden är att ca 80% av svenskar ställer sig positiva till kameraövervakning på allmän plats. Vidare visar resultaten en konflikt mellan integritet och säkerhet, då studien visar att kameraövervakning kränker vissa individers integritet. Dessutom kopplas resultaten till teorier om makt och Foucaults tankar om Panoptikon. Där ett ständigt övervakande öga kan påverka individers levnadsmönster, då de normaliseras in i vad som ses som rätt av den som sitter på makten. Studien visar dock att det endast är ett fåtal individer som anser sig påverkas av kameraövervakning i sitt vardagliga liv. Förslag på vidare forskning är att genomföra mer djupgående och öppna intervjuer med deltagare, detta för att djupare förstå deras resonemang. Det hade även varit intressant att undersöka hur materialet från kameraövervakning bearbetas enligt lagar och förordningar. / The aim of the present study is to examine what citizens think about camera surveillance and how it affects their day to day life. The question at issue was answered through structured interviews carried out at Stortorget in central Malmö. The interviews resulted in 119 participants and the material was processed with both a qualitative and quantitative approach. The result corresponds with previous research which shows that Swedish citizens view camera surveillance positively, the overall trend is that approximately  80% of Swedes are positive towards camera surveillance in public places. Furthermore, the results show a conflict between integrity and security, as the study shows that camera surveillance violates the integrity of certain individuals. In addition, the results are linked to theories of power and Foucault's thoughts on Panopticon. Where a constantly monitoring eye can affect individuals' life patterns, as they are normalized into what is seen as right by whoever is in power. However, the study shows that only a few individuals consider themselves affected by camera surveillance in their everyday life. Suggestions for further research are to conduct more in-depth and open interviews with participants, this in order to more deeply understand their reasoning. It would also be interesting to research how material from camera surveillance is being processed according to laws and regulations.

The theme of the dissertation is surveillance. Its aim is to answer the following question: up to what extend do we live in a society, which may be described as a surveillance society. For this purpose it defines, what is meant by surveillance, how surveillance evolved through history, which theories relevantly describe this phenomenon and in which spheres surveillance is notable. The dissertation introduces the main theories of the multi-disciplinary field of surveillance studies, which has been developing over the last twenty years. Special attention is focused on CCTV systems. At the same time, the thesis focuses on ethical problems of surveillance, i.e. privacy, discrimination, social exclusion, transparency and responsibility.

本研究透過監視器在電視新聞發展歷程中的特殊性和新聞價值，以及監視器新聞的緣起和發展，結合電視新聞的相關理論和實證研究了解監視器影像和電視新聞媒體媒合以後，電視監視器新聞的敘事方式和其所再現的社會景觀以及社會文化意涵。 透過內容分析法，本研究發現，多數監視器新聞以目擊事件現場為「賣點」，呈現對犯罪事件和特殊奇觀的現場感，然而也有不少新聞在監視器鏡頭外，用特殊的剪輯和運鏡技巧或是帶有情緒性的口語配音進行後製，加深觀眾的「共感氛圍」。在「求真」之外，也追求在視聽訊息上的感官化，並透過選擇新聞題材以及後製加工帶給觀眾強大的視覺衝擊力和感染力。 監視器新聞主題中以暴力和犯罪為主，其次則為奇觀新聞。以感官化的手法呈現與社會安全相關的主題，以犯罪暴力為主題的監視器新聞人物，大多為社會上的邊緣團體，且多發生在都市區；奇觀新聞則以一般民眾為主，背景大多為非都市區；監視器新聞以一般市井小民為主要報導對象，公眾人物在監視器新聞裡十分罕見。監視器新聞再現的時空，突破新聞記者採訪佈線「時空」的限制。 監視器新聞的畫面來源和主要受訪者皆為警方，且多為採用「單面報導」的方式，也就是說，警方掌握監視器畫面以及享有對監視器畫面的主要詮釋權，顯示了公共攝影的社會控制和詮釋的不對等關係。在監視器新聞主題中也看到了符合社會奇觀的主題，「記錄不容錯過的精彩生活片段」似乎成了監視器在社會中扮演的另類角色。 當監視器與電視新聞媒合以後，電視新聞觀眾面對的是更多重、更奪目的真實形式。這些影像以「軟性化」或「衝突性」題材為主，而不是以訴諸理性或是傳達資訊的方式。監視器新聞帶出了公共危險的社會意象，對於邊緣團體化約、淺碟化的敘述，可能加深觀眾對於邊緣團體的刻板印象。整體而言，監視器新聞是一種去脈絡化的敘事形式，透過後製的音效和影像編輯，呈現緊張、懸疑和驚聳的氣氛，因此，監視器新聞所再現的都市空間形象是危險的、充滿不確定性的，為一種高社會犯罪率的隱喻。

Cette recherche se déroule en six parties en référence au modèle de l'espace public télévisuel dans les différents contextes historiques chinoise. Dans la première partie, nous analysons le contexte et les conditions essentielles qui ont donné naissance à l'espace public, et qui ont tenté d'interpréter le concept de l'espace public dans le domaine télévisuel. Dans la deuxième partie, nous présentons les télévisions publiques occidentales qui sont des sources d'inspiration pour la réforme chinoise. Et puis, la troisième partie, nous présentons un panorama de la télévision chinoise. Dans la quatrième partie, nous analysons la chaîne CCTV à partir de 1978, année où la Chine a commencé son évolution économique et son ouverture au monde. Puis, nous présentons Phénix TV, la télévision commerciale unique chinoise, ce qui sans doute influencé profondément la télévision en Chine continentale. En fin, nous mettrons en évidence les limites et les faiblesse de l'espace public, par rapporte rend la vision d'un système démocratique encore plus lointaine.

This descriptive study utilized semi-structured interviews and observations to examine the experiences of hospitalized school-age children, and explore the potential of a live, closed-circuit television program as a psychosocial intervention. Among findings, Phase I data from 16 subjects indicates a) concern with painful medical procedures, particularly intraveneous (IV) injections, b) a desire for more information, especially concerning medical equipment, c) a variety of responses to social issues among subjects, d) the importance of activities, and e) the central role of the hospital playroom. Phase II data indicates that live, closed-circuit television can provide ambulatory and room-bound children opportunities for making choices, social interaction, participation, and information on their environment. Conclusions and implications are included.

No description available.